MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

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Inheritance of resistance to head bug (Eurystylus oldi) in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

S. E. Aladele* and I. E. Ezeaku

Abstract: The inheritance of resistance to head bug (Eurystylus oldi) was studied in ten populations of sorghum derived from crossing three susceptible sorghum elite varieties (ICSV 111, ICSV 112 and ICSV 400), and two resistant sorghum varieties (Malisor 84-7 and KSV 4). Parental lines, F1 and F2 populations were sown on a Randomized Complete Block Design in two replications. Artificial infestation of head bugs on sorghum was employed in carrying out the experiment. Samples of 5 panicles each from every artificially infested plot were observed. Resistance to head bug in sorghum seems to be controlled by a single pair of recessive genes in Malisor 84-7 x ICSV 400 and Malisor 84-7 x ICSV 111. The cross, KSV 4 x ICSV 112 appeared to be controlled by double recessive pair of genes. Head bug population affects quality of grains rather than the yield produced. There is a negative correlation (-0.095) between head bug population and the germination percentage of the grain. Positive relationship exists between glume size and head bug population, which suggests that longer glumes harbour more head bug.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Head bug (Eurystylus oldi), Infestation, Anthesis, Resistance, Susceptible, Inheritance.

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Efficacy of IgG, Fab, and F(ab')2 fragments of horse antivenom in the treatment of local symptoms after Cerastes cerastes (Egyptian snake) bite

Salwa S. Abdel Latif*, Soheir Wanas, George Abdel Malak and Madiha H. Helmy

Abstract: The ability of horse antivenoms, consisting of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and its fragments F(ab')2 and Fab were comparatively studied in mice to neutralize several effects of Cerastes cerastes venom. The three antivenoms were produced from the same batch of hyperimmune horse plasma. Neutralization was only partial when antivenins were administered intravenously at various time intervals after envenomation. No significant differences were observed among IgG, Fab, and F(ab')2 antivenoms concerning neutralization of hemorrhagic effects. Fab fragments were slightly more effective in neutralizing edema while IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms were better in neutralizing myonecrosis in experiments involving independent injection of venom and antivenom.Thus these results disagree with the theory that "Fab " fragments are more effective than whole IgG and F(ab')2 in the neutralization of local symptoms accompanying C. Cerastes venom.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Cerastes cerastes, Egyptian snake, IgG, F(ab')2, Fab.

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Analysis of AVR4 promoter by sequential response-element deletion

Olukosi, YA and Iwalokun, BA*

Abstract: Several reports have associated the variability in physico-chemical properties of avidin protein to dynamism inherent in the consensus regulatory networks within the promoter region of avidin genes. An Avr4 promoter region ligated to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase plasmid vector (pBLCAT2) to produce recombinant plasmid Avr4pBLCAT2 was sequentially deleted to produce five distinct mutants: Avr4pBLCAT2907-176, Avr4pBLCAT2809-176, Avr4pBLCAT2789-176, Avr4pBLCAT2429-176 and Avr4pBLCAT2302-176. The transformants elicited different chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) activities.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Avidin, AVR4 promoter, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase.

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Influence of cultural conditions on the production of bacteriocin by Lactobacillus brevis OG1

S.T. Ogunbanwo*, A.I. Sanni, and A. A. Onilude

Abstract: Bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus brevis OG1 has large spectrum of inhibition against pathogenic, food spoilage microorganisms and various Lactic acid bacteria employed as test strains. The bacteriocin inhibited E coli NCTC 10418 and Enterococcus faecalis, but did not inhibit Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Klebsiella sp. UCH 15. The antibacterial activity appeared to be pronounced between early logarithmic and early stationary phase. Supplementation and/or replacement of nutrients demonstrated that larger quantities of bacteriocin could be produced by addition of yeast extracts (3.0%), NaCl (1.0-2.0%), glucose (1.0 %) and Tween 80 (0.5%), while addition of tri-ammonium citrate, sodium acetate, magnesium sulphate, manganese sulphate and potassium phosphate had no effect on production. Maximal activity in composed medium was achieved at initial pH of 5.5, and incubation period of 48h at 30-370C.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Bacteriocin, growth media, Lactobacillus brevis OG1, indicator organisms, antagonistic activity.

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Bahy Ahmed Ali

Abstract: A genetic analysis using RAPD markers was performed for studying variation in four breeds of sheep (Baladi, Barki, Rahmani and Saffolk). Nineteen random primers were used to amplify DNA fragments in these breeds. RAPD patterns with a level of polymorphism were detected between breeds. Results showed closer proximity of Barki to Rahmani and Baladi (95.7 and 91.3%), respectively[...] Read More.

Keywords: Sheep, breeds, RAPD, genetic similarity.

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Serological versus molecular diagnosis

N. J. Tonukari

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Isolation, characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of copia-like retrotransposons in the Egyptian cotton Gossypium barbadense and its progenitors

Abdel Ghany A. Abdel Ghany and Essam A. Zaki*

Abstract: We have used the polymerase chain reaction to analyze copia-like retrotransposons in the Egyptian cotton and its progenitors. All three cotton species studied contain reverse transcriptase fragments from copia-like retrotransposons. Sequence analysis of these reverse transcriptase fragments reveals that each is different from the others, with predicted amino acid diversities between 9 and 94%. The detection of stop codons and insertions/deletions in the derived amino acid sequences of the Gossypium RT clones, suggests that these clones represent defective retrotransposons. The presence of these sequences in G. barbadense progenitors, however, suggests the presence of active retrotransposons capable of producing new functional copies at an appropriate rate to compensate for the mutational loss of old ones. Phylogenetic analysis provided strong bootstrap support for a monophyletic origin of plant copia-like retrotransposons, yet showed high diversity within all species. Our results suggest that both vertical transmission of copia-like retrotransposons within G. barbadense lineages, and horizontal transmission between G. barbadense and its progenitors have played major roles in the evolution of copia-like retrotransposons in Gossypium.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Genome structure, Gossypium, repetitive DNA, polyploidy, sequence diversity, retrotransposons.

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Amplification of 1-amino- cyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) deaminase from plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in Striga-infested soil

Olubukola O. Babalola,*, Ellie O. Osir , Abiodun I. Sanni, George D. Odhiambo, and Wallace D. Bulimo,Ψ

Abstract: Experiments were conducted in pots to determine the growth effect of different rhizobacteria on maize under Striga hermonthica infestation. Three bacteria were selected based on their plant growth promoting effects. Whole bacterial cells of the rhizobacteria were used to amplify 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each bacterial inoculation increased agronomic characteristics of maize although not always to a statistically significant extent. The extent of growth enhancement differs between the isolates. Enterobacter sakazakii 8MR5 had the ability to stimulate plant growth, however in the PCR study, ACC deaminase was not amplified from this isolate, indicating that not all plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria contain the enzyme ACC deaminase. In contrast, an ACC deaminase specific product was amplified from Pseudomonas sp. 4MKS8 and Klebsiella oxytoca 10MKR7. This is the first report of ACC deaminase in K. oxytoca.[...] Read More.

Keywords: 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC deaminase, PCR, rhizobacteria, Striga hermonthica.

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Detection of DNA alteration in abnormal phenotype of broiler chicken male by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

Bahy Ahmed Ali

Abstract: RAPD technique was used in this study to detect DNA band variations between both normal and abnormal male of broiler chicken based on RAPD marker. DNA polymorphisms between normal and mutant birds were detected using fifteen oligonucleiotide primers. Using these primers, DNA band loss ranged from 25 to 75%. Data demonstrated that RAPD marker could detect DNA alterations. Keywords: DNA alteration, RAPD, abnormal phenotype, male, broiler chicken.[...] Read More.

Keywords: DNA alteration, RAPD, abnormal phenotype, male, broiler chicken.

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Cellulase Production by Aspergillus flavus Linn Isolate NSPR 101 fermented in sawdust, bagasse and corncob

OJUMU, Tunde Victor*, SOLOMON, Bamidele Ogbe, e, BETIKU, Eriola, LAYOKUN, Stephen Kolawole , and AMIGUN, Bamikole

Abstract: Bagasse, corncob and sawdust were used as lignocellulosic substrates for the production of cellulase enzyme using Aspergillus flavus after ballmilling and pretreatment with caustic soda. From the fermentation studies, sawdust gave the best result with an enzyme activity value of 0.0743IU/ml while bagasse and corncob gave 0.0573IU/ml and 0.0502IU/ml respectively. The three lignocellulosics gave their maximum enzyme activities at about the twelfth hour of cultivation, suggesting that the 12th hour is the optimum time when the enzyme may be harvested.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Aspergillus flavus, cellulase activity, lignocellulosics.

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