MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

Research Article

Concerning systemic educational alignment: Moving beyond neoliberal discourse

Dr. Nicholas Zarb

Abstract: Further education is perceived to be education’s Cinderella. To combat such a perception, a new metaphor of organizational alignment is delineated, drawing upon the importance of collaboration among different FE organizations. Current alignment theory is based on the premise of competition among such organizations, whereas its application in education is based on neoliberal theory. Such theories are generally eclectic in nature focusing on a number of attributes, such as strategy, mission, employees, clients, and social capital. While these attributes are important, organizational alignment may be better perceived as an organizational capability. A pragmatic approach is utilized to demonstrate the problems inherent in the neoliberal formulation of alignment. Problems include the role of actors within the educational system and the way alignment is perceived by such actors. Furthermore, collaboration, based on organizational networking, may helpfully lessen these problems and create a healthy and vibrant FE sector.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Further education; organizational alignment; neoliberalism; pragmatism; organizational networking.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Case Study

Impact of distance education on marital stability as perceived by female students at selected Nairobi Public Universities

Otieno Caroline Marygorety Akinyi

Abstract: Long-distance relationships are becoming increasingly common. Studies show that about one third of all dating relationships among university students are long distance. The study attempts to investigate how socialization and gender outcomes in public universities, interact with distance learning status to predict marital stability from the perspective of female students. The objective of this paper is to investigate how gender and long distance studies affect marital stability. It integrates analysis of gender and relationship security in predicting stability of long-distance relationship. The study thus connects the distance relationships to the distance learning associated gender needs among female students and the resultant stability in their marital lives. The study design used mainly qualitative paradigm using case study approach and 10 Focus Group Discussion between 8-10 female students together using structured questionnaires to collect data from married students. 120 female students were purposively sampled to determine their consequent marital situations. The findings reveal that physical separation of partners is associated with increased distress and depression and reductions in relationship satisfaction. The continuous separation over a prolonged period of time due to educational needs has a direct impact on marital stability.[...] Read More.

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2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Building efficient educated citizens in South Western Nigeria

Aanuoluwapo S.A and Babalola A.P

Abstract: This paper examines strategies of developing functional literate citizens in Western Nigeria because it is believed that the problems of unemployment in the area are caused by the non-functional literacy programmes that have been on for long. The aim of the study is to promote the teaching of functional literacy to adults and those who are out of the formal school system so that they can effectively tackle their unemployment situation and then solve their socio-economic problems.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Functional literacy, basic literacy, unemployment, literacy development, western region, gainful employment.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Access to guidance and counseling services and its influence on Studentsâ€™ school life and career choice

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: A study was conducted to examine the influence of secondary school students’ access to guidance and counseling services on school life, attitude towards studies and career choices. The study used descriptive and correlation designs with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire from 152 students; and interview guide to 16 administrators and teachers who are directly involved in guidance and counseling services. The findings reveal that the services offered in the selected schools included: academic, health, moral, and spiritual matters. Although no trained counselor was found, the services offered proved to be moderately effective in influencing students’ study life; and effective in shaping students’ attitude towards studies and career choice. Out of 152 student respondents, only 10(6.6%) reported that they have not been counseled at any moment. Accessing the services showed significant correlation with students’ attitude towards studies and career choice (p = 0.00 at α = 0.05). Likewise, significant relationship was observed between students’ attitude towards studies and career choice (p = 0.015 at α = 0.05). It was concluded that accessing guidance and counseling services has an effect in shaping students’ attitude towards studies and career choice.[...] Read More.

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2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Instructor and student experiences of e-learning at a Tanzanian University

Msonde Sydney Enock and Van Aalst, Jan

Abstract: The establishment of e-learning in higher education institutions in Tanzania has so far led to disappointing learning outcomes. The strategy used by instructors to practice e-learning and their ways of working with technologies does not encourage active learning, which in turn hampers student learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore students’ and instructors’ practices of e-learning in Tanzania higher education. The study examined the e-learning experiences of 8 instructors and 120 students at a major university. Data sources included questionnaires administered to the students; interviews with selected students, the instructors, and technicians who provided technical support; and observation of classroom activities and the online learning environment. All qualitative data were analysed through a coding strategy, and quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 16. The results showed that e-learning designs and pedagogical strategies used prevented students from learning collaboratively. The instructors’ experiences of and e-learning designs reflected informational baseline modes of e-learning course delivery. Similarly, the students’ experiences and practices of e-learning were influenced by unreflective e-learning designs and pedagogical strategies resulting in low student involvement in learning. The conclusion is that e-learning designs were inadequate for students to achieve meaningful interactions and substantial learning outcomes.[...] Read More.

Keywords: E-learning, higher education, instructor experiences, student experiences, developing Countries.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

How provision for ADHD can be made within Schools

Mohaned Abed

Abstract: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) impacts on the social, emotional and academic progress of children, resulting in significant distress and worry on them those to whom they are linked, either directly or indirectly, such as parents, teachers and peers. ADHD is a psychological condition seen frequently in children (Rowland, Lessene and Abramowitz, 2002). Principal ADHD symptoms comprise inappropriate degrees of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity (World Health Organization, 1992). However, children with ADHD require special education, and this paper believes that such children will succeed and achieve more success in schools if appropriate and regular assistance is provided.[...] Read More.

Keywords: ADHD, diagnosis, symptoms, Co-morbidity, assessment of ADHD, intervention, treatment.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Preparation, characterization and kinetic study of metal complexes derived from N5 acyclic ligand

Omar Hamad Shehab AL- Obaidi, Taghreed M.Musa, Mahmod N.Al-jibouri

Abstract: The complexes of a new pentadentate acyclic ligand derived from 1,2-diamino benzene and 2,6-diacetylpyridine with vanadium(IV), Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) have been synthesized. Metal to ligand ratio in all complexes has been found to be 1:1. The polydentate ligand behaves as N5 system upon linkage with Cr (III), Fe (III), Mn(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) ions. All the complexes have been assigned octahedral stereo chemistry, while VO (IV) complex was square pyramid. The thermodynamic parameters such as ∆G*, ∆H* and ∆S* are calculated from the curve of logKs verse temperature. It is found that Ni (Π) and Cu (II) are the most stable complexes from the data of formation constant and Gibbs free energy.[...] Read More.

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2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Scientific Communication: Who wants to be an Anaesthesiologist?

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: There is great improvement in the practice of anaesthesiology in the 21st century when compared with the past. Anaesthesiology can only be studied after obtaining a medical qualification. The knowledge and appropriated skills are acquired during a specialist or fellowship training programme; while the duration of study may vary from country to country and is programme-specific. The innovations, high monitoring standard and technology available in modern times has made the delivery of anaesthesia to surgical patients very safe. Anaesthesiology remains a stressful medical profession but it provides diverse opportunities. It offers an exceptionally wide career prospect outside the operating room, as well as skills for team management and leadership positions.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Anaesthesiologist, anaesthesia history, training programme, skills, career diversity.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Effective strategies for teaching chemistry

Yazachew Alemu Tenaw

Abstract: The main objectives of this study is forwarding the important strategizes( method of teaching and instructional media) that are commonly encounter to teach science subjects especially chemistry at Debre Markos College of Teacher Education, Ethiopia. The study is conducted by comprising the research results conducted before and also including class room observation and exchanging ideas from the colleagues. The study tried to asses all the possible strategies widely used to teach chemistry subject.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Chemistry, method of teaching, instructional materials, classroom observation, science subjects.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Review

The professional learning community in special education schools: The principal's role

Yonath Amos,* Yitzhak R. A and Dayan Ada

Abstract: The concept of a professional learning community is characterized by the networks of learning processes which exist among its members, where teachers continuously deliberate with one another on how to solve problems that relate to teaching and learning. Interestingly, whereas a growing number of studies have focused on how to promote collective thinking and learning networks among general public school teachers, as well as between general and special education personnel in inclusive contexts, the notion of professional learning communities has not been explicitly deliberated and empirically investigated in the context of special education schools. The present article attempts to fill in this gap in the professional literature and explore the concept of a professional learning community in special education schools. The conceptual framework of the professional learning community is described, followed by an explanation of the importance of learning communities in special education, focusing on the principal's role in nurturing a learning community in special education schools.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Professional learning community, special education, principals.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Case Study

Survey of computer aided design software users in Jeddah, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A case study

Ibrahim .Y. Vaid

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the most used computer aided design software by architects, interior designers, and design-build (AIDB) companies in Jeddah, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The findings would help local higher educational institutes in deciding on what computer aided design software to teach most often, so that graduates would have a smooth transition from school life to the real-world. The paper would also help new businesses and those who are in the process of starting new businesses to invest in the right computer aided design software. Face-to-face surveys were conducted with local AIDB companies to find out what software they are using the most and why they prefer to use it.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Computer aided design software, Saudi female, Jeddah, higher educational institutes, universities.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Review

Empowering women through credit facilities for sustainable development in the developing countries

Matthew Borode

Abstract: This paper is set out to examine the empowerment for women trough credit facilities in the developing countries. Too much are often expected from women both at the monogamy and polygamy setting. Some women are the bread winners of their family, why some supplement the efforts of their husbands. Many find it difficult to make two ends meet, thereby resulting in junk food vendors or petty trading. Access to credit facility will afford them the opportunity of having stable economic and overall development for themselves, families and the nation in general.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Women, empowerment, credit, money-making venture, junk food, entrepreneurship, sustainable.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Teaching-learning quality assurance benchmarks and characteristics that promote learner outcomes among public administration students at Uganda Management Institute: An exploratory study

Benon C. Basheka*, James L. Nkataand and Maria B. Barifaijo

Abstract: In today’s academic environment, leaders at higher educational institutions face increasing demands as stakeholders’ expectations rise and resources diminish (Randall and Coakley, 2007). This paper examines student’s perspectives on the measures of teaching –learning quality assurance benchmarks and study environment conditions, which are likely to promote attainment of the learners’ outcomes. Of the 294 students who were sampled for the study, 279 returned the completed survey instrument suggesting a response rate of 94.5%. The paper identifies critical learning and teaching quality assurance benchmarks and a number of facilitator-student behaviors considered by students as pertinent for the realization of their learning outcomes. The results are original and compare well to the existing body of local and international literature.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Learners’ outcomes, quality assurance benchmarks.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Attitudes toward inclusion of children with special needs in regular schools (A case study from parents' perspective)

Elias Chalil

Abstract: The purpose of this case study was to find out the attitudes of parents towards mainstreaming children with special needs into 2 regular private elementary schools in Sidon-Lebanon. A total of 15 parents were interviewed out of 35 whose children have learning disabilities. Sampling was purposeful where the subjects were chosen to facilitate reaching a range of data related to the targeted theme. Data collected was analyzed within the intention to detect; (a) attitude of parents towards various aspects of inclusion namely, cooperation, academic improvement and social adaptation of special and regular students and modification of teaching methods, (b) attitudes related to information on types of inclusion, types of special needs to be included and level at which inclusion is recommended. Respondents showed a positive attitude towards the various aspects of inclusion, types and levels of inclusion. Results were discussed in terms of relevant research outcome in Lebanon and other countries and in relation to implication for future research and practice. Attitudes towards Inclusion of children with special needs in regular schools (A case study from parents' perspective).[...] Read More.

Keywords: Inclusion, inclusive education, learning disabled child, special education, educational change, case studies.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

An analysis on the effect of computer self-efficacy over scientific research self-efficacy and information literacy self-efficacy

Murat TUNCER

Abstract: Present research investigates reciprocal relations amidst computer self-efficacy, scientific research and information literacy self-efficacy. Research findings have demonstrated that according to standardized regression coefficients, computer self-efficacy has a positive effect on information literacy self-efficacy. Likewise it has been detected that information literacy self-efficacy positively affects scientific research self-efficacy. It has also been designated that computer self-efficacy has a positive impact on scientific research self-efficacy. It is suggested that the findings of present research shall provide assistance in detecting the sequence of computer, information literacy and scientific research skills development courses that shall be integrated into curriculums.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Computer self-efficacy, information literacy self-efficacy, scientific research self-efficacy, teacher training, teaching and learning.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Evaluation of English achievement test: A comparison between high and low achievers amongst selected elementary school students of Pakistan

Zubair Haider*, Farah Latif, Samina Akhtar and Maria Mushtaq

Abstract: Validity, reliability and item analysis are critical to the process of evaluating the quality of an educational measurement. The present study evaluates the quality of an assessment constructed to measure elementary school student’s achievement in English. In this study, the survey model of descriptive research was used as a research method. Students of both genders (male/female) constitute the population of the study. To measure the achievement level of students, a test of English language as a subject was administered to the sample of 150 students (75 males and 75 females) of 8th grade. They were selected by convenient sampling method from 10 (5 private sectors and 5 public sectors) schools in Pakistan. English Achievement Test for elementary students comprises of 50 multiple-choice items (developed by the author), was used. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Z-test and item analysis. The results of the study indicate that male student’s achievement level in English is better than the female students at elementary level in selected schools.[...] Read More.

Keywords: English Language, analysis, achievement test, standardization, non-standardization, elementary level, secondary school.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

The language of shop signs in Amman: A sociolinguistic study

Prof. Riyad F. Hussein, Mohammed Y. Nofal* and Ahmad J. Mansour

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the languages used in shop signs in Amman, Jordan from a sociolinguistic perspective. In order to achieve the objective of the study, the researchers posed two questions concerning language choice and the factors that influenced it. The study was conducted on shop signs in three different areas in Amman, Jordan, namely, Al-Wehdat Camp, Sweifieh and Jabal Al-Hussein, and the number of shop signs totaled 680. The sample was selected on grounds of convenience and it included 90 participants who were asked to fill out a three-section sociolinguistic questionnaire. The researchers made use of two instruments; a survey of shops and a sociolinguistic questionnaire. Results revealed that there were two main categories of shop signs regarding the languages used in them; namely, monolingual or bilingual signs. Results also disclosed that using foreign names in shop signs was profoundly enhanced by prestige, positive attitudes towards foreign names, commercial interests, type of goods/services provided and the educational and economic levels of customers.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Shop signs, business language, sociolinguistics, factors, Jordan.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

An analysis of perceptions of classroom teachers regarding their use of alternative assessment and evaluation techniques in the Turkish course

Metin ELKATMẞ

Abstract: Assessment and evaluation constitutes an important dimension of education. If education is the process of creating the desired changes in an individual’s behaviors, evaluation then is the process of making judgments about whether those desired changes are acquired by the individual or not. The existing curricula in Turkey were put into practice based on a new approach in the 2005 to 2006 Academic Year. Accordingly, the elementary school Turkish curriculum was renewed according to the constructivist approach. In this study, the aim is to determine the factors that influence the perceptions of classroom teachers about the alternative assessment and evaluation techniques proposed by the renewed Turkish curriculum. The research was conducted with 180 classroom teachers employed in twelve different elementary schools in a city located in Central Anatolia in the Fall Term of the 2010 to 2011 Academic Year. The data were collected through the questionnaire developed by the researcher. In conclusion, it was found that teachers’ perceptions about using alternative assessment and evaluation techniques in the Turkish course are positive; and no impact (positive or negative) was observed created by the factors, which had been thought to have influence on perceptions.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Elementary school Turkish curriculum, alternative assessment and evaluation, teacher opinions.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Views of educational supervisors concerning the feasibility of educational supervision regulation

Sait Akbali* and Mehmet Özba

Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to determine the level in which educational supervisors who carry out the regulations concerning the feasibility conditions of educational supervision regulation views arise. The research was carried out in 2010 to 2011 academic year; the research population included 3150 educational supervisors and the research sample included 387 educational supervisors. The research is a descriptive study in screening model. Research data were collected with ‘Educational Supervisors’ Views Scale Concerning the Feasibility of Educational Supervision Regulation’ that has been developed with a multiple approach based on the front-end application results. Research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for frequency (f), percentage (%) and arithmetic average ( X ). According to the research results, educational supervisors have mentioned that educational supervision regulation is much more applicable at appointment and training dimension than at service and on-the job training. Educational supervisors consider it necessary to focus primarily on supervision of education and school management to determine their authority and responsibilities in relation to their own assigned position. Supervisors also think that they cannot adequately perform all the duties of educational supervision that includes training, selection and appointment.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Educational supervision, educational supervision regulation, supervision, educational supervision, management auditing.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Short Communication

Analysis of sound absorbing properties of different density local acoustic materials

*Ezeani O. Theophilus, Febresima R. C and Kelechuwu Victoria Mbaka

Abstract: Grounded element, sawdust, local plaster mud and sand were mixed in various contributions by weight and their sound absorbing properties were studied and analyzed. Their absorbing properties were compared with that of panel absorbers. Results show that, these local samples give results similar to that of panel absorbers Keywords: Sound, sawdust, absorbing, properties, sand, mud, cement[...] Read More.

Keywords: Sound, sawdust, absorbing, properties, sand, mud, cement

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

A study of the opinions of faculty members towards Acquiring agricultural education in Iran

*Hamid F. Nourizad, Eshaq P. Behbahani and Abdollah N. Baqai

Abstract: This study was conducted to explore the subjective opinions of faculty members about the elements of organizational learning at the agricultural and natural resources campus (ANRC) of University of Tehran. The number of faculty members was 120, randomly drawn from the selected population at ANRC. The findings showed that about 70.1% of the total community variance of organisational learning items was determined by extracted factors. Finding also revealed sharing experiences and interest in innovation, information exchange and external responsiveness, internal dynamism, participatory learning and action are shown to be the most important dimensions (factors) and the most predictive of whether the changes (38%) sought will actually be made to the research model of a learning organization. The results that according with the dimensions of a learning organization clearly indicated that the highest percentage of variance attributable to the system levels of ANRC as a higher education institution is placed on the various levels of organization, individual, global and team, respectively. Keywords: Learning organization, higher education, agriculture.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Learning organization, higher education, agriculture.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Enhancing maternal wellbeing in Ghana: Availability of resources for safe delivery in Akatsi and Keta Districts of Volta Region

*Heward G. Tsikata, Kwabena A. Chambas and Tsatsu H. J

Abstract: The thrust of the present study was to examine resources available for safe delivery in Akatsi and Keta Districts of Volta Region of Ghana with a view to highlighting the importance of improving maternal health in these districts in particular, and by extension in Ghana as a whole. Interviews were conducted from a sample size of 6,250 respondents within the reproductive age group of 15- 49 years drawn from both districts in 2007. The results show that most of the women had only basic education and were generally petty traders, farmers and fishmongers. Only 39.2% of the women from Akatsi and 53.9% of their counterparts from Keta delivered in a hospital within 8 km from their places of residence, implying that a substantial proportion of the women from both districts traveled long distances to deliver their babies. Furthermore, delivery by traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and assisted delivery at home by relatives and friends were still common, while the road network in both districts was poor. About 25% of the women from both districts spent more than 1 hr to walk to a health facility, while those who patronized vehicular means of transport had to pass through rough roads (61.2% in Akatsi and 52.2% in Keta). The findings also suggest that 36.4% and 29.1% from Akatsi and Keta districts respectively needed extra care from their attendants or experienced some degree of delay at the health facility level. The Government of Ghana should therefore aim at increasing girls’ participation at all levels of the education system in the country, and rehabilitate roads or construct new ones to help the people transport emergency complications to the health facility on time to prevent deaths. Every pregnant woman should be assisted by a skilled birth attendant because maternal deaths from pregnancies and birth complications are avoidable if the women are attended to by skilled professionals in well-equipped health facilities.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Childbirth, Ghana, health, maternal, mortality, pregnancy.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

A shift in higher educational standard with scientific progress from segregation to integrative/holistic universal education in the twenty-first century

*Jang K. lee, Seok Young-ae and Kang Moo-sung

Abstract: We moved from the Newtonian physical world of the industrial age to Einstein’s relativistic/quantum physical world of the twenty-first century. In the Newtonian science of the industrial age, where space, time, and matter were regarded as separate and non-integrated, our educational methods were based on non-integrated disciplines focused primarily on transmission of fragmented knowledge. However, in the information society of the 21st century, universities and students alike have called out for a whole-person education based integrating different academic disciplines. The integrative holistic education paradigm resembles and parallels the integration of space-time-matter/energy in the universe. The three essential attributes of integrative-holistic education for the interconnected universe of the twenty-first century are:“globalization”,the movement from finite-borders to infinite-borderlessness,“humanization”, human advancement beyond materialism, and “futurization”, an emphasis on future-eternal values rather than immediate results. The direction of the twenty-first century education must transcend mere economic considerations and incorporate deeper dimensions of morality and spirituality for achieving global peace and prosperity in the twenty-first century. Keywords: Integrative, holistic education, quantum physics, globalization, humanization, futurization.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Integrative, holistic education, quantum physics, globalization, humanization, futurization.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

The role of school management towards executing an integrated arts curriculum

*Duma V. Monageng, Linah Mtetwa and Lious Dow Mohohlo

Abstract: The implementation of the Creative and Performing Arts (CPA) syllabus at lower primary school level in Botswana, which was carried out in 2001, has been hampered by some administrative and logistical problems. It is the foregoing observation that has motivated a study, carried out towards the end of 2006 and early 2007, on the implementation of the syllabus with the following objectives: to establish what guidance has been given by the implementing authority to schools for the implementation of the syllabus, and to identify the problems and difficulties that have been encountered by the school administration in the implementation of the syllabus. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that, school administrators felt that they had not been duly recognized as key players in syllabus implementation. They suggested that specialization in the teaching of the subject be encouraged and that a syllabus review in which teachers would have more input be conducted. Keywords: Music, Creative and performing arts, Syllabus implementation, integrated arts, Program monitoring, In-service training[...] Read More.

Keywords: Music, Creative and performing arts, Syllabus implementation, integrated arts, Program monitoring, In-service training

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Disparity in the sharing of family income in Cameroon: A Gini decomposition analysis based on the Shapley-value approach

*Eyong N. Moute, Idriss L. Djemba and Fabrice Jean Kameni

Abstract: On the basis of data drawn from two household surveys, this paper investigates the evolution of income distribution inequality in Cameroon between 1984 and 1996, a period characterized by a serious economic crisis. The paper decomposes inequality into within- and between-groups components, using the Shapley-value approach and total expenditure per adult equivalent as a welfare indicator to find the contributions of these components to overall inequality at the national level. Decompositions are carried out according to household socio-economic characteristics such as the residence area,the stratum, the educational level, the gender, and the age group of the household head.The study results indicate that inequality in total expenditures declined only slightly between 1984 and 1996,and that the contributions of within-groups inequality components to overall inequality for all the five household socio-economic characteristics analyzed in the study, overwhelmingly explain total inequality at the national level in Cameroon. The policy implications of the study for each of the five household socio-economic characteristics considered revolve around the main conclusion of the paper according to which the reduction of inequality in Cameroon, as in most African countries, depends not only on the design and implementation of growth policies conducive to poverty and inequality reduction, but also on the political will of decision makers who should be motivated to optimize social welfare for their populaces while achieving social justice in terms of equity in the distribution of income. Keywords: Total expenditures, inequality, decomposition, Gini coefficient, Shapley-value, inequality components, economic crisis, Cameroon.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Total expenditures, inequality, decomposition, Gini coefficient, Shapley-value, inequality components, economic crisis, Cameroon.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Enhancing educational standard using active-learning pedagogies: A comparison of five case studies

*Gregory R. Earl, Gordon Y. D. and Steve K. Moore

Abstract: This article describes the call for active-learning pedagogies arising from a range of international organizations. It then outlines key philosophical and theoretical foundations of active-learning pedagogies, which explicitly or, more often, implicitly informed such calls. Next the article introduces the purpose and methods of the comparative case studies, prior to summarizing the findings from five countries (Cambodia, Egypt, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, and Malawi) which served as cases. The findings focus on the national and related international policy discourses, the professional development and other approaches employed to promote active-learning pedagogies, and the outcomes of such efforts. The article concludes by comparing the cases, relating the findings to other studies, and identifying lessons learned for policy and practice. Keywords: Educational quality, active learning pedagogies, policy, professional development.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Educational quality, active learning pedagogies, policy, professional development.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

A study of the efficiency of language and vocabulary methods in teaching comprehension in primary schools: Implication for teachers and curriculum planners

*Olaka H. Charles, Emmanuel F. Roddrck and H. R. Amaechi

Abstract: This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of the language development and the vocabulary methods in teaching reading comprehension in Primary Schools. The population for the study comprised all the Primary Schools in Kaduna State. Simple random sampling technique was used to select two schools out of the three hundred and eighty-four (384) schools in Kaduna metropolis and thirty (30) pupils from each of the schools selected. The data for the study were analyzed using the mean scores and T-test. The findings showed that all the null hypothesis were accepted, indicating that there were no significant differences in the gain scores of pupils taught reading comprehension using the language development method and those taught the vocabulary method. The result, however, further revealed that the gain scores of pupils taught, using language development method were higher than those of the pupils taught using the vocabulary method in all the three different tests (i.e cloze, word recognition and retelling test).Based on these findings, teachers are encouraged to adopt a thematic integrated approach (i.e combining the salient features of the language development method and the vocabulary method.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Language development, vocabulary method, word recognition, reading comprehension.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Headteachers prospects in the execution of AIDS Education in secondary school program in Kenya

*Ababu Peter Joho, Kivutha E. Wahu and Simon R. Munya

Abstract: Globally, the impact of Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the major challenges to all sectors of the society. In Kenya, HIV and AIDS was declared a national disaster in 1999. By 2003, the pandemic was given special attention by the Ministry of Education and the school curriculum was reviewed to integrate AIDS education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the opportunities for headteachers in the implementation of AIDS education in secondary school curriculum in Busia, Bunyala and Samia Districts, in Kenya. The descriptive survey research design was used. The study population was 56 head teachers, 423 teachers and 9784 students. The study sample consisted of 19 headteachers, 141 teachers, and 978 students in 19 secondary schools. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data was collected by questionnaires, interviews and document analysis. The study found out that the main opportunities for headteachers in implementation of AIDS education were the infused components of HIV and AIDS in the curriculum, education sector policy on HIV and AIDS, Workshops on AIDS education, Variety of material and human resources, teachers, checking of schemes of work, records of work, dialogue with students, evaluation through written tests, essay competitions, oral quizzes and observation. Based on the findings, the study concluded that the headteachers have the teacher personnel and the infused components of AIDS education which they should exploit for successful implementation of AIDS Education. Keywords: AIDS Education, Busia, Bunyala and Samia Districts, Headteacher, Implementation, Kenya, Opportunities.[...] Read More.

Keywords: AIDS Education, Busia, Bunyala and Samia Districts, Headteacher, Implementation, Kenya, Opportunities.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Performance evaluation systems in private Universities in Nigeria: A Study of Crawford University, Igbesa-Nigeria

*Babagana Olukolade, Abayomi J. P and Tukur A. Mohammed

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of performance appraisal system at private universities in Nigeria. The focus of the study was on the administrative staff of Crawford University. The study evaluated the purpose of performance appraisal in private universities and identifies relevant factors for achieving an effective performance appraisal. A cross- sectional survey was selected for this study because it was easy to undertake compared to longitudinal survey and the results from the same can be inferred to the larger population. The study population was for all the administrative staff of Crawford University. The whole populations of staff were selected as respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data for analysis. The analysis of collected data was done by the help of SPSS and presented using descriptive statistics, frequency tables and percentages. The findings from the study have established that performance appraisal system is the only tangible metric way by which an organization can know the level of performance of its diverse members of staff. The effectiveness of performance appraisal systems in private universities are only based on training the members of staff involved in the rating/ appraising process and are multi- rating systems. Conclusively because the performance appraisal systems used in private universities are not effective and that they exist just as a matter of formalities, the private universities cannot measure members of staff performance, hence making it difficult to achieve the intended human resource management objective. Keywords: Employees, human resource management, performance appraisal systems, private universities, training.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Employees, human resource management, performance appraisal systems, private universities, training.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Impediments and strategies of working with learners with low vision: Implications for teacher training

*Joseph J. Dida, Sospeter E. Mwaura and Daniel Kagwanja

Abstract: Learners with low vision can be trained to increase their visual functioning through a planned programme of visual experiences. Such a low vision training programme was introduced in Kenya in 1994. However, despite its implementation over the last fifteen years, challenges still persist among teachers who work with such learners. The purpose of this study was to document challenges that learners with low vision have on teacher performance when teaching learners with low vision in special primary schools for the visually impaired in Kenya. The study was carried out in six schools for the visually impaired. Participants in the study were 78 teachers. Survey design was used to gather data. The study established challenges faced by teachers as lack of appropriate devices for learners, lack of adequate training of teachers and lack of regular teacher auditing. Strategies suggested to address the challenges were supply of low vision devices, low vision teams based at each school be reconstituted to provide co-ordinated learning support and regular case conferencing be mounted to provide teacher support.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Low vision training, challenges, strategies.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

An assessment of quality assurance and standards officers competence: Implications for training

*Peter Marenda Amoth, Felix O. Nasasira and Fred K. Nsibambi

Abstract: Training of Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (QASO) is essential for effective performance of their duties. However, this training is rarely based on the officers’ own identified needs. This diminishes the training relevance and effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to establish from the QASO themselves the extent to which they were competent in five skills commonly suggested in the literature as relevant to their work performance. The selected skills were human relations, knowledge of the subject, supervision approach, report writing and action research. The study also sought to find out what topics would be of interest to the QASO from their own perspectives. The study was carried out in Kisumu District in the Republic of Kenya. The sample size was 8 QASO, who responded to a Questionnaire and interview schedule. Findings of the study were that competence of QASO on the five skills was average. They needed further training in all these. The study further suggests a list of topics for inclusion in training programme for the QASO on priority basis. Keywords: Perception, quality assurance and standards, competencies, curriculum.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Perception, quality assurance and standards, competencies, curriculum.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

An investigation of the policies and practice of home science education in secondary schools

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: Policy formulation, implementation and evaluation in relation to Home Science education raise fundamental questions of efficacy. Since independence in Kenya in 1963, there have been several commissions to look into the education system, resulting in policy decisions that have changed the curriculum in secondary schools. Curriculum change was driven by the need to ensure that education is relevant to the needs of the learners, of good quality and contributes to the achievement of Kenya’s development goals. The literature however reveals that little has changed in terms of what is taught in Home Science, leading to questions regarding its relevance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the policies and practice of Home Science education in Kenya. Document analysis was conducted to establish the policies guiding Home Science education in secondary schools, while teacher practices were obtained through the use of questionnaires. The study revealed that while there have been several attempts to review Home Science education in Kenya, these attempts have been incidental to whole sector review and not planned specifically for Home Science. The findings imply that policies guiding Home Science education need to be reviewed to make the subject more relevant to national development goals.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Vocationalization of education, home science education, policy review, curriculum review, 8-4-4 system of education

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

A study of Kwara State Secondary School Studentsâ€™ study habits in English using some variables in their home-background: Implication for counselling

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: The thrust of the study was to compare Kwara State Secondary School Students’ study habits in English using some variables in their home - background and personal factors, so as to examine the implication for counselling purposes. 200 male and female students aged between 15 and 20 years were involved in the study. Results from students’t -test statistical procedure revealed that there is significant difference between the various categories of students in the study habits variables of home-work and assignment, time allocation to study, reading and note-taking, concentration and teacher consultations. The counselling implications were examined and suggestions were made to these effects. Keywords: Study habits; comparative study; English language, students[...] Read More.

Keywords: Study habits; comparative study; English language, students

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

A study of self-concept and academic performance in Math and English among High School Students in Kenya

*Jerome Alan Sparks, Knute L. Philbin and Regis Theodore Bettis

Abstract: This study examined the relationship between self-concept and students’ academic performance in math and English for high school students in Kenya. Participants included 1990 students from two same sex boarding schools-one for boys and the other for girls. Results showed there were sex and grade differences in academic performance and most aspects of self-concept. Specifically, girls did better in math. Performance in English was not significantly different. Grade level differences showed a downward trend relative to norms in both math and English performance with the lower grade levels performing better. This trend possibly related to the changing standards by the teachers. On the self-concept measures, boys rated themselves significantly higher than girls except for physical appearance. As the students progressed through each grade level, their perceptions of self increased. Study implications are discussed. Keywords: Self-concept, academic performance, Math, English, high school, Kenya[...] Read More.

Keywords: Self-concept, academic performance, Math, English, high school, Kenya

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Physically challenged students, support systems and coping strategies: A case study of University of Nigeria, Nsukka

*Ogbodu I. Festus, Onoriose M. Jacenta and Winke E. O

Abstract: Physical disability of any form usually places the individual at some form of disadvantage in our Nigerian society. However the extent to which a disability affects an individual maybe determined by the coping strategies he/she adopts in activities of daily living and also the institutional support available to him/her. The study sought to find out coping strategies and institutional support systems available to physically challenged undergraduates in University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Ninety-two undergraduates who are physically challenged were used for the study. Questionnaire and focus group discussion were used in data collection. Findings show that roommates, friends and relations were being relied upon by the respondents for their activities of daily living. Also, apart for members of their families, there are insufficient institutional support mechanisms available to them. The study also made recommendations on how to better the lot of undergraduates who are physically challenged. Keywords: Institutional support, coping, physically challenged, activities of daily living.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Institutional support, coping, physically challenged, activities of daily living.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Review

Introducing environmental education in teaching foreign language to young learners

Review

Abstract: Due to growing environmental problems, the need for increased environmental awareness becomes necessary. One of the ways to help people increase their awareness is via education. It is often argued that the outcomes of environmental education are positive if it started at an early age. However, when such an education is given limited to the content of certain courses (e.g. science, biology) the benefits will be restricted. The current study highlights Turkish efforts for environmental awareness and it aims to shed some light into ways to integrate environmental education to English as a foreign language lessons which are offered at the primary level. The paper argues when environmental education is given as a constituent of foreign language lessons at the primary school, children will gain multiple benefits such as developed environmental awareness and meaningful second/foreign language learning. Keywords: Environmental education, environmental awareness, children, young learners, ELT, content-based instruction.[...] Read More.

Keywords:

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

A study of the stress levels and coping strategies of non-UK students studying at the University of Manchester, UK

Full length Research Paper

Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate stress levels, experiences of stress and coping strategies of non-UK students studying at the University of Manchester, UK. The main purpose was to consider their perceived stress levels, their experiences of stress and their coping strategies and to link these to the continents from which they came, their gender and whether they were graduates or undergraduates. This research consisted of two phases. The first phase was a survey that used self-administered structured questionnaire of 329 non-UK students who completed the perceived stress scale (PSS), the inventory of college students recent life experiences (ICSRLE) and the coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS) . In addition, a further 74 UK students completed only the (PSS). Phase two was a qualitative study consisting of open-ended in-depth interviews of 16 volunteers. In all, 403 students participated in this study. Key findings indicated that, time pressure and work demands were the non-UK students’ most stressful experiences. Anxiety, academic alienation and future academic prospects and unfamiliarity with the educational and cultural norms added to their difficulties. Gender was the most significant predictor of non-UK students’ stressful experiences, whilst female students expressed higher levels of distress than their male counterparts. In addition, task and avoidance strategies were used by all non-UK students to cope with stress, but European students tended to use more adaptive coping strategies than did Asian and African students. Keywords: Stress, coping, culture shock, graduates, undergraduates, gender.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Stress, coping, culture shock, graduates, undergraduates, gender.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Setting up a standard e-learning environments for higher education

*Usama U. Gomaa, Muhammed W. Rahman and Taha Abdel Webb

Abstract: With the ever-increasing integration of online learning (or e-learning) into university courses, there is strong need for practical guidelines and recommendations to facilitate the development and delivery of pedagogically effective e- learning environments. An investigation by Siragusa (2005) examined factors which make for effective instructional design principles and learning strategies for higher education students studying within these learning environments. Surveys were administered to students and lecturers in Western Australian universities which revealed numerous areas of students’ e-learning experiences which they had perceived as being successful and those needing improvements. This paper presents a model containing 24 sets of recommendations that were developed from the study’s survey findings. The 24 recommendations accommodate the varying pedagogical needs of learners as well as modes of course delivery. For each recommendation, a pedagogical dimension is presented to illustrate the pedagogical needs and instructional requirements. These 24 dimensions, which are grouped within nine main sections, highlight the decisions which need to be made during the instructional analysis, design, delivery and evaluation phases of e-learning environments in higher education in order to optimise their pedagogical quality. Keywords: Quality e-learning environments, higher education, pedagogical quality optimisation[...] Read More.

Keywords: Quality e-learning environments, higher education, pedagogical quality optimisation

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Causes, symptoms and coping strategies of technostress among Librarians in University libraries

*Timicruo B. Silver, Ojobor Smith and Ogunbor O. Taremi

Abstract: The paper seeks to examine the causes, symptoms and coping strategies of technostress among librarians in university libraries. The descriptive survey method was employed using the questionnaire to collect data from respondents in 5 university libraries in Edo and Delta State. The data generated were analyzed by gender using frequency counts and percentages. The findings of the investigation show that majority of the librarians (both sex) experienced technostress using computers and it related technology, as a result of technological changes. And to copy with technostress in their various working places, they agreed to the various coping strategies and plans. Among the recommendation made were, management should organize technology base training in order to make them comfortable with new technology and qualified Information technologist should be employed to maintain the computers and it related technology in order to provide comfort to librarian. Keywords: Computer, technostress, symptoms, causes.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Computer, technostress, symptoms, causes.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Assessment of reading skill of students with low vision while using low vision devices

*Aden E. Kutuny, Ronald A. Duale and Mildred M. Kiyiapi

Abstract: Reading is a basic human need. Low vision training programme was initiated in Kenya in 1994. Learners with low vision were to be trained to function as literate individuals in spite of the limitations brought about by low vision. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the reading proficiency of low vision learners.The study was carried out in six schools for the visually impaired in Kenya. The respondents included seventy eight learners with low vision. Survey research design was used to collect data. Research instruments used were questionnaire, observation schedule and a reading proficiency test. Findings from the research were that learners with low vision faced monumental challenges when reading. Among the challenges they faced were following straight lines while reading with low vision devices, miscall of words and word attack skill problems. The study calls for curriculum adaptation to suit the reading needs of learners with low vision. Keywords: Low vision, visual skills, visual efficiency, low vision devices.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Low vision, visual skills, visual efficiency, low vision devices.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Charting a vibrant environmental literacy scale for potential teachers

*Tansu Nuri Evcen, Harun H. Teoman and Defne Bilge Tekin

Abstract: With this study, a standard scale whose validation and reliability were tested will be contributed to literature in order to determine environmental literacy of prospective teachers. A case study was used as a research method. The data was gathered with 187 prospective teachers randomly selected from the different teacher education departments. In terms of the construct validity of the Environmental Literacy Scale for explanatory analysis, principal component analysis was used. At the end of the research, scale consisted 24 items. Cronbach Alpha was calculated as .86 and scale accounted for 54.36% of total variance. Environmental literacy of prospective teachers can be determined with the standardization of the scale under four sub-scales which are “Environmental Responsibility”, “The Balance of the Nature”, “Affective Environment”, and “Environmental Activities”. Keywords: Environmental literacy, teacher education, prospective teacher, scale development[...] Read More.

Keywords: Environmental literacy, teacher education, prospective teacher, scale development

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Review

An investigation of the cultural diversity competency of future hospitality employees in a multicultural work environments

Lehlohonolo Mixwell Merwe

Abstract: Although race, age, ethnicity and religious background influence the cultural attitudes of employees in the hospitality industry, it is clear that education has a greater role to play in engendering a spirit of acceptance and respect for people who may differ from us. The rationale behind this mixed design research was to investigate the cultural diversity competency of future hospitality employees in multicultural work environments. Graduates need to be educated in aspects pertaining to cultural diversity and in this regard, the role of the Work Integrated Learning (WIL) mentor as well as lecturers on a university campus, is critical in improving the cultural aptitude of new hospitality employees. There are very few curricular models which lecturers can follow to enable them to enhance the ability of their students to serve in the diverse work environments which exist in the industry. Informal learning opportunities and critical reflection of diversity issues can constitute an invaluable learning foundation for diversity related issues. This article seeks to tackle this question to an extent. Keyword: Cultural Diversity, Work-Integrated Learning, mentoring.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Cultural Diversity, Work-Integrated Learning, mentoring.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

A study of factors influencing teachers to join the teaching profession and the strategies used by school management to motivate teachers

*Ababu Peter Joho, Kivutha E. Wahu and Simon R. Munya

Abstract: Job satisfaction is essential to continuing growth of education system around the world. Teachers are a crucial element of educational opportunity structures. In Kenya, the recent efforts by the government to introduce Free Primary Education and Subsidized Secondary Education programmes which led to an influx in enrolments, has raised concerns about student-teacher ratio in schools. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing public secondary school teachers’ job satisfaction in Busia district, Kenya. The objectives of the study were; to establish perceived factors that influenced teachers to join the teaching profession and establish the strategies used by school management to motivate teachers. The study was based on the Herzberg’s theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Purposive sampling was used to select head teachers while simple random sampling was used to pick teachers from the sampled schools. A sample of 129 respondents was selected from a target population of 335 teachers and education officers. A pilot study was carried out to establish the reliability and validity of data collection instruments. A likert scale questionnaire and in depth interview guide were used to collect data from respondents. Data analysis was facilitated by use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. The findings of the study were that teachers may be more satisfied in schools with good working environment if their terms and conditions are improved. The study recommended that; in-service courses for teachers to get equipped with current knowledge; and that the Government of Kenya should allocate more funds to the Ministry of Education for it to be able to employ more teachers to cater for the deficit and improve the methods of promotion in the teaching service so that many teachers grow faster. Keywords: Job satisfaction, Public Secondary School teacher, perception.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Job satisfaction, Public Secondary School teacher, perception.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

The ups and downs of being a Non-native English teacher

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: Despite the realization that the majority uses of English occur in contexts where English serves as a lingua franca, the “native speaker” authority is still prevalent in the field of English language teaching, especially in EFL contexts. The present case study was conducted with three Turkish teachers of English and investigated their opinions on the native speaker/non-native speaker dichotomy over an eighteen month period. Data collected by means of interviews revealed that there is still a lot of work to be done to empower novice English teachers, encourage them to rethink their roles in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) and help them overcome the deficit model of their own professional competence.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Native speaker/non-native speaker teacher dichotomy, EFL context

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Review

Evolution and role of political apparatchiks in Ghanaâ€™s fourth republic

Review

Abstract: Political apparatchiks play a major role in ensuring the electoral victory of their respective political parties. They are also expected to strive hard to keep their parties in power to ensure that they deliver on their promises to make the life of the ordinary citizenry more comfortable and decent. However, their activities sometimes pose a severe challenge to governance. Using Ghana’s Fourth Republic as a cases study, this paper discusses the evolution and role of political apparatchiks and the challenges their activities pose to governance in Ghana. Keywords: Apparatchiks; Governance; Ghana; Fourth Republic[...] Read More.

Keywords: Apparatchiks; Governance; Ghana; Fourth Republic

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Assessing the effect of video-based versus traditional lectures on student education

*Ashley Alexander Clarke, Lenny Somerset and Omar G. Parker

Abstract: Although, computer assisted learning and multimedia programs have emerged into higher education institutions, there is no clear evidence that such a movement can improve student learning. This study was conducted to provide an objective assessment of the impact of lectures with the use of video clips on student learning over traditional teaching methods. Five university students participated and experimental control was achieved using an alternating-treatments design. Overall, students experienced sixteen 5-minute lectures, half on kinesiology and half on psychological issues for children, delivered by either traditional or video-based methods. Results showed that teaching material based on video clips was at least as equally effective as standard teaching lectures. Similar data were collected during 1-, 2-, and 3-week follow-up measures. These results come in agreement with the current literature reinforcing the suggestion that the use of videos in education may hold great promises. Keywords: Higher education, video-based lectures, learning, single-case research methodology, teaching.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Higher education, video-based lectures, learning, single-case research methodology, teaching.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

A study of the prevalence of anxiety and its connection with self-worth among Zabol University students, Iran

*Daryrush Kamshad Ansari, Mehdi U. O Golzar and Behzad Rafsanjani

Abstract: This study tries to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and its relationship with self-esteem among students at the University of Zabol in Iran. The Cattell Anxiety Inventory and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory were used to conduct a cross-sectional study involving 400 students within an age range of 18 to 31. According to the results, the prevalence of anxiety among these students was measured at a level of 83% and a significant negative relationship was found to exist between anxiety and self-esteem as well as between age and anxiety. Females suffered significantly greater anxiety than males and males measured significantly higher on self-esteem than females. A significant positive relationship was also found between income and self-esteem. Other findings included no correlation between age and self-esteem, as well as no association between marital status, level of income or type of location and anxiety.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Anxiety, self-esteem, university, students, Zabol, Iran.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Involvement of the Quaker church to running of public secondary schools in Bungoma east district, Kenya

*Jesse C. Munya, Peter Coons Kibwana and Cornel F. Gikandi

Abstract: Religious organizations in Kenya are empowered by the Education Act to participate in the management of schools and colleges that they sponsor. These religious sponsors include: the Quaker Church; the Catholic Church; Africa Inland Church; Salvation Army Church; Seventh Day Adventist Church; Church of God; Presbyterian Church of East Africa; Methodist Church; Baptist Church; Anglican Church of Kenya and the Pentecostal Assemblies of God Church. The Quaker Church dominates sponsorship of schools in Bungoma East District. However, doubts have been raised regarding its contribution to public secondary school management. This was because there was very scanty documented information on the role of the Quaker Church in Educational Institutions. The purpose of this study was therefore to establish the contribution of the Quaker church to management of public secondary schools in Bungoma East District. A conceptual framework was used to focus on the contribution of the Quaker church to the management of public secondary schools. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The study population consisted of 25 Principals, 25 Board of Governors (BOG) chairpersons, 25 Parents Teachers Association (PTA) chairpersons, 329 Teachers, Quaker Church Education Secretary (QCES) and the District Quality Assurance and Standards Officer (DQASO). Simple random sampling technique was used to sample 22 Principals, 22 BOG chairpersons, 22 PTA chairpersons and 118 teachers. Saturated sampling technique was used to select one QCES and one DQASO. Document analysis guide, Questionnaires and Interview schedules were used for data collection. Face validity of the instruments was determined by experts in the Department of Educational Management and Foundations. The outcome of the pilot study was used to enhance the instruments reliability by correcting the inconsistencies and ambiguities noted. Quantitative data obtained from closed ended questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics in form of percentages and frequency counts. Qualitative data collected from open-ended questionnaire and interviews was transcribed and analyzed on an on-going process as themes and sub-themes emerged from the data. The study established that: The contribution of the Quaker church to staffing in secondary schools in Bungoma East was through panel of selection in accordance to Teachers Service Commission guidelines. The Quaker church’s contribution to school discipline management was mainly through pastoral programs conducted during weekend challenges, rallies, Sunday services, counseling and special prayer days by chaplains. The contribution of Quaker church to financing of education was generally minimal because of lack of funds. However, the main contribution was school establishment by providing physical facilities, land in particular on which virtually all Quaker sponsored schools were built. The Quaker church motivated teaching staff in its sponsored schools through creation of peaceful working environment. The study concluded that the Quaker church’s contribution to public secondary school management was minimal and this was attributed to challenges it faced and its principles of simplicity and non-interference. The study recommended that: The Quaker church should incorporate competent Quaker educationists who are well founded in educational management in its school programs to replace the less informed nominees on school boards. The Quaker church should be actively involved more in the appointment of process of secondary school principals to enhance mutual co-existence among all key stakeholders in education management. The Quaker church should train and deploy more chaplains to all of its sponsored schools for effectiveness in pastoral programs and guidance and counseling. Keywords: Bungoma East District, Kenya, Contribution, Management, Public Secondary Schools, Quaker Church. [...] Read More.

Keywords: Bungoma East District, Kenya, Contribution, Management, Public Secondary Schools, Quaker Church.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Review

Formation of a more articulate social engineering to enhance the welfare of the disable people in Uganda

*John kizza Mbabezi, Mahmood Obote and Bobi Besigye Kabila

Abstract: The neglect of the handicapped children pushes them into risks in life. They find themselves dependent on the economically deprived adult who often has negative disposition towards them. The families of the handicapped children lack the basic needs to meet the yearnings of these children. The governments that ought to assist such families tend to give little support to the social development sector. The public, on its part oscillate between love and disaffection, and do not give sufficient attention to the problems of handicapped children. It is this situation that tends to constitute a paradox that this paper examines in relation to the psychosocial needs of handicapped children. The political economy of the environment of the handicapped children portrays a state of poverty and deprivation. This called for a joint effort of the public, and the government to rehabilitate handicapped children in the society. There is therefore the need for the formation of a more articulate social engineering to enhance the welfare of the handicapped children.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Psycho-social needs, disabilities, Uganda

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Review

Emergent issues in the practice of higher education: obstacles and way forward for improving medical training in Nigeria

*Femi F. Oyinlola, Babafemi H. Afolabi and Oladapo F. O

Abstract: Greater numbers of medical institutions in Nigeria are currently experiencing difficulties in providing the right quality and quantity of education due to underfunding, inadequate and obsolete facilities, absence of experienced and dedicated teachers, increased cost of schooling, lack of update training for teachers, students over population and rapidly deteriorating good morals and core values. The necessary shift from traditional approach to a need-based approach requires a fundamental change of the roles and commitments of educators, planners and policymakers. Teachers of health professional education in Nigeria are to be well-informed of the current information and innovations and utilize these to increase relevance and quality of education to produce competent human resources for the country. The objectives of this paper are: (i) to discuss innovative strategies and emerging trends, which have been successfully adopted by educators around the world for the reorientation of medical education to overcome the above mentioned problems of educational planning, review and development and (ii) to highlight the implications and the importance to initiate need-based reforms of medical training in Nigeria.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Emerging; Learning; Teaching; Nigeria

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Review

A peep into the World Beyond: Metaphysical theories on the Nature of Life in Disembodied Bodies

*Carlos U. Alkatiri, Paulo Khosa and Daviz Diogo Zucula

Abstract: The question about the belief in ‘life in disembodied bodies’ and the ‘world beyond’ is as old as human kind. Due to its philosophical nature, the question has invited and incited serious debates among scientists, metaphysicians and philosophers of religion, but with little progress. In Africa, the complexity of establishing the concrete existence of life in disembodied bodies and the world beyond is predicated by hegemonic Western science’s preoccupation with empiricism and evidence (through laboratory experiments) that render indigenous African beliefs and value systems inexplicable through the standards of expert science. This is further compounded by the attempts by logical positivists of the 1920s that for decades outlawed metaphysics and relegated as nonsense the existence of metaphysical statements, entities and all knowledge systems that cannot be verified through expert science. It is curious however to note that though expert science has failed to resolve this central question, in Africa and in particular Mozambique and Zimbabwe, there are numerous metaphysical belief systems and ‘epistemological thinkings’ pointing to the existence of life in disembodied bodies and the ‘world beyond’. The paper draws on these points of reference, with a view to recast the debate on life in disembodied bodies and the world beyond not necessarily in terms of deliberating their existence, but rather exploring their possible metaphysical nature of existence. In this light, the paper quests to expose in this twilight zone the different angles from which the world beyond and lives in disembodied forms could be understood on the basis of African metaphysics and ‘mystical ways of knowing’. The paper thus contends that the question of disembodied lives and the world beyond can only be best addressed by metaphysics and not expert science. Keywords: Speculation, life, disembodied bodies, world beyond, metaphysics, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Africa.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Speculation, life, disembodied bodies, world beyond, metaphysics, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Africa.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Review

Making the most of studentsâ€™ potential: Some tips and hints

Review

Abstract: Achieving success in studies is important. However, there have been no clear strategies that inspire the students and or lecturers on how best could the studies be carried for the purpose of attaining maximum performance. This paper therefore, expounds some strategies that need to be observed by the students on the one hand and the lecturers on the other. The article further narrates the barriers to achieving success at school or college and suggests some measures that could be observed for the purpose of managing performance optimally. The article concludes that most students are capable of doing more than what they have done, and that managing time while studying is the key towards achieving success. The paper appeals to lecturers to also manage time and that the failure of students should not be linked to the performance of lecturers. It further argues that the pertinence of any program is pegged on the timely accomplishment of the same.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Education, college, school, potential, maximize.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Attitudes of Preservice Teachers towards Family-Centered Practices in Early Intervention: An Implication for Teacher Education

*David G. Karin, Dhan H. Lucash and Adam Gihooly Mann

Abstract: Family-centered practices are the key to successful early intervention (EI) service delivery. University faculty members should help preservice teachers develop awareness and initial understanding of family-centered practices through course content and practicum. The current study focuses on preservice teachers’ attitudes towards family-centered practices in EI service delivery. Eighty-seven preservice teachers participated in the study and wrote pre- and post-essays about their beliefs of family-centered service delivery before and after they took the Introduction to Early Intervention course. Pre- and post study was compared using the inductive content analysis and grounded theory and the effectiveness of the course content and instruction in influencing preservice teachers’ understanding and belief about family-centered practices were discussed. Results show that after taking the course the participating preservice teachers have a deeper understanding of the importance of family-centered practices in EI, the roles families played in service delivery as well as the collaboration families set up with professionals in the transition process. In addition, they also have a better understanding of the special challenges families and professionals may encounter in delivering family-centered practices. Keywords: Family-centered practices, early intervention, preservice teachers’ attitudes, teacher education[...] Read More.

Keywords: Family-centered practices, early intervention, preservice teachers’ attitudes, teacher education

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Customer-driven entities: Identifying the needs in higher education

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: Many institutions of higher education are hesitant to consider themselves as customer-driven entities. It is common to view the student as the customer but this notion is not universally accepted. This paper reviews the debate in the education and marketing literature about students as customers and reveals the difficulty in using the word customer to describe the student/university relationship. The author argues that the debate must move away from identifying the customer and focus on the university as a service provider. An emerging perspective on market orientation suggest that strategic insights may be gained when firms take into account their customers’ view on the organization’s level of market orientation. Even the suggestion of the term customer can arouse many emotions, preconceptions, and misconceptions. The idea that students are partners in developing and delivering quality education threatens the historic, traditional academic role of faculty as purveyor of knowledge. Nevertheless, one fact has been proven over and over again. Customer-driven organizations are effective because they are fully committed to satisfying and anticipating customer needs. The future success of colleges and universities will increasingly be determined by how they identify and satisfy their various customers. This paper accentuates the subject by initially reviewing a number of theoretical viewpoints as to why a customer perspective should be sought when assessing organizational phenomena such as market orientation. The findings showed that all the proposed relationship were significant. The result further demonstrated that service quality acts as a partial mediator where customer satisfaction was not derived completely by service quality. This paper eventually concludes by elaborating the various conclusions derived from the study. Keywords: Customer-driven, higher education, students, quality, faculty, academic, organisation, Universities[...] Read More.

Keywords: Customer-driven, higher education, students, quality, faculty, academic, organisation, Universities

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Review

Confucius' style of teaching and education

*Liam J. Claflin, woody Cyrus Tatum and Sam K. Evans

Abstract: A Chinese proverb has it that, “learning colors a man more than the deepest dye”, and indeed learning and education is critical. Here, in this paper, the practitioner-academician author examines the various teaching methods and ways of Confucius or Master Kung. Interestingly here, various vital don’ts of teaching, and in fact, several gems of teaching methods, done the Masterly way, are highlighted. The teaching methods, just to mention a few, discussed are to be the role model, to deliver and teach according to the students’ needs, learn from others, generate stimulation and exude influence as well as to love all and serve all. Keywords: Confucius, learning, teaching; example; common mistakes in learning and teaching.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Confucius, learning, teaching; example; common mistakes in learning and teaching.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Scientific processes for the progress and validation of academic-success barrier battery

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: The paper discussed the scientific processes for the development and validation of the Academic-Success Barrier Battery (ASB2) for measuring and remediating students’ self created obstacles to their academic-success. The sample for the study was 1,200 randomly selected secondary school-going adolescents in Nigeria, comprising males and females. Their ages ranged between 12 and 21years, with a mean of 16.5years. The internal consistency for the 14 subscales ranged between .6600 and .8770, while the Cronbach alpha (α) was between .7709 and .9317 for the subscales; and the coefficient of the full scale was .7975. The significant inter-factor correlation coefficient obtained attested to the construct validity of the scales. The relevance of the inventory to psychologists, school counselors, all kinds of researchers and other stakeholders were discussed.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Academic-Success, battery, reliability, validity, internal consistency.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Review

Lifelong education as a way of launching a culture of peace in Nigeria in the Twenty-first century

Lehlohonolo Mixwell Merwe

Abstract: The factors that went into the making of Nigeria are not the types that could naturally promote peace. Despite this initial daunting obstacle in the way of peace, successive governments have tried various strategies aimed at fostering peace in Nigeria. For example, many political restructurings of the country have been undertaken since 1960; many political settlements have equally been reached between governments and warring parties on the one hand and among feuding communities themselves on the other hand; yet, peace continues to elude the country. This unfortunate situation persists mainly because lifelong education is yet to be employed as a strategy for establishing a culture of peace in the country. Lifelong education which is education which begins at birth and continues throughout life is unfortunately not yet being promoted by Nigeria. It is here recommended, that lifelong education should henceforth be treated as national educational need through the establishment of viable lifelong education infrastructures, through the promotion of culture fairs across the country and through the promotion of tours that seek to bring greater knowledge of Nigeria to the largest number of Nigerians. Keywords: Culture of peace; lifelong education; nationhood; lifelong education strategies.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Culture of peace; lifelong education; nationhood; lifelong education strategies.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Prevalence of women matriculation in Argentinean Medical schools: Identification of possible reasons underlying an apparently broader phenomenon

*Torcuato L. Francis, Florencio Zoran Bucay and Bernardo Milstein

Abstract: This paper examines reasons of potential relevance concerning the increase of female matriculation through a poll, applied to 130 female and 75 male students, among 500 admitted ones at two Argentinean medical schools (2003-2005), both of them relevant in what concerns to their dimensions and standards. This poll was qualitatively combined with an interview performed to 52 gender equated students among the 205 participants.Majority of females (82%) and males (80%) firstly thought of Medicine at the age of 15±1 years and 16±1 years old and made their final decision for it when aged 16±1 years (85% females) and 17±1 years (84% males). For making this decision, females reported that their higher influence from final decision was from persons close to them and mass media (39% versus 52%, p[...] Read More.

Keywords: Matriculation, feminine, medical schools, Argentina

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Relationship between students position in classroom and school performance

*Miguel M. Malif, Guido Sabastiao U. Cardoso and Drauzio Silva Meirelles

Abstract: We analyzed whether the position of students in classroom is correlated with academic performance, and which factors might be involved. The sample consisted of 16 classrooms in a school year bimester, each one with around 30 students. Each student's position was registered in classroom maps and the reasons for the students' seat choice were gathered by a questionnaire. School performance and classroom absences of each student were collected directly from the teachers' register notebook. We found that better performances of students at school correlate with lower percentages of absence and choices of seating positions closer to the board. Moreover, the main reason to sit in a front position was motivation for learning. We suggest that school performance is associated to students’ position in the classroom because both are affected by the student motivation for learning. As a consequence, changing students' position in the classroom without increasing their motivation is not likely to improve school performance.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Classroom, seating position, academic performance, motivation.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Rural development and poverty reduction in Rwanda: The place of Cooperative Association

*Otengo Nebanda, Syda Bahati and Rebecca Anite

Abstract: This study examined cooperative association as a tool for rural development and property reduction in Rwanda. Case study of cooperative Abahuzamugambi ba Kawa based in Maraba sector, Huye District in southern province . The sample population comprises the members, management, and Board of the Abahuzamuyambi ba kawa. The research questionnaire was used to gather data from members, management and the populace. The research questions focused on the principles of cooperative identity, participation and decision making, internal and external communications, organisational and leadership development, the relationship between the cooperative’s leadership, the initiatives of people to lift themselves out of poverty, the knowledge would support poor people own development. The findings of the study is on the rural cooperatives association and the need for education programming in the areas of cooperative member ownership and ways in which to increase participation in decision making.The cooperative associations have proven to be the best means to realise developmental goals, and poverty reduction working in a humble way at grassroot levels. Cooperatives association can participate directly in agriculture and industry thus creating employment and increasing productivity, which are the major causes of poverty.It is also deduced that, cooperatives associations help farmers to market firms products. The cooperative Abahuzamugambi ba Kawa was set up in Maraba sector to collect coffee from farmers and fructify it on behalf of members. This has contributed to the economic well-being of members as well as people within that area.This research only tried to articulate the cooperative association as a tool for rural development and poverty reduction in Rwanda. When all strategies have been tried, and we expecting fully result; cooperatives association as a tool to reduce poverty and improve rural development have to employ. So far, we have been getting good result from it. Keywords: Cooperative, Association, Rural Development, Poverty Reduction, Strategies.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Cooperative, Association, Rural Development, Poverty Reduction, Strategies.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Review

Developing countries and education, work and productivity

*Ronnie B. Jani, Joel Hood Joffe and Gavin Phillip

Abstract: By education, it is meant a Euro-American system of knowledge creation and dissemination which developed first in Europe and America but spread to developing countries through colonization. Although the developing world had its systems of education before the arrival of the colonizers, the advertised attractions of modern education were that, the new education had the potentials of providing modern employment and producing goods and services that guarantee a good life. These assertions have not held true, especially in developing countries; which, suggests that the assumed links among education, work and productivity are not that automatic but depend on working out carefully isolated political and socio-economic factors and on continuous strategizing schemes. The provision of answers to the following questions would constitute the beginning of the establishment of a firm relation among education, work and productivity in developing countries: What are those areas of the national life that offer opportunities for productive work? What are the needs of developed countries in industrial raw materials, in leisure, in arts and aesthetics and in learning that developing countries can respond to and satisfy? And What are the needs of other developing countries in industrial raw materials, leisure, arts and aesthetics and learning that another developing country can satisfy? Keywords: Education, work, productivity, developing countries.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Education, work, productivity, developing countries.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

A study of the benefits and roles of sports in secondary education from the perspectives of teachers and students

Kibaki Borden David

Abstract: Sports are important in educational institutions as it supports academic objectives. However, it has been viewed in two different perspectives in schools as far as their contribution to academic performance is concerned. Some consider sports to have positive effect on student-athletes’ academic performance while others views it as a hindrance to academic success and a waste of students’ precious time. The purpose of this study was to document the benefits of sports in secondary schools and the role of sports in secondary education from the perspectives of teachers and students. Stratified random sampling method was used to select 24 secondary schools, 500 students and 32 games-teachers for the study. The study revealed that participation in sports is generally beneficial to students in secondary schools like making them physically fit and healthy. The study further revealed that sport supports educational objectives in the schools by improving the level of discipline, helping in character development, improving students’ rationality and objectivity in thought and is also responsible for high retention rate in schools, all of which boost academic performance. It is recommended that the government embark on a range of developmentally appropriate community sports and recreation programs to ensure that students participate in sports both at school and at home. Secondly, all students should be encouraged to take pride in achievement and reach full potential, both as students and as athletes. Finally, Schools should diversify sports activities to ensure that all students’ needs in sports are catered for.[...] Read More.

Keywords:

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Compulsory education access for rural migrant children in urban China

*Yao Wenjun, Shang Teng Guangxian and Chen Tony Yuanqing

Abstract: In this study, we examined the educational challenges faced by the children of rural migrants who have increasingly come to Chinese cities in large numbers seeking employment. Based on large-scale surveys of students in public, licensed private, and unlicensed private schools in nine cities (small, medium, and large), we found that access to public schools was easier for children in small and medium cities than for those in large cities, but in all cities, the children faced discrimination on several levels (e.g., extra fees, difficulty traveling to and from school). To mitigate the problems faced by these children and acknowledge the importance of their parents in sustaining China's rapid economic growth, we propose several solutions that should be implemented by Chinese educational decision-makers. In particular, more resources (funding, teachers, and support staff) should be allocated to meet the needs of these children and their parents. Keyword: Compulsory education, rural migrants' children, urban China.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Compulsory education, rural migrants' children, urban China.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

An investigation of the use of integrated approach in the teaching of English in secondary schools in Kenya

*James Amonth, Micheal M. Rotich and Musalia Matiangi

Abstract: The integrated approach to teaching and learning has been lauded in educational literature as an approach which avoids fragmentation of knowledge and leads to holistic understanding of concepts. It is also considered to be a superior organization for cognitive learning since the human brain rejects learning what is fragmented. The integrated approach is also said to lead to better learning of students. This approach was implemented in the teaching of English in secondary schools in Kenya in 1995. People have however hither to, expressed doubt about the implementation of this in secondary schools in Kenya. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of the integrated approach in the teaching of English in secondary schools. Data was collected from classroom practice using the adopted Maseno University Teaching Practice Assessment Criteria and from students using a questionnaire. Analysis of data revealed that there were minimal levels of integration in English lessons and that more than half of teachers of other subjects did not bother to correct language errors that occurred during their lessons. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that there is a discrepancy in Kenya between the official English Language Curriculum and the implemented English Language Curriculum in schools. Secondly, there is lack of concerted efforts in improving English Language standards among teachers of other school subjects. It is recommended in this study that research be carried out on impediments to implementation of the integrated approach to the teaching of English in secondary schools in Busia district in particular and in Kenya in general. Secondly teacher education, in-service courses and teacher workshops should emphasize the language across the curriculum concept so that every secondary school teacher becomes an English teacher concerned about English errors.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Integrated Approach, Teaching and Learning, Teaching English, Teaching other Subjects.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

An evaluation of the discharge of safety policies in public secondary schools in kisumu east and west districts, Kenya

*Jesse C. Munya, Peter Coons Kibwana and Cornel F. Gikandi

Abstract: This study investigated the implementation of safety policies in public secondary schools in Kisumu East and West Districts, Kenya. The study population consisted of 2 Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (QASOs) and 54 head teachers from 54 public secondary schools in Kisumu East and West Districts. Stratified random sampling was used to sample 30 head teachers and schools to take part in the study. A saturated sample of two QASOs was taken for the study. The instruments used for data collection included head teachers and QASOs questionnaires, interview schedules and observation schedule. Qualitative data collected from interviews was transcribed and analyzed on an ongoing process as themes and sub themes emerged. Quantitative data was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics in form of frequency counts, percentages and means. The findings of the study showed that the implementation of some safety policies was to a large extent implemented as evidenced by the following: Housing for teachers was provided in 76.67% of the schools. Dormitories in 70% of the schools had emergency doors, 17 out of 30 schools had dormitories with doors opening outwards, and 28 out of 30 schools had secure fences and gates while 96.67% of the schools had first aid kits. The study also established that some safety policies were implemented to a lesser extent as evidenced by the following cases: There was a decreasing trend in conducting fire drills, fire extinguishers were found in only 26.67% of the schools, there was crowding in 70% of the schools and 93.33% of the schools did not have enough toilets. Factors influencing the implementation of safety policies included inadequate funds, time, capacity, transport and coordination. The study found out that teachers and QASOs played significant roles in the implementation of safety policies. Head teachers’ and QASOs’ attitudes towards implementation of safety policies was positive. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the overall implementation of safety policies fell short of the requirements as stated in the policy circular. The implementation of safety policies was also negatively affected by factors within and outside the schools. Head teachers and QASOs had a positive attitude towards the implementation of safety policies. Based on the conclusions and findings of this study, it was recommended that: Ministry of Education should ensure that head teachers reside in schools and implement safety policies, head teachers should ensure that fire drills are conducted more regularly and that the fire extinguishers required are purchased. Head teachers should also construct and maintain adequate number of toilets and secure fences. Keywords: Assessment, Implementation, Safety Policies, Public Secondary Schools, Kisumu East and West Districts, Kenya.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Assessment, Implementation, Safety Policies, Public Secondary Schools, Kisumu East and West Districts, Kenya.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Effect of gender and societal factors in the choice of head teachers in mixed secondary schools in Vihiga district, Kenya

*Mwai B. Leakey, Gurinder G. Karua and Joyce M. Chadha

Abstract: Women are under-represented in school headship in many parts of the world. Social-cultural reasons have been used to explain this discrepancy, particularly in Western countries. In Vihiga District in the Republic of Kenya, the situation is that only 24% of head-teachers in mixed secondary schools were women. Social-cultural factors contributing to this scenario were unknown. A descriptive survey design was used to establish perceptions of stakeholders on social-cultural factors that influence gender imbalance in appointment of head teachers in mixed secondary schools in Vihiga District, Western Province, Kenya. The study involved 34 Head teachers, 34 Board of Governors Chairpersons, 34 Parent Teacher Association Chairpersons, 465 teachers (310 males and 155 females) and one District Quality Assurance and Standards Officer (DQASO). Questionnaire and In-depth interview were used to collect data. The study found out that school location, school leadership traditions, male dominance, dual role and spouse attitude were perceived as influences on gender imbalance in the appointment of head teachers. Based on the findings, it is recommended that improvement of infrastructure and accessibility of the upcoming schools should be done to attract and retain female head-teachers in these schools, communities should be sensitized on gender equality and to respect female head teachers and advocacy should be enhanced for the girl child education. Keywords: Social-cultural factors, Gender imbalance, Head teachers.[...] Read More.

Keywords:

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Influence of research inclination on research classroom learning behaviour of University of Botswana graduate education students

*Mogae Kedikilwe, Moroka Tibone and Magang Kitso

Abstract: One of the negative aftermaths of the on-going controversy among researchers with regards to which research method, qualitative or qualitative is superior is its adverse influence on learning-related behaviour of graduate students in the research classroom. The need to expose graduate students to all sides of the same coin in research methodology is retarded by the confusion this controversy has created in the minds of students. Many come to class with their minds already made up as a result of indoctrination by their supervisors and peers. With this mindset, they tend, without any critical inquiry, to be inclined immaturely to one or the other of these orientations even if their research problem does not called for the methodology they have been indoctrinated to prefer. This study aims at exploring the influence of research inclination on research classroom learning behaviour of University of Botswana graduate education students. Survey data were generated from a total number of 79 graduate education students at the University of Botswana (GES.UB), on research inclination and some research-related affective behaviour. Using ANOVA, seven hypotheses were tested. The results showed that feelings as to the usefulness of research generally and to one’s professional life, the likelihood of offering research courses if they were not compulsory, and of registering for any research course in the future, and the level to which research courses are deemed to be demanding all are significantly influenced by research orientation. These were discussed briefly and recommendations made. Keywords: Research orientations; education graduate students; university of Botswana; professionalism; usefulness of research.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Research orientations; education graduate students; university of Botswana; professionalism; usefulness of research.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Students attitudes and teachers towards use of computer technology in Geography education

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: The ability to display simulated environments through the computer may make it a stimulating instructional tool for illuminating abstract concepts in Geography. In Kenya, there is persistent lack of resources to improve the quality of Geography education, especially those that incorporate new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). As well, there exists teacher and learner apprehension towards the use of computers, hence poor performance in certain abstract concepts in Geography. The purpose of the study was to establish the attitudes of students and teachers towards the use of computer technology in Geography education. The survey was conducted in Kisumu District of Nyanza Province, Kenya. The study sample was 80 teachers and 1165 form three high school students representing 30% of the population. The Loyd Gressard Computer Attitude Scale was administered to establish Geography teachers’ and students’ attitudes Attitude was determined by mean while differences in attitude between teachers and students was established by use of the non- parametric Mann – Whitney U – Wilcoxon Test at a confidence level of 0.05. The study established that the majority of Geography teachers (mean of 4.89) and students (mean of 4.81) had a positive attitude towards the use of computer technology in teaching and learning and hence favoured the integration of computer simulations into the Geography curriculum. Keywords: Geography education, attitude, computer simulation.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Geography education, attitude, computer simulation.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Challenges of career development of senior secondary school students in Ethiope east local government area, Delta state, Nigeria

Felix D. Aghogho*, Stephen Igho and James Akpofure

Abstract: This study investigated some of the factors influencing career development of senior secondary school students in Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta State. The study used senior secondary school students because they are at the critical stage of career decision making process. Relevant literatures that were related to the study were reviewed. The problem of the study is that some senior secondary school students are not able to make appropriate career choices. In order to be able to measure the variables for the study, four research questions were developed. Simple percentage was used to analyze the response to the instrument. The findings from the study indicated that career counseling is required for appropriate career development. Some of the factors that were observed to affect career development include psychological, sociological, educational, hereditary, and economic factors. These play significant role in the career decision making process of secondary school students. Keywords: Career, Development, Students, Secondary School.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Career, Development, Students, Secondary School.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

A study of the role of Non-Governmental Organizations on poverty alleviation in Kabale District: A Case study of Buhara Sub-County

Mategeko Kaguta, James Ssekandi and Festo Kyomya

Abstract: This study is set out to investigate the contribution of nongovernmental organizations on poverty reduction in Kabale District: A case study of Buhara Sub-county. The sample population is both males and females of Buhara Sub-county in all the parishes. The researcher employed survey methods based on questionnaire method of data collection. The questionnaire was administered to beneficiaries and non -beneficiaries both males and females of Buhara Sub-county in all the parishes. Focus group discussions also employed, the researcher interview key informants like LCs youth representatives, women representatives, church leaders and extension workers in Buhara Sub-county. The research questions focused on what is the contribution of NGOs on poverty reduction in Buhara Sub-county; what are the major causes of poverty in Buhara Sub-county; what are the indicators of poverty in Buhara Sub County; what are the possible solutions to the identified causes of poverty?. The findings of the study are on the contribution of non governmental organizations on poverty reduction. The study established that the interventionists NGO’s are to perceive the communities in self- help development project to reduce the poverty. It is when this notion is firmly rooted in them that they can use their interventions in form of technical, financial and material aids to stimulate the benefiting communities to participate actively in promotion of poverty reduction in the district. This study is try to assess the contribution of nongovernmental organization in poverty reduction in Buhara of Kabale. Keywords: Contribution, Investigation, Non-governmental, Organization, Poverty.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Contribution, Investigation, Non-governmental, Organization, Poverty.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Sex differentials in self-concept and academic success among visually impaired pupils in Kenya

*Musalia Musyoka, Moody N. W. and William Kiljana

Abstract: Variation in self concept and academic achievement particularly among the visually impaired pupils has not been conclusively studied. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine if there were gender differences in self-concept and academic achievement among visually impaired pupils in Kenya. The population of the study was 291 visually impaired pupils. A sample of 262 respondents was drawn from the population by stratified random sampling technique based on their sex (152 males and 110 females). Two instruments were used in this study: Pupils’ self-concept and academic achievement test. Data analysis was done at p≤0.05 level of significance. The t test was used to test the relationship between self-concept and achievement. The data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) structure. The study established that there were indeed gender differences in self-concept among visually impaired pupils in Kenya. The study therefore recommend that the lower self-concept observed among boys should be enhanced by giving counseling and early intervention to this group of pupils with a view to helping them accept their disability.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Self concept, visually impaired pupils, gender differences, academic achievement.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Influence of teachers on linguistic course choice, development and utilization in early childhood education programme

*Kipruto Lukwiya, Francis Wambui Garda and Sang Muhoho

Abstract: The teacher is an important factor in teaching and learning of language in Early Childhood Development and Education (ECDE) programme. A well prepared teacher could be very effective in the selection, development and use of materials. However, in Gem District in the Republic of Kenya, concerns have been raised regarding the preparedness of the ECDE teachers in language material selection, development and use. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of influence of teacher factors in selection, development and use of language materials. The study involved 68 teachers (representing 33% of the population) selected by simple random sampling from 115 ECDE centers in Gem District, Kenya. The study was based on descriptive survey design. Data was collected by the use of a questionnaire. The study found that teachers were academically and professionally ill equipped to effectively select, develop and use materials in the language classroom. The study recommends that the Government should harmonize ECDE teacher training program and widen the scope of the curriculum to include practical aspects to enhance sufficient and effective selection, development and use of language materials in the Early Childhood Development and Education Programme.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Teacher factors, language curriculum materials, selection, development, use.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Review

Curriculum reform for elementary education in Nigeria

*Femi G. Bola, Elechi O. Ladipo and Wande F. H

Abstract: Nigeria educational system has gone through various developments recently. The selection and organization of curriculum contents distribution and use of teaching materials and its relevance to the curriculum, the need and aspirations of the society are problems associated with Nigeria educational system. Therefore changes have become imperative in the current curriculum for all the educational levels in Nigeria. This is the crux of this paper. Children and youths of today do not live in a “kid-friendly” world. They face serious problems as never before: problems such as substance abuse, teenage pregnancy and youth violence, among others. These events therefore accentuate the fact that we live in a terrible world. Now more than ever, it dawn on us as educators to be diligent in our efforts to educate the child wholly. Many claim it is no longer enough to simply teach Math or Reading Social Studies or Music, effort should be made in teaching “right from wrong”, hence the need for character training curriculum. The benefits of character training education as highlighted in this paper are immense. It includes among others an admiration for quality of character that assures the young that there is the need to be responsible and to act right. The paper concludes with the fact that the school can give a virtuous foundation through the teaching of character training education as an independent subject in primary, post primary and tertiary levels. Key word: Character, training, reform, curriculum, basic education.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Character, training, reform, curriculum, basic education.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Teachersâ€™ participation, dedication and vision in curriculum development and planning

Full Length Research paper

Abstract: The study was designed to investigate Nigerian science teachers’ involvement, commitment and innovativeness in curriculum development, implementation and change. The sample consisted of 630 secondary school teachers drawn from the six southwestern states of Nigeria. Questionnaire tagged Teachers’ Involvement, Commitment and Innovativeness (TICIQ) was used for data collection. The data collected was analyzed using frequency counts and percentage. The findings are: Teachers are often drafted to classroom implementation of curriculum reforms but are seldom involved in the development and how best to implement such reforms; The teachers are yet to embrace modern methods, approaches and techniques which include the use of computer and internet resources in classroom science teaching; While majority of them are proud to be teachers and may not opt out if given a second chance yet they frown at any attempt to lay them off on account of not being computer literate and internet compliant. The authors concluded that teachers often show resistance and lack of commitment to implementation of curriculum reforms because they are seldom involved in the development and even how best to implement them. They recommended the adoption of grass root approach to curriculum development involving all stakeholders including teachers who would implement the curriculum in the long run. Keyword: Curriculum development and implementation, change, teachers’ involvement and commitment, innovativeness.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Curriculum development and implementation, change, teachers’ involvement and commitment, innovativeness.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Relevance of computer based geography education in secondary schools

*Marcus Z. Dibaba, Abune H. Astatqe and Malatu D. Jolie

Abstract: Several schools in the developing countries face escalating demands on access to finite computer based resources in teaching and learning. Perennial lack of access to relevant educational computer hardware and software often impede geographic instruction in many institutions. In Kenya, there is increased advocacy and adoption of computer resources in Geography education. Yet the context for this implementation has not been examined as to its potency thereby leaving the innovation to chance. The purpose of the study was to establish the availability, extent and potential utilization of computer based resources in Geography education in secondary schools. The design of the study was descriptive surveys that were conducted in Kisumu District of Nyanza Province, Kenya. The study targeted 240 secondary school teachers and 3500 form three high school students. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 80 teachers and 1165 form three Geography students. Questionnaire surveys were used to collect data. To ascertain reliability, the TEST-RETEST reliability procedure was performed. Analysis of data was done by use of descriptive statistics. The study found that no school in Kisumu District had computers dedicated for teaching and learning Geography and computer use for unrelated duties was minimal, uncoordinated and lacking in innovation. The study recommended that it is of necessity to motivate, facilitate and equip secondary school Geography students and teachers with requisite knowledge and expertise on innovative computer uses. Keywords: Computer based-resources, geographic instruction, availability, utilization.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Computer based-resources, geographic instruction, availability, utilization.

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

A novel feedback method on teaching and training in operating theatres in the United Kingdom

Sivasubramaniam S★, Sahni M

Abstract: There is an immense drive and requirement to obtain feedback on teaching and training provided by the consultant trainers in the U.K. Though the General Medical Council has extensive guidance on this, the existing systems have two main drawbacks. First, it places the onus on the trainer to obtain feedback and hence associated with an innate selection bias while choosing the respondents. Second, the minimum requirement in the U.K. to obtain such feedback is only once every 5 years. With a view to address these issues, we devised a novel system; it used an anonymous method to collect and provide continuous feedback on the consultant trainers in an inner district general hospital. We attempted to study the feasibility of such a feedback system. The feedback system that we used was a yearlong continuous process. We present the interim results for a 5-month period. Trainers had no influence or control over the feedback system. The response rate was 75% and there was an overall positive response, with all trainees rating the overall quality of training and trainers as good or excellent. We described in this paper that our novel feedback method demonstrated that it is feasible to obtain feedback in an anonymous, continuous real time fashion.[...] Read More.

Keywords:

2015, 3(1), 1-6;

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