International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Abstract: Traditional medicinal plant, Tridax procumbens was analyzed for reducing power ability as an antioxidant using the 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and for total phenolics using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The results of the analysis show that T. procumbens has a percentage antioxidant activity (AA %) of 96.70 which was observed to be higher than those of gallic (92.92%) and ascorbic acids (94.81%) used as standards. The reductive potential determination shows that T. procumbens has a very significant re…

Abstract: Cosmeceuticals are the latest addition to the health industry and are described as cosmetic products with drug-like activities. The term cosmeceutical was coined by Kilgman but these lines of product became popular in 1996 and have an expanding market that has rapidly reached Africa. Many scientists and health consumers in Africa may not be conversant with this line of products. They may therefore, be under-researched or over-utilized. This paper is to briefly, expand the recent knowledge about cosmeceuticals.[...]

Abstract: Generalized estimating equations (GEE) provide an applicable approach to modelling repeated and clustered data that are often encountered in medical application. This approach is very useful especially when response variables are correlated and categorical, covariates are time-depended, there are a large number explanatory variables and missing data. In this study, using this approach we focus on modelling repeated sedation measurements obtained during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (C…

Abstract: The methanol seed extract of Carica papaya (CPE) was investigated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in mice and rats. The brine shrimp lethality test of the extract showed LC50 of 106.94 ppm at 95% confidence interval. The extract (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p < 0.05) increased pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time by more than 280% compared with the control. Like pethidine (9.1 mg/kg, i.p.), CPE (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the paw licking time in early…

Abstract: The effect of light irradiation on the antibacterial potentials of methanol root extracts of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Linn) was evaluated against some clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram -negative microorganisms using the agar diffusion methossd. The methanol extracts were exposed to three different sources of radiations: sunlight (28 days), tungsten lamp (72 h) and photoreactor (1 h, 365 nm) after which their antibacterial activity was determined. The colour of the extract monitored by colour visualizat…

Abstract: The antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi isolates to ten selected antibiotics, plasmid DNA profiles and conjugative ability in Zaria, Nigeria were investigated. Blood samples collected from presumptive typhoid fever patients in the different locations were cultured for Salmonella species and identified by standard procedures. Susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentration determination were performed using appropriate microbiological methods. Conjugative experiment was…

Abstract: Despite the fact that Directly Observed Treatment Strategy (DOTS) short course has recorded significant improvement in the tuberculosis (TB) disease detection, treatment and control in Nigeria, neither the set target for the TB detection rate nor the cure rate has been achieved nationwide, as several challenges detract its effective implementation. The objective of this study was to examine the challenges of DOTS implementation strategies in the treatment of TB patients with the view to determine factors militating…

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance encompasses the aqueous bark extract of Lannea welwitschii (Hiern), LW is used in Traditional African Medicine (TAM) for the treatment of diarrhea. However, the scientific basis for this usage has not been established. To evaluate the antidiarrhoel activity of LW using various pharmacological methods. The intestinal transit, castor oil induced diarrhea, enteropooling and gastric emptying methods were used in this study. LW (50 - 400 mg/kg per oral (p.o)) produced significant (P < 0.05…

Abstract: Experimental studies suggest that progesterone can regulate blood pressure. Nevertheless, there is scarce information about the effects of progesterone and its derivatives at cardiovascular level. In addition, to date the cellular site and mechanism of action of progesterone at cardiovascular level is also unclear. In order, to clarify on those phenomena, we evaluated the effects of progesterone and progesterone-dihydropyridimidine derivative on perfusion pressure in isolated rat heart using Langendorff flow model…

Abstract: In order to carry out research on the effects of corn peptides on exercise tolerance, free radical metabolism in liver and serum Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity of mice, sixty Kun-Ming male mice were randomly divided into two experimental groups, that is , Group (20 mice) and Group (40 mice). Group was a quiet group in which the mice were not trained; Group was a trained group in which the mice were trained. Either group was divided into control group and administered group. The control groups were adm…

Abstract: The present study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of long-acting risperidone on early onset schizophrenia in adolescent patients. A total of 31 adolescent patients (13 - 18 years) with schizophrenia met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for schizophrenia and their symptoms were stable when orally taking risperidone or olanzapine. They were admitted into a 24 week, open-label study on the long-acting risperidone. Risperidone was administered every 2 weeks at a dose of 25, 37.5 and up to a maximum dose of 50 mg…

Abstract: The total phenolic content of the extracts of Pereskia bleo were assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteau’s method while the antioxidant activities were determined by three different assays, namely scavenging activity on 1,1- diphenyl-2 -picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, reducing power assay and ß-carotene method. In the present study, the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (40.12 mg of GAEs/g of extract) and showed the strongest antioxidant activity in the ß -carotene bleaching assay signific…

Abstract: The aim of this research was to understand the precautionary measures of pharmacies in terms of safety issues of service. There are 322 community pharmacies in Kocaeli. Cluster sampling was used to select the community pharmacies included into the study. Four of eight regions were selected to this end. Throughout December 2005, face-to-face questionnaires were administered in 156 of 247 community pharmacists in four regions. Two thirds of community pharmacists (33.3%) have described the service area as unsafe. Eigh…

Abstract: In this investigation, it was of interest to synthesize novel series of peptide analogs of 3-bromocoumarins and 2-methylimidazoles. Substituted coumarinyl-oxyacetic acids 1, 2 were synthesized by alkylation of corresponding hydroxycoumarins with chloroacetic acid. The imidazolyl derivatives 13, 14 were prepared by interaction of 2-methylimidazole with substituted/unsubstituted anthranilic acids. Coupling of compounds 1, 2, 13 and 14 with different amino acid methyl ester hydrochlorides, dipeptide, tripeptide and te…

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of the Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Six groups of Wistar rats were pre-treated, respectively, with distilled water; omeprazole 20 mg/kg; and 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg P. niruri leaf extract 30 min before oral administration of absolute ethanol to generate gastric mucosal injury. After one hour later, the rats were sacrificed and the ulcer areas of the gastric walls were determi…