MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

Research Article

Examining the purpose of teaching practice: Student teachersâ€™, mentorsâ€™ and university supervisorsâ€™ perceptions and experiences at the university of education, Winneba, Ghana

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: The current study investigated student teachers’, mentors’ and university supervisors’ perceptions of the purpose and experiences of teaching practice. The data for the study were collected from 65 student teachers, (44 males, 21 females), 55 school mentors and 15 university supervisors. Questionnaires both structured and non-structured were used to collect data. The study found that the both mentor and the university supervisor were well committed to their duties and provided useful feedback to the student teachers. Further findings revealed that student teachers had positive perceptions of the teaching practice exercise, teaching practice supervisor’s treatment, and the supervisor-student feedback provision style. The mentor and university supervisor perceived strongly that the student teacher became more serious when she/he had wind (knowledge) that their university supervisor was on visit; most of them also tried to wind up their practice after they had been supervised by the university supervisor. The study found significant difference in perceptions between the student teacher and the university supervisor of the purpose of teaching practice. There was also observed significant differences in perceptions of the purpose of teaching practice between the mentor and the university supervisor. The study revealed that the main purpose of teaching practice was for improvement of student teachers’ skills and craft of teaching before they leave for the actual work. It was also discovered that demographic variables such as qualification and professional background had a slight influence on participants’ perception on essence of teaching practice programme. It was recommended that, there is a need to strengthen the collaboration between university teaching practice office and the teaching practice-host institutions so as to minimize the challenges emanating from miscommunication during the teaching practice exercise. There was also the need to extend the duration of the teaching practice period from the current one term to two terms of the SHS academic or teaching calendar. Keywords: Teaching practice, student teacher, mentor, university supervisor, perception, improvement, assessment.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Teaching practice, student teacher, mentor, university supervisor, perception, improvement, assessment.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

An investigation of the attitude of students toward organizational safety in Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Thailand

*Sukollawat A. Kiatsuranont, Rueangrit Kanarot and Somsak Siriphanit

Abstract: The paper investigates the analysis student attitudes toward safety with working in shop organization in Rajamangala University of Technology Isan. Samples group were 440 students who enrolling general in 5 campuses, 12 faculties: Nakhon Ratchasima Center, Khon Kaen Campus, Surin Campus, Kalasin Campus and Sakon Nakhon Campus of the academic year 2008. A composite scale was constructed to measure attitudes toward four dimensions of safety with working in Shop Organization. Hypotheses correlated of attitudes supportive of safety with working in Shop Organization. The questionnaire used in data collection. Results of this research showed that attitudes of students toward safety with working in shop organization were good (69.14%) and moderate (35.19%). When considered separately, it showed that students were having good level of attitudes as much as 66.36%, 64.09%, 67.27% towards causes of accidents, safety management , importance of safety and the way of safety with working in shop organization, respectively and having moderate level of attitudes as much as 27.73%, 23.42% and 13.87% towards the three mentioned categories. The attitudes in instructor showed medium average. The attitudes in policy for administration in Rajamangala University of Technology Isan showed at a higher level. The attitudes were significantly different depending on different program at the level of 0.05.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Attitude, safety, shop organization

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

A study of the effect of student utilization of the free-body diagram on their performance

*Abdullah K. Thabit, Ahmed N. Mater and Ahmed Al-Nami

Abstract: Multiple representations (such as pictures, words, diagrams, and graphs) were found by many researchers in the physics education field to enhance the students’ ability to understand the physical concepts. Free−body diagram is a method of the multiple representations and it is defined as the pictorial representation in problems involving forces. In the literature available on physics education, little research has been found concerning the effects of using free−body diagrams on student performance at the college level. The purpose of this investigation is to address and explore the effects of using free−body diagrams on the test results of freshman−engineering students at the university level. This study was conducted using a sample of engineering students taking the introductory−physics course on Newtonian mechanics. The quantitative investigation showed that students who draw correct free−body diagrams while solving a physics problem are likely to solve the problem correctly, while students who draw wrong diagrams are likely to fail in solving the problem. 85% of our students used the free−body diagram representation, although they did not receive any credit for that use, which shows the students’ awareness of the importance of the free−body diagram representation. Keywords: Free−body diagram, physics education, and Newtonian mechanics education.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Free−body diagram, physics education, and Newtonian mechanics education.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Teachersâ€™ and studentsâ€™ perceptions of psycho-physiological factors contributing to violent behaviour among public secondary school students in western province, Kenya

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: Violence is not a new phenomenon in the modern educational system. It is manifested in the form of rioting, sexual violence, fighting and bullying. The purpose of the study was to establish teachers’ and students’ perceptions of psycho-physiological factors contributing to violent behavior among public secondary school students in Western Province, Kenya. The study was based on the Social learning theory by Albert Bandura. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The study population was composed of 638 Principals, 6,354 teachers and 65,969 form two students. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select students from 213 secondary schools. Purposive sampling technique was used to select teachers. Questionnaires and in-depth interview guide was used to collect data from the respondents. A pilot study was carried out to establish the reliability and validity of the data collection instruments. Qualitative data was transcribed and reported according to emerging themes while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as the frequency counts, means and percentages. Inferential statistics such as a t-test statistics was applied. The findings of the study indicated that the perceived psychological factors contributing to violent behavior were: anxiety problems, ethnic violence, mental problems and fear of being punished. The perceived physiological factors included: being physically strong; being older in school; having an average appearance; being the tallest in school; and having physical disabilities. Generally, analysis of the problem revealed that students regardless of their gender and/or type of school they attended perceived causes of violence alike. Recommendations of study were that: guidance and counseling be reinforced in schools; students with mental and psychological disorders should be referred to medical doctors and psychiatrists; students should be encouraged to participate actively in co-curricular activities; and diet in schools ought to be improved in order to meet the students’ physiological needs. Keywords: Aggression, perception, perceived factors, psycho-physiological factors, psychological factors, physiological factors, violent behavior.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Aggression, perception, perceived factors, psycho-physiological factors, psychological factors, physiological factors, violent behavior.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Assessment of the quality of training of non-formal education facilitators in the south-south political zone of Nigeria

*Shehu Bukar Gana, Ibrahim Yuguda and Mansur O. Idris

Abstract: In pursuance of the search for best practices in the execution of development agenda, the training of quality non-formal education (NFE) facilitators has been identified as an important agent for social engineering, community development and economic emancipation. The South-South political zone of Nigeria is a socially and economically backward environment. Which quality of NFE facilitators are turned out in this zone which may advance the cause of development? A self-designed evaluation model, named Biao’s non-formal education performance model, three research instruments and eight research questions were relied upon in the process of data collection within four of the six States making up the South-South political zone. The data were analysed using frequency distribution, means and percentages. Findings revealed that although education policy makers in the south-south zone, showed an understanding of the possible positive impact of non-formal education on development, they exhibited a dearth of information about adult and non-formal education; it was further found that there existed no NFE facilitators’ training institutes within the South-South zone and tertiary institutions’ academic departments of adult and non-formal education were too few to impact meaningfully on the population of this zone; additionally, it was found that the NFE facilitators’ training programmes run in only four academic departments of adult and non-formal education in the zone did not reflect the concerns of the millennium development goals; Although, 30 of the 35 trainers of NFE facilitators found to exist within the South-South zone at the time of this study were formally trained in the area of adult education, these trainers currently run defective facilitators’ training programmes to produce NFE facilitators for the zone; the South-South then was found to lack NFE facilitators both in qualitative and quantitative terms; unless urgent specific steps were taken, the South-South therefore cannot be seen to benefit in a foreseeable future from an enduring development legacy. Consequently, it was recommended that a South-South non-formal education summit whose aim will be to further sensitize and conscientize education policy makers about the development potentials of non-formal education should be held as a matter of urgency; also core adult and non-formal education courses which currently exist within training programmes for facilitators should be reviewed regularly and concerns of the millennium development goals should be made to reflect within NFE facilitators’ training programmes. Keywords: Quality education, non-formal education, Nigeria’s south-south zone; development.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Quality education, non-formal education, Nigeria’s south-south zone; development.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Problems of headteachers in the implementation of AIDS education in secondary school curriculum

*Mohammed Nkaissery, Sospeter Mwaura and R. E Dida

Abstract: Globally, the impact of Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the major challenges to all sectors of the society. In Kenya, HIV and AIDS was declared a national disaster in 1999. By 2003, the pandemic was given special attention by the Ministry of Education and the school curriculum was reviewed to integrate AIDS education. The purpose of this study was to investigate challenges facing headteachers in the implementation of AIDS education in secondary school curriculum in Busia, Bunyala and Samia Districts and find out how they were coping. Specifically, it focused on challenges in induction of teachers, provision of teaching and learning materials, supervision and evaluation of the teaching of AIDS education. Descriptive survey research design was used in this study. The study population was 56 headteachers, 423 teachers and 9784 students in 56 secondary schools in Busia, Bunyala and Samia Districts. The study sample consisted of 19 headteachers, 141 teachers, and 978 students in 19 secondary schools. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data was collected by questionnaires, interviews and document analysis. The data from closed ended questions was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as means and percentages and data from interviews and open ended questions were transcribed and organized into themes and sub-themes, categories and sub-categories as they emerged. The study found that in the implementation process the main challenges experienced were intricacies in integration of AIDS education in the curriculum, lack of specific objectives for AIDS education, time limitation, bureaucracy in securing learning materials, stigmatization, inadequate curriculum materials, negative cultural practices, legal issues pertaining to confidentiality and increased demand for performance. In coping with these challenges, the headteachers used the guidance and counseling personnel, sourced for funds from Non-governmental organizations and government agencies. Based on the findings, the study concluded that in spite of lack of objectives for AIDS Education the headteachers have the teacher personnel and the infused components of AIDS education which they should exploit on for successful implementation of AIDS Education. The study recommended that the Ministry of Education needs to incorporate specific objectives for AIDS Education in the curriculum to facilitate efforts in implementation. The findings of this study may be useful to the policy makers in realizing the challenges facing implementation of AIDS education in the districts; headteachers to discover successful strategies for implementation; and in providing baseline information for further research in the fight against HIV and AIDS in Busia, Bunyala and Samia Districts. Keywords: Challenges, Headteachers, Implementation, AIDS Education, Busia, Bunyala and Samia Districts, Kenya.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Challenges, Headteachers, Implementation, AIDS Education, Busia, Bunyala and Samia Districts, Kenya.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Self-Efficacy and test anxiety as correlates of academic performance

*Nenadi U. Turia, Atiku k. B. and Attahiru Bello Usman

Abstract: The study examined self-efficacy and test anxiety as correlates of academic performance among 249 undergraduate students of a university in Eastern Nigeria. General Self-efficacy Scale and Westside Test Anxiety Scale were used to assess self-efficacy and test anxiety respectively, whereas average score of students in two psychology degree courses were used to assess their academic performance. Results showed a significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and academic performance (.24, p < .001) and a significant negative correlation between test anxiety and academic performance (-.43, p< .001). Also, regression analysis showed a significant model emerged, F 2,246 =31.32, p[...] Read More.

Keywords: Self-efficacy, test anxiety, academic performance, university students, Nigeria.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Training of new teachers in public primary schools in Kenya: A case study of Bungoma East and North Districts

*Mohammed Nkaissery, Sospeter Mwaura and R. E Dida

Abstract: This study investigated induction needs of beginning teachers in public primary schools in Bungoma East and North districts, Kenya. The study used descriptive survey research design. The study population consisted of 228 head teachers, 228 deputy head teachers and 238 beginning teachers in 228 public primary schools in the two districts. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to sample 204 head teachers, 204 deputy head teachers and 113 beginning teachers. Two instruments were used for the study. These were questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Qualitative data was transcribed and analyzed on an on-going process as themes and sub-themes emerged. Quantitative data was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics inform of percentages, frequency counts and means. The findings of the study showed that beginning teachers should be inducted in the following areas; knowledge of school policies; how to adapt rapidly in new work environment, classroom management; operation of team work and time management. It was also found out that there was need to hold induction seminars regularly and enhance consultations and designation of experienced teachers as mentors to the beginning teachers. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that induction needs of beginning were many and needed to be addressed through seminars and mentoring. The study recommended that experienced teachers should work as a team; mentors to have regular consultations and the Ministry of Education to restructure the schools organizational systems to cater for individual needs of beginning teachers for effective induction of beginning teachers. Keywords: Beginning teachers, Bungoma East and North Districts, induction needs, primary schools, Kenya.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Beginning teachers, Bungoma East and North Districts, induction needs, primary schools, Kenya.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

The evaluation of Eskisehir Osmangazi University foreign languages department based on instructorsâ€™ opinions

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the English preparatory program based on instructors’ opinions at Eskisehir Osmangazi University Foreign Languages Department and to obtain their recommendations concerning how to improve the program. The participants of the study were 27 instructors who taught at the department in 2006-2007 academic year. In this study questionnaire technique containing Likert type questions to get some personal opinions was applied and opinions about the program were obtained via interview technique. The quantitative data was analyzed with frequency and percentage and the qualitative data was analyzed with descriptive analysis techniques. The findings of the study stated that the instructors were content with the program, the program was successful in teaching English and achieving the objectives, the evaluation process was carried out properly and the program met the needs of the students. On the other hand, the instructors also pointed out that the physical conditions of the prep school were not satisfactory and school-based in-service training programs were required for professional development. Keywords: Foreign language teaching, English preparatory program, curriculum development, curriculum.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Foreign language teaching, English preparatory program, curriculum development, curriculum.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

The interaction of sex with career day on the career decision making of secondary school adolescent students

*Ozeli Nathaniel, Ogboru K. T and Onobruche Samuel

Abstract: The study investigated the interaction of sex with career day on the career decision making of secondary school adolescents. It reviewed relevant literatures on and the process of making career decisions and also on career day outcome. Three hypotheses were developed for the study which was an experimental study that had an experimental and a control group. 120 students were randomly selected from two secondary schools in Uvwie Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. The Career Decision Making Process scale which measures awareness of career indecision and commitment to make a decision, personal interests, needs and abilities of adolescent students, information about occupational prospects, making a career decision by arranging alternatives in an order of priority and implementing a career decision was used to collect data from the subjects. The treatment package was the career day. Analysis of data revealed that career day had significant impact on the career decision making of the adolescent students. However, sex was not a significant factor and had no effect on the decision making process of the adolescent students. It was therefore concluded that whether one is male or female does not matter today in making a career choice. Therefore, career day remains a good intervention strategy for career information and awareness. Keywords: Career day, sex, career decision making, adolescent students.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Career day, sex, career decision making, adolescent students.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Provision of free education to all citizens: Justifiable or not in Nigeriaâ€™s context?

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: The issue of whether education should be free or not for all citizens in Nigeria has been contentious. Many people are contending that because education is a social service, which is meant to eradicate illiteracy, ensures comfortable living of the citizens, as well as the development of the country, it should be provided free for all citizens. The need for equity and egalitarianism, looming poverty, low manpower/literacy level in the country, also lend credence to this. Many are also arguing that education should not be free on the basis that anything that is free lacks quality. The parlous state of the country’s economy, perceived falling standard of education, unsatisfied admission demand into tertiary institutions, looming unemployment, as well as inadequate human, material and financial resources, are supportive of this argument. Against this backdrop, this paper examines the concept of free education and its background in Nigeria, the arguments in its favour and those against its adoption. It concludes by recommending measures such as the provision of scholarships and bursaries to pupils/students, introduction of minimal fee in educational institutions as a way of sharing the cost of education with Government, reaching out to international charity organizations to alleviate the burden of education provision by government and uplift the status of education in Nigeria. In the course of this paper however, information and data were gathered from literature to describe the concept and support the arguments raised.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Education, free, free education, citizens, justifiable, not justifiable, case.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

The attitude of teachers towards the teaching of English language sounds

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: The study investigated the attitude of (male and female) teachers towards the teaching of English Language sounds. A sample of two hundred teachers (one hundred and twenty females, eighty males) was randomly selected from public secondary schools in Ughelli South Local Government Area of Delta State. A twenty-two item, two-point scale questionnaire on Teachers’ Attitude towards the Teaching of English Sounds (TATES) was used to collect data. Analysis of data using percentages revealed that teachers have negative attitude and that there is no difference between the male and female teachers’ attitude towards the teaching of English sounds. Suggestions for improvement of their attitude towards the teaching of English sounds, among which are the organization of seminars and workshops to motivate teachers and the provision of language laboratories, were proffered. Keywords: Gender, Attitude, Teachers, Teaching, English Language[...] Read More.

Keywords: Gender, Attitude, Teachers, Teaching, English Language

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Peacefulness of Chinese teenagers in a high school

Deng Chan Lama

Abstract: Teenager’s peace tendency is one of the key factors for the peaceful world as they are the main part of peacemakers in the future. But there is little research on the extent to which Chinese teenagers endorse peacefulness. This paper reports the peacefulness of Chinese teenagers in a high school, where students come from two different areas. A new Chinese TNT scale is completed based on Mayton’s TNT. The result show s that Chine se teenagers are more peaceful than American teenagers. And the differences of peacefulness difference s are also discussed.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Peacefulness, nonviolence, Chinese teenagers

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

An overview on the willingness to communicate (WTC) across disciplines of Teaching Language (TL)

Rudi Afshar Jafari* and Milad Rafsanjani Deghati

Abstract: Willingness to communicate (WTC) has recently become an important concept across disciplines of Teaching Language (TL) and communication. It has been proposed that pedagogic goals should be to increase learners’ WTC so as to facilitate language learning. Some students seek, while others avoid, communication. Many language teachers have encountered students high in linguistic competence who are unwilling to communicate whereas other students, with only minimal linguistic knowledge, seem to communicate whenever possible. English teachers are highly suggested that they pave the way for the students to move beyond their linguistic or communicative competence as the primary goal of language instruction.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Willingness, communication, linguistic competence, communicative competence, self-perceived communication competence, affective variables.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Effect of task repetition on foreign language output

Al-Waleed Aziz Baz

Abstract: This study aimed to examine the effect of task repetition on foreign language output. Twenty eight Saudi female students in the Preparatory Year (PY) at King Saud University were randomly selected to conduct an oral information-gap task. The participants were asked to perform the task two times with two-week interval between the two performances. The oral performances were transcribed and analyzed to measure fluency and accuracy of language output. The collected data were coded for the two dimensions of oral production (fluency and accuracy), based on the established criteria. A within group dependent t-test for paired samples was computed to find out whether or not there were significant differences between the mean scores of the first and second performances. The findings revealed that task repetition resulted in significant differences in subjects’ oral discourse in terms of fluency and accuracy. The findings of the current study recommend that researchers and teachers might find it very beneficial to devote some of their time to design effective task repetition to help language learners improve their oral production. [...] Read More.

Keywords: Task repetition, language output, accuracy, fluency.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Economic development models of East Asian developmental states

Yoo Dae Kim Ji-tae

Abstract: The East Asian developmental states were so successful to transform their nation from the agrarian to the most advanced industrial state. Although it is believed that developmental state exists before the East Asian countries, most of the literatures give emphasis to the successful East Asian countries. All the developmental states in East Asia fulfill those requirements to be called as a developmental state. Additionally, these countries developed their own economic development models which can be taken as success factor of their development. In most of the research papers, the success of developmental states is not debating. The debating issue is whether or not the experience from East Asian developmental states can be replicated in the currently developing countries. Most authors lack confidence to recommend the applicability of East Asian developmental states success. However, as far as there is committed and strong leadership, both democracy and economic development can be implemented hand in hand. The current Ethiopian government from its beginning was democratic. The country was under dictator government and closed economy was the policy direction for 17 years before 1991. Now in Ethiopia, multiparty system exists, and power is accessed only by election. The country underwent four elections successfully in the past 20 years. Ethiopia’s economic development is impressive. The country is in a state of unprecedented economic development. This was made possible in this short period of time because of the characteristic of political leaders in Ethiopia. The state in the country shares most of the characteristics mentioned for developmental states. Moreover, there are strong grounds to implement the economic models of East Asia in the developing country, Ethiopia. There are similarities and differences between the Ethiopian and East Asian economic development models. The differences are the weakness of the state in Ethiopia, so there is a possibility to amend this by taking the experience from East Asia. Generally, Ethiopia is working as a democratic developmental state. The current situation in the country reflects this fact; therefore, the developmental state experience from East Asia can be implemented in the developing countries of Africa.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Ethiopia, East Asia, developmental states, Foreign Direct Investment, current government.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Borehole provision and sustainability to guarantee potable water availability for progressive poverty reduction in Ghana

Kofi Dramani Kingston

Abstract: This study establishes the prime essence of providing measures for borehole sustainability immediately after borehole provision to guarantee potable water availability for progressive poverty reduction. The sample size was 1,200 household respondents from eighty communities provided with boreholes selected by simple random sampling technique. Primary data were collected from the Atebubu and Afram Plains Districts in Ghana through the use of quantitative and qualitative research instruments. The study’s results show that 90.8% of survey respondents indicated that their community boreholes were “currently working”, as at the time of the survey. Also, 85.0% of the respondents indicated that their communities owned the boreholes, 99.5% indicated willingness on the part of community members to sustain boreholes, while 86.4% indicated that their households contribute funds as levies for borehole maintenance. Ensuring effective borehole sustainability practices is therefore quintessential to poverty reduction efforts. When boreholes become dysfunctional, poverty reduction processes become jeopardized and enter a reversal mode which if not resolved early, gains in poverty reduction are lost.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Boreholes, handpump sustainability, poverty reduction, WATSAN committee, operation and maintenance, community level management.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Review

Essentials in enhancing self-employed micro-entrepreneurs and home-based workers rights in Gondar, Ethiopia

Marcus H. Selassie* and Tirunesh Bekele Gerima

Abstract: This paper argues that home-based workers are not easily identified as either self-employed or dependent workers because these categories of employment status fail to capture gender subordination, which is particularly salient in the case of home-based work. Presenting the cases of home-based workers in Gondar, Ethiopia, this paper proposes that home-based workers should be treated as self-employed micro-entrepreneurs and be effectively organized to demand their rights. It is concluded that educating home-based workers about their rights is essential to enhancing their bargaining power within the family and community. [...] Read More.

Keywords: Home-based workers, gender subordination, micro-entrepreneurs, Gondar, Ethiopia.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Youth Empowerment and National Development in vocational education in Nigeria

Adejuwa F. Akimade, Segun D. D. and Gbenga I. Fayosa*

Abstract: This study investigated empowering the youths for sustainable national development through vocational education in South West zone of Nigeria. Three hypotheses were generated. The research design used for the study was the descriptive research design of the survey type. One thousand two hundred youths were selected through stratified random sampling technique from three randomly selected states in the zone. The research instrument used was a self-constructed instrument titled “Youth Empowerment and National Development Inventory” (YENDI). Face and content validities of the instrument were ensured and the reliability of the instrument was established at a value of 0.70 using the test re-test reliability method. The inferential statistical technique used for the data analysis in the study was Pearson Moment Correlation analysis. The result of the analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between capacity building (empowerment) and human capital formation; again, it was found that a strong correlation existed between capacity building and youth employability. It was further revealed that there was significant linkage between capacity building (empowerment) and social exclusion in South West Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended (among others) that vocational education must necessarily be central to any meaningful youth policy for human capital formation. [...] Read More.

Keywords: Capacity building, empowerment, national development, vocational education.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Functionality, usability assessment and challenges in the development of academic digital library in Oyo State, Nigeria

Ayegbeni Steven and Ajoko E. O Ernest*

Abstract: This study investigated the development of academic digital library in Oyo State, Nigeria. Attention was committed to the following areas: functionality, usability assessment and challenges. Survey method was employed. The result revealed that digital library is developing in Nigeria, and its functions are evident as it supplements printed information resources. Assessment of the use of digital library should be user centred; facilities and the environment then follow. The results show the challenges associated with the use of academic digital library in Oyo State; it ranges from lack of effective access, sustainability of the resources, unstable power supply and constraints in building the resources. The tool employed for this study was a structured questionnaire consisting of 15 items. 250 University students were sampled, using simple random sampling technique. The overall result suggested that development of academic digital library in Oyo State, Nigeria is making progress, but efforts should be made in finding a durable solution to the challenges that are posing threat to its use. The paper ends with a call to higher institutions in Nigeria, to include library digitization into their policies and plans for effective use and assessment. Meanwhile, recommendations were made for future research. [...] Read More.

Keywords: Digital information, information user, academic libraries, information communication technology

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Living arrangements of the elderly in demographic and socioeconomic terms in Ghana

John Mubuntu Kelly

Abstract: With the anticipated rapid increases in the population of the elderly in Ghana and the consequent greater potential need for comprehensive social welfare services, it is necessary and urgent to gain a firm understanding of the demographic, social, and economic characteristics of the elderly in Ghana who will be having special needs. Using data from the three ecological zones of Ghana collected in 2012, the study characterizes the living arrangements of the elderly in demographic and socioeconomic terms to portray the economic and social disadvantages experienced by the older population in Ghana. The age distribution of the older adults indicates that there are consistently more people at young and old age groups for each sex and for both sexes combined. As should be expected, there are more elderly women than men at the oldest old age group. Majority of the older population have no formal education (55% for both sexes, 22% for men and 33% for women). Overall, there are more elderly women than their male counterparts in Ghana. About 12% of older adults live alone, while women are more likely to live alone than men (14 versus 9%). Men are more likely to live with spouse than women (13 versus 6%). Although extended household living is still prevalent, there are great variations in living arrangements by sex. Women are much more likely than men to live in extended households (that is, living with spouse, children and others, as well as living with others). This is because taken together about 71% of elderly women live in these extended households as opposed to about 41% of older men. On the other hand, 37% of elderly men live in a nuclear household (consisting of spouse and children only), compared with 9% of older women. Logistic regression results showing the individual-level factors associated with two key living arrangements (living with children and grandchildren under age 15, and living with an adult child) by sex reveal that the background characteristics are significantly associated with the two types of living arrangements. As men age, they are more likely to live with children and grandchildren under age 15 but less likely to live with an adult child. Elderly women are more likely to live with an adult child. Additionally, elderly people are less likely to be living with children and grandchildren if they have some formal education. The result is in conformity with the modernization theory where one should expect the elderly living in less urbanized settlements and those with less education to be more likely to live with children and grandchildren. The government should continue to encourage more women to go beyond primary education and initiate moves toward providing universal old age security for women and men who attain a certain age (for example, 60 years for women and 65 years for men).[...] Read More.

Keywords: Ageing, elderly, Ghana, older, men, population, women.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Education as a tool for empowering women necessary for full participation in national development

Ukoko Destiny Omokiniovo

Abstract: Education is an important tool for empowering the individual with abilities and capabilities necessary for full participation in national development. The education of the woman is a huge asset to her nation. However, women had played second fiddle to men and they have been relegated to the background in various fields of human endeavour. The important roles women play in nation building is currently receiving deserved attention. Many women do not participate fully in political activities either because the society frowns at it or they are not educationally sound. Although there have been some improvement over the years, majority of women still lag behind men in power, wealth and opportunity. Many factors such as traditional, socio-cultural, socioeconomic and religion constraints inhibit women education and political participation. Though history has recorded some notable Nigerian women’s contribution to national development, much is still left undone. That the government should intensity the programmes for women education and ensure equitable representation of both sexes in political appointments were some recommendations proffered. Keywords: Women Education, Participation in Politics, Sustainable Development[...] Read More.

Keywords: Women Education, Participation in Politics, Sustainable Development

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Review

Action research in reflective EFL teaching

Milad Hashemi Jafari

Abstract: Reflective practice is “the persistent and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the ground that support it and the figure condition to which it tends”. As teachers, we need to know what is actually happening in our classroom, what learners are thinking and so on. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the proce sse s and procedure s of conducting action research as a particular way of looking at our practice in 12 classroom s. It also examines some of the procedure s of data collection which plays a crucial role in action research. This paper show s how action research can be conducted by teachers in any context regardless of their state or position[...] Read More.

Keywords: Reflective teac hing, action research

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Sustainable and optimal development concepts to mitigate deterioration of natural environment

Mba Febresima Gideon

Abstract: This article looks at the controversy surrounding the concepts of sustainable and optimal development and the path the present generation is taking, to reduce the deteriorating of the natural environment. The World Commission of Environment and Development (WCED 1987) defined sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs. In other words, it is development based on patterns of production and consumption that can be pursued into the future without degrading the human or natural environment. It involves the equitable sharing of the benefits of economic activity across all sections of society, to enhance the well-being of humans, protect health and alleviate poverty. Despite the wide publicity, the present generation seems not to catch up with the ideas and philosophy of the concept . Rather optimal development, development in totality that compromises the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs, is seen to be adopted in achieving the present economic agenda, both in developed and developing countries. The aim of this article is to examine the contradiction of both concepts and the extent to which the present generation has chosen as far as both concepts are concerned and its long term effects on the future generation. The article then concludes with special reference to the Ghanaian initiative towards sustainable development.[...] Read More.

Keywords: sustainable developments, optimal development, present generation, future generation

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Review

Impact of D-penicillamine (DPA) on HIV infection caused by vertical transmission

János Csupó Telkes

Abstract: D-penicillamine (DPA) was first recognized as a potential benefit for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (1974-1980) in the Department of Neonatology of Medical University of Debrecen, Hungary. During this time, there was a remarkedly low incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the infants treated with DPA. Later, studies by this author was replicated in other institutes in Hungary, and in the U.S., and India. It is important to note that there was no intolerance or short- or long-term toxicity of the medication, in spite of the fact that in the newborn period, DPA was used 10-20 times higher doses than in adult. On the basis of American research work concerning the beneficial effect of DPA-therapy in adult AIDS-patients, it would be reasonable to treat neonatal HIV-positivity due to vertical transmission with short-term DPA therapy.[...] Read More.

Keywords: D-penicillamine, neonatal, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), therapy.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

A survey on violent behaviours among adolescents and bereaved children in South West Nigeria

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: This study investigated the relationship that existed between certain identified factors of violent behaviours among bereaved children and adolescents. The descriptive research design of the survey type was used for the study. The population of the study are all the children and adolescents in South West Nigeria. A research instrument titled “Violent Behaviour Questionnaire” (VBQ) was used for gathering data. The instrument’s validity was ensured by subjecting it to experts in the Departments of Guidance and Counselling, Psychology, Tests and Measurement, Sociology and Human Kinetics. A reliability coefficient of 0.74 was obtained using Test-re-test Reliability and Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis. A sample of 584 was selected using simple and multistage sampling techniques. Copies of the instrument were personally administered by the research and trained research assistants. The result of the analysis revealed that the identified factors of violent behaviours, parents, residence, morality and teachers correlated significantly. It was recommended that the curriculum planners should incorporate bereavement counselling into the education curriculum to enable teachers, counsellors and students to learn and teach areas that will enhance identification of bereaved children and adolescents and to reduce the intensity and consequences of bereavement. The mass media and religious organisations and leaders should be able to counsel and educate the members of the society on areas that could alleviate the intensity of grief and bereavement.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Children, adolescents, bereavement, violent behaviour.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Relationship between motor skills and psychomotor achievement in Physical Education in Cross River State, Nigeria

Edet Ubong Eket*, Tobechukwu Oluchukwu and T. O. Sadjere

Abstract: This study investigates the effect of motor skills and flexibility on psychomotor achievement of secondary school students in Physical Education in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State. To achieve the objectives of this study, two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Literature was reviewed according to the hypotheses directing the study. Two hundred respondents were randomly selected through simple random sampling technique. Motor skills such as: running, walking, jumping and kicking was used for this investigation. A questionnaire was designed by the researchers with the help of some measurement experts that gave its face and content validity. To test the hypotheses and to ascertain whether to accept or reject them, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis was considered appropriate because of the nature of variables involved. The 0.05 level of significance was used for the statistical testing of each hypothesis with critical values and degrees of freedom. The result shows that there is a significant effect of motor skills and flexibility on psychomotor achievement of secondary school students in Physical Education. Based on the findings of this study, the result of the statistical analysis indicates that the calculated r-value of 0.64 is greater than the critical r-value of 0.138 at 0.05 level of significance with 198 degrees of freedom. The result is significant and the null hypothesis was rejected while the result of the statistical analysis indicates that the calculated r-value of 0.701 is greater than the critical r-value of 0.138 at 0.05 level of significance with 198 degrees of freedom. The result is significant and the null hypothesis was also rejected. Recommendations such as: adequate and regulated exercises contribute to good health and well-being of an individual, therefore, Physical Education students should be allowed to take active part in physical activities; students should be encouraged to participate in different types of physical activities; properly selected and meaningful conducted activities would improve self-image, develop strength, and other desirable physical qualities; and finally parents/guardians should encourage their wards to participate in different types of physical activities that are meaningful and also promote good health and longevity, were proposed. [...] Read More.

Keywords: Physical Education, motor skills, flexibility, psychomotor achievement.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Review

Conceptualization for the construct of parental authority

Arnon Topol Oseary

Abstract: The issue of “parental authority” has been the focus of social interest for many generations, however, in recent times, in light of the increasing violence and other abnormal phenomena among children and adolescents, it is gaining greater attention from the public. Due to the opacity around the concept’s essence, the goal of this article is to establish detailed and profound conceptualization for the construct of parental authority, while relying on relevant theoretical and empirical literature. Analysis of the concept has shown that it is a bi-dimensional theoretical construct (power and legitimacy), with its dimensions sharing four main aspects: (a) parental power: parental demandingness, and parental potential influence on the child’s behavior, (b) legitimate parental authority: the parent’s right to demand, and the child’s obligation to obey. Parental authority is expressed under parent-child conflict (disagreement), while its extant varies according to child’s age and the specific context in which it appears.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Parental authority, children, power, legitimacy.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Review

Dynamics of Ethio-Eritrean distinct identity under the historical prism

Akosua Pele Mahama* and Kwadwo Yeboah Desailly

Abstract: Civil strife continues to engulf the continent of Africa with devastating political effects. Countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Rwanda, Sudan and Somalia have suffered recurrent civil wars over the past three decades. Towards the end of the twentieth century, Africa experienced a surge of ethnic conflicts. Ethnic identity continues to be a potent force in contemporary politics as it was in the colonial era. It has been established that Africa’s ethnic disturbances have occurred more within national borders, thus giving rise to unstable domestic systems. These conflicts mostly arise out of disagreements over a plethora of issues including land, chieftaincy, resource allocation and environmental issues. The purpose of this paper is, thus, to present some critical issues related to the contentious debate on the Ethio-Eritrean historiography. The Ethiopianist’s assertion of the Ethiopianness of Eritreans and the counter colonialist thesis of Eritrean nationalists have been studied under two divergent schools of thought that have produced multifarious ramification on the historiography of the states. The researchers contend that the root of this divergence is the intellectual dependency of the post-colonial scholars of the region on the colonial knowledge fabric about the state which, in turn, is worsened by the politicized historical socialization spearheaded by both the Ethiopianist and Eritrean nationalists. Thus, the divergence is rested on the failure of the intellectuals of the region in rediscovering or revisiting the diverse interconnections among the people coming out of the territory with centric colonial mentality transplanted towards Africa during the colonial conquest. Thus, this paper tries to depict the tides of such mind set.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Ethio-Eritrean historiography, intellectual dependency, political socialization

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Career aspirations of students in Engineering and Technical and Vocational education hampered by their performance

Tinibu B. K., O. N. J. Orji, Olokpobri H. K., Ojorfor N. Prince * and A. A. Jaoji

Abstract: Students’ prospects for career pursuits in engineering and technical and vocational education (TVE) were being hampered by their poor performances in Technical and Engineering Drawing (T.E.D.) as a core engineering subject. This study investigated the career aspirations of students in engineering and technical and vocational education due to their good performance in T.E.D. and their contributions to society. Using the structured questionnaire to collect data from students and teachers of three technical colleges in Adamawa State, the study found that students’ career aspirations due to their good performance in T.E.D. include electrical and electronic engineering, mechanical engineering, and technical and vocational education (TVE). Students’ likely contributions to society from their career choices in engineering and TVE, due to their good performance in T.E.D. include town planning, engineering contracting, land use development and entrepreneurship development. Testing at a 0.05 level of significance, the study also established that significant differences did not exist between the mean scores of students and teachers on the career aspirations of students and the students’ likely contributions to society from their career choices in engineering and TVE. Factors that militated against the performance of the students in T.E.D. towards an effective career choice in engineering and TVE are poor background of students, truancy, and language of instruction of the teacher, among others. However, no significant difference existed between the mean scores of students and teachers on the factors militating against the performance of students in T.E.D. which affect the students’ career choices in engineering and TVE. The study has recommended among others, the training and retraining of T.E.D. teachers, equipping of drawing studios and the provision of a stand-by power plant to guarantee stable power supply.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Performance, technical and engineering drawing, career choice, engineering, technical and vocational education.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Review

Education as a tool for resolving conflicts and enhancing national security in Nigeria

Ataseriaba O. E. Henry

Abstract: The persistent religious conflicts and insecurity in Nigeria has given meaningful Nigerians a deep concern in recent times. Many of them wonder why religion which used to be the cohesive factor and core of national unity, peaceful co-existence and national development has become a tool for political manipulation, violence, destruction of lives and property in Nigeria in contemporary time. This paper examines education as a catalyst for resolving conflicts and enhancing national security in Nigeria. The paper first of all defined the terms that are used in this presentation. It also makes a review of some religious conflicts experienced in Nigeria together with their causes and the effects. Furthermore, the paper examined education in Nigeria as a catalyst for sustenance of national security. The paper utilized both secondary sources and observation methods for data collection and presentation. Finding from the research reveals that religious conflicts and insecurity are endemic in Nigeria in the last two decades. The Muslims and Christian adherents have fought wars in Nigeria than they had actually fought for peace, thereby threatening peaceful co-existence and national insecurity among the citizenry. The paper recommends among others, that the government should employ meaningful ways such as education and inter-faith dialogue to enhance peaceful co-existence and national security in Nigeria.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Religious conflicts, education, national security, Nigeria.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

A contrast on the emotional intelligence of adolescent boys and girls

Mahatma F. Bachchan*, Rabindranath N. L and Srinivasa H. Azad

Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare adolescent boys and girls on emotional intelligence. Male and female adolescents (N=100 each) were randomly selected from four high and higher secondary schools of Educational Zone Yaripora (District -Kulgam, Kashmir, India). Emotional intelligence scale by Hyde and his colleagues was used for the collection of data. „t‟ Test was used to analyze the data. After analysis of the results, the following were found. Adolescent boys and girls differ significantly so far as their self-motivation is concerned. Adolescent boys are found to be more responsible, better able to make intelligent decisions using a healthy balance of emotions and reasons. There is significant difference between adolescent boys and girls so far as their integrity is concerned. Boys are found to be more aware of their weakness than girls. Their belief is also found to be stronger than that of girls. Adolescent boys differ significantly from adolescent girls on “self-development” dimension of emotional intelligence. Boys are found to be more popular and better linked by their peers than girls. There is a significant difference between adolescent boys a nd girls so far as their value -orientation is concerned. Boys are found to be better in maintaining the standards of inte grity. Adole scent boys and girls differ significantly on composite score of their emotional intelligence. Boys are found to have higher level of emotional intelligence than girls. [...] Read More.

Keywords: Emotional intelligence, adolescent boys, adolescent girls, emotional stability, managing relations, empathy and altruistic behavior.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Significant influence of chronological age on doping behaviours of sportsmen in Nigeria

Edjerunuketa O. Nathaniel, Okpara J. Micheal and R. O. David

Abstract: The use of drugs in sports regardless of chronological age of sportsmen and women to gain an unfair advantage over opponents is not only repressive but dangerous to the health of the athletes. This study examined the extent to which the chronological age of elite athletes in Nigeria is closely connected to their use of doping substance s (ergogenic, psychoactive and multiple drugs). A total of 510 sportsmen and women from eleven popular sports in Nigeria were selected purposefully using simple and stratified random sampling techniques. A structured que stionnaire was used to collect relevant data for the study. The data collected were analyzed using de scriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Findings revealed that there was a significant influence of chronological age on doping behaviours of sportsmen and women in Nigeria . Significant relationship was not found with respect to age and sex interaction effect on doping behaviours of sportsmen and women. Researchers advised that athletes’ support personnel should closely and purposefully monitor sportsmen and women in Nigeria during training se ssion to save Nigeria from embarrassment and disgrace being placed on countrie s whose athletes are caught using doping substances.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Chronological age, correlate, elite athletes, doping behaviour, doping substanc es.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Damage controls of library materials in federal Universities in Cross River and Akwa Ibom State

Attahiru K. O*, Ottong Ubong and E. Y. Edet

Abstract: This paper aims to inve stigate the level of Disa ster management and preservation of Library materials in tertiary institutions, Akwa Ibom and Cross River States, Nigeria. A structured que stionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection with librarians in University of Calabar, Cross River State University of Technology (CRUTECH) and University of Uyo as re spondents; Findings of the survey show that all the respondents were aware of occurrence s of disaster, but there has not been major catastrophe s in the se institutions. In the area of disa ster preparedness the se institutions are aware of several safeguard techniques, although they have not fully installed needed equipments and facilitates. The findings of the study place the universities on a very low score in relations to ability to re spond rapidly to disa ster and concrete plans of action for recovery and disa ster control. [...] Read More.

Keywords: Disaster management; Library materials; Federal universities; Disaster preparedness; Safeguard techniques

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Analytical study on the causes and possible solutions to apathy among undergraduate students

Werikhe F. Bagiire*, Omara Oculi Lalani and Benjamin Atubo Serwanga

Abstract: This study focused on the causes of apathy among undergraduate students in Makerere University using the College of Education and External Studies, School of Education as the case study. It sought to establish the causes and possible solutions to the challenge of academic apathy among undergraduate students. The study adopted a descriptive cross sectional survey case study design, and a total of 359 respondents comprising students, the college academic and non-academic staff and purposively sampled students’ parents/guardians were interviewed. It was established that there are institutional, administrative, and students based causes of apathy and the solutions are pegged to the specific cause.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Economics of education, apathy, philosophy of education, socialization and education.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Challenges and prospects of monetization policy in Nigerian public service

Tunde Felanin Makinwa

Abstract: The Monetization Policy introduced to the Nigerian Public Service in 2003 became the major landmark and the most dramatic departure from the past administrative reforms in Nigeria since independence in 1960. It has laudable and lofty set goals for both the government and its primary audience, (Public Servants). However, lots of questions, misconception, criticisms and cynicism have trailed its implementation. The foregoing has spurred this study. The study aimed at examining the thrust of the policy, its impact on the stakeholders and public service delivery; and its attendant challenges. The study employed primary and secondary sources of data collection. The findings showed that the realities on the ground were mock-modesty, not so much worthwhile as contemplated nation-wide, and have taken its tolls on the system. It was suggested by the study that an urgent review in the implementation strategy of the policy should take place in line with what obtains in the private sector or in some extra-ordinary parastatals in Nigeria, since it has come to stay.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Government, monetization, policy, fringe benefits, public service, public servants.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Review

Empowering women economically and paying unpaid house workers

Ali Saïdi-Sief Bendjedid

Abstract: House work is a disputed area. We know that house members need to be fed, their laundry cleaned, living quarters tidied and when there are children, elderly or disabled individuals in the household, they need to be looked after and cared for. Getting the housework done usually requires cooperation and sometimes negotiation amongst members living together in order for responsibilities to be distributed fairly between two individuals who are usually the woman and the man, wife and husband, mother and father. However, in most cases, we find that women do more house work than men, even when both of them have jobs and contribute to the process of creating income. Although there is no objection to the fact that house work is both time consuming and laborious, women are not paid for it, and in all cultures it is regarded as a woman’s natural responsibility. This article explores three important issues. First, the equal share of unpaid house work between men and women helps women gain more labor market opportunities. Secondly, the need to acknowledge women’s unpaid house work in a country’s GDP, and finally, paying women for house work creates an incentive for women in poor developing countries to stay at home and take care of their own families and raise their own children, instead of working as maids and nannies in rich developed countries.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Unpaid work, domestic work, the second shift, house work, child care, equal share, gender, time availability, relative resources, autonomous women.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Students levels of motivation to learn database applications using the project-based learning method

Mohammad Bakr Umar

Abstract: This quasi-experimental study aimed to measure the impact of project-based learning and the ARCS motivation model on students’ motivation to acquire the necessary database applications skills in the secondary level. This study adopted a quasi-experimental methodology based on pre- and post-tests for two groups of students. Two classes of the second secondary grade were selected; one to be the experimental group and the other representing the control group. A sample of 65 students was chosen and divided into two classes enrolled in the second secondary grade. The database programs were explained to the students in the control group using traditional teaching methods, which involve the teacher first explaining the concepts, and then giving the students the opportunity to apply their practical computer skills in the laboratory. Students in the experimental group were taught using project-based learning strategies. At the beginning of the semester, students were given projects that they needed to complete by the end of the course. In addition, the ARCS motivation model was applied to the subject matter, whereby additional subject matter was added to the student book, making the database sections more attractive and relevant to the students by including real-life examples. The results showed that students in the experimental group (the project-based learning group) achieved higher post-curriculum test grades and obtained higher grades on the motivational scale.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Project-based learning, database applications, ARCS motivational model.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Effectiveness of online marking for essay-type assignments in management courses

Heath Minogue Wilson*, Kylie Blanchett Murdoch and Rose Cave Freeman

Abstract: In this study, we explored staff and student perceptions of online marking processes for essay-type assignments in management courses. Focus-group discussion results generated from content analyses were presented, with data collected from 19 staff and 17 students of different management courses within one of the universities in Queensland, Australia. The results revealed a pattern of keywords and phrases used by both staff and students to describe their perceptions of online marking. Furthermore, three themes associated with the keywords and phrases were found to demonstrate the similarities and differences in their perceptions. The relationship between these themes of assignment handling, contact with staff, and marking and feedback is illustrated in a proposed model. Implications of our findings for theory and practice were presented.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Online assignment marking, electronic learning, staff and student perceptions.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Managers and teachersâ€™ opinion of distance education in Kurdistan high schools

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: Distance education is a method in which the learner does not attend physically in the class and training environment. The most important difference between distance education and other methods is the physical distance between learners, teachers and educational institution. This method of teaching has solved the problem of distance in order to provide learning knowledge and skills. The main purpose of this research was to study barriers (information technology, educational planning system, administrative and financial) centers of distance education from managers and teachers’ opinion in Kurdistan high schools. The study was a descriptive survey and the population of the research included all management and teachers (94 in number) in the Education year 2011. The sample of the study consisted of all 18 schools managers and 76 teachers who were familiar with different aspects of the system. Samples were selected via multistage random cluster. The instrument of the study was a questionnaire with 35 closed-item questions at Likert scale designed by the researcher, and one open-ended question offered to managers and teachers for the purpose of the promotion of distance education programs. In order to analyze data from the Statistical analysis of variance, t-test was used. The findings showed that among the many barriers of implementation of distance education in the given institutions, the following barriers can be mentioned: non-usage of information technology and non-access to these technologies, dedicating insufficient hours to teach specialized lessons and not having discipline in providing educational material, not having optimal managerial and official systems of distance education, having skilled persons such as educational, computer, … experts, financial inability of students in paying costs and not having financial support for students in these centers. Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between teachers and administrators’ perspectives about the barriers of information technology and educational planning system of distance education, but there is no significant difference between financial and official barriers of distance education.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Distance education, barriers of distance education, guidance schools, high schools, information technology.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Review

A comparative study between Kuwait and Britain level of understanding the scope of free speech in both countries

Mahmoud Rudi Mousavi

Abstract: The relationship between media freedom and the individual right to free speech is a complex and nuanced one, such that the former should not simply be conflated with the latter. A number of high profile cases have demonstrated that expressing opinion on social media can be subject to criminal prosecution. Before shedding the light on the Kuwaiti courts’ approach to penalizing political opinions published on twitter and comparing the Kuwaiti court decisions to British court decisions in similar cases, this paper will begin with understanding the concept of liberty, the difference between liberty and human rights, the source of liberty and the danger of using the harm principle, the caretaker and the utopia principles to issue laws which may appear ostensibly to protect people but curtail the important freedom of expression instead.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Freedom of expression, freedom of speech, social media, liberty, Kuwait, Britain, harm principle, caretaker principle, utopia principle, constitution, defamation.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Review

Project evaluation of innovative and novel community-based schooling system established by the foreign students

Tsung-Dao Pei, Kai-shek O. Jiang, Charles Wong Howe and Cao U. Laozi

Abstract: This paper presents the concept, results and the project execution and evaluation of an innovative and novel, community-based schooling system established by the foreign students of Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an, China at the university campus for the children of foreign students under the patronage of university administration. The authors conceived the idea to institute a community-based education system for the school-going children of the foreign students after analyzing their intellectual and emotional quotients. The project was executed purely on the basis of project management principles and this paper contributes in showcasing the whole concept behind this project. This paper was written after evaluating the performance of all the stake holders involved and a role model is presented here to be replicated in alike scenarios. This paper also spot lights the phenomenal improvement in the five quotients of the school-going children namely: intelligence, emotional, physical, cultural and spiritual.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Community-based schooling system, quotients, project management, school, foreign students, China.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Review

Analytical study of the Pedagogy of Sri Aurobindo Ghosh

Ranvid Sagal Anikesh

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to analyze the pedagogy as envisaged by Sri Aurobindo Ghosh. For conducting this study, philosophical and historical methods were employed. The primary and secondary sources related to Sri Aurobindo Ghosh’s educational philosophy were evaluated after detailed analysis. The general philosophical tools used for the study was induction, deduction, dialectical analysis and synthesis. The study revealed that Sri Aurobindo Ghosh’s system of education was psychological. His pedagogy is particularly rooted in individual attention and promotes creativity, encourages dialogue and attempts all-round development of the individual. Sri Aurobindo Ghosh advocated the method of discovery and activity, he believed in self-teaching that is how to learn and not to impart knowledge. The study further revealed that in future, teacher need not bind himself either to the ancient or the modern system but select only the most perfect and rapid means of mastering knowledge and the teacher should put the child onto the right road, to become perfect and encourage him to follow it, watching, suggesting, helping but not interfering.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Aurobindo Ghosh, educational philosophy, pedagogy

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Specialized training organized among educated youths to help reduce road accidents of motorbikes

Nusrat AkramSharif*, Malala K. Aslam and Zulfikar Abbas Ali Khan

Abstract: Motorbike collision affects the victim as well as other members of the community and society around the victim. Training of a motorbike rider plays a vital role in this social event. The objective of this study is to investigate and quantify the trainings among educated youth which is responsible in reducing the road accidents of motorbikes. The study consisted of the students of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan as universe with a 500 sample size which was selected through convenient sampling and data were collected with the help of questionnaires. Greater proportion of the respondents did not have a license for riding motorbike, while greater proportion of the license holders got their license without skill test. Respondents had little awareness about road signs and personal protective equipments related to motorbike riding. This research article suggests that traffic or road safety department should improve the law enforcement and licensing system, encourage the monitoring of the riding schools with international standard, and do campaigns about motorbike riding trainings for motivating motorbike riders. [...] Read More.

Keywords: Training, motorbike riding, educated youth, road accident, collision.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Review

Educational philosophy of Swami Vivekananda

Satyajit Ray Khan* and Chandra Raj Ambani

Abstract: Oxford Dictionary defines education as the process of receiving or giving systemic information, especially at a school, college or university. Dictionary.com defines education as the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. Swami Vivekananda was an Indian Monk, who toured almost the whole world but whose philosophy was deeply rooted in ancient Indian wisdom where education is acquired from spiritual life. For him, education was enlightenment. Teacher was the person who dispels darkness of evils. “Acharya (Headmaster) was a person who provides exemplary leadership by conducting himself. Education system was to take care of complete health, that is, physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being with a core of ethics and morality. He devised the idea that true education aims at life-building, man-making and character-developing. His Spiritual Humanism Philosophy of Education showed that education can be used as a tool to achieve „social justice‟ and for resolution of all ethnic, religious, racial or social conflicts by propagating the idea of “Common Origin of Soul” and “Oneness of Soul.”[...] Read More.

Keywords: Conflict resolution, education, philosophy, religion, social justice, spiritual education, spiritual humanism, Swami Vivekananda.

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Skills to optimize the effectiveness of natural teaching moments and to promote the childâ€™s reliance on auditory signal

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: Hearing loss is the most common congenital disorder in newborns. Children with insufficient access to sound are at considerable risk for speech, language, and academic delays. This pilot study evaluated vocabulary gains over a 5-month period when children with hearing loss in South Vietnam were taught by teachers of the deaf who had participated in a specialized training program provided by the Global Foundation For Children With Hearing Loss to learn effective teaching strategies to promote listening and spoken language development. Results were compared to vocabulary gains of children whose teachers had not participated in the Global Foundation’s program. Results of this pilot study demonstrated that children with hearing loss achieve better outcomes when they receive services from well-trained professionals who have the specialized skills and expertise to effectively implement listening and spoken language strategies to optimize language development and educational achievement. The importance of establishing strong infrastructure to support newborn hearing screening, use of advanced hearing technology, and appropriate and intensive early intervention services are also discussed. [...] Read More.

Keywords: Hearing loss, vocabulary, teacher training, spoken language, Vietnam

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) integration in the primary school curriculum in Uganda

Kassim Mugabi Bhasker*, Eddy Obote p'Bitek and Tito Matthew Kiprotich

Abstract: This study investigates how Information and Communication Technology (ICT) integration in the primary school curriculum is managed in Uganda. School management practices were conceptualized as planning, organization and coordination. The dependent variable is ICT integration. The study is a cross sectional survey using mainly quantitative data. The population comprised teachers and school head teachers in Mukono District in Uganda. Data were collected using self administered questionnaires using a likert scale. The major finding of this study was that planning, coordination and organization significantly impacts ICT integration. A multiple regression analysis revealed that all the management practices had a casual effect on ICT integration. Recommendations are made that the state should formulate and implement policies to schools to regulate ICT implementation and offer support to school management to enhance their management practices in order to manage the ICT integration process into the curriculum. Based on the research, we propose that more software and hardware should be made available to schools. Further research may measure the management styles and change management strategies that may be adopted in order to successfully integrate ICT into the primary school curriculum. Such a study may be triangulated with the qualitative views from the respondents.[...] Read More.

Keywords: ICT integration, school management practices, planning, coordination, organization

2016, 4(1), 1-6;

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