MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

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Biochemical and molecular characterization of hemolytic Bacillus licheniformis strains isolated from shrimp and clam aquacultures

Nermeen A. ElSersy* and Eman A. H. Mohamed

Abstract: A polyphasic approach was used to discriminate among the significantly hemolytic and closely related Bacillus licheniformis strains, NE-1, NE-2 and NE-3. Utilization of the API 20E kit revealed that B. licheniformis NE-1 is unique in its ability to utilize sorbitol as a sole carbon source, whereas B. licheniformis NE-2 is an exceptional in L-arabinose utilization. The phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rDNA 5´end revealed a strong relatedness to B. licheniformis strains found in the GenBank with a similarity percentage ranging from 97 to 99. Moreover, the partial sequences was successfully differentiated among the novel strains. The plasmid pattern is almost the same for the strains and plasmid curing using acridine orange showed no effect on the hemolytic activity of them.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Bacillus licheniformis, aquacultures, hemolytic activity, plasmids, 16S rDNA.

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Effects of UV irradiation on plants

Eissa Piri, Mahdi Babaeian*, Abolfazl Tavassoli and Yasser Esmaeilian

Abstract: Global change will definitely introduce changes in agricultural ecosystems that will affect plant productivity. However, the effects on plants will be different for each region depending on the pre-existing climatic conditions and the adaptation potential of local cultivated species. The solar energy from the sun is essential to support the life on our plant, via the process of photosynthesis. However a small proportion of solar spectrum contains short-wavelength ultraviolet-B light (280 to 320 nm), which is deleterious to life. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer by manmade pollution has substantially increased UV-B light impinging on the earth surface. UV-B affects living organisms by damaging cellular metabolism in several ways, such as dimmers formation in the genetic material DNA, disruption of membrane structure, inactivation of enzymes and generation of highly reactive free radicals. Elevated UV exposure also causes temporary or irreversible damage to the process of photosynthesis. Therefore, increased UV-B radiation would affect the stability of ecosystems and genetic health of living organisms. Many species of plants have evolved mechanisms for protection against deleterious effects of UV-B radiation. Accumulation of the UV-B absorbing pigments such as flavonoids is one of the ways by which plants alleviate the harmful effects of UV-B light.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Global change, agriculture, UV radiation, absorbing compounds.

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Trends of sudden wilt syndrome in sesame plots irrigated with delayed intervals

Hamit Kavak* and Erkan Boydak

Abstract: In this work, sudden wilt syndrome in sesame was investigated during varying irrigation treatments. For the four irrigation intervals numbers of infected plants and infected rows were determined in experiments conducted during growing periods. The resulting data were transformed to percent values and regressed against the irrigation intervals. The correlations between the rates of infected plants and irrigation intervals and between the rates of infected rows and irrigation intervals were assessed separately in replicate and total plots following testing. Positive increases were observed for both categories within total plots. The correlations for the two years were r2 = 0.86 and r2 = 0.85 for the wilted plant category, and r2 = 0.99 and r2 = 1 for the infected row category. Fusariım oxysporum fsp sesame and Macrophomina phaseolina were two of the parasitic pathogens isolated from samples. In addition, parasitic pathogens were not isolated from some of the samples that displayed sudden wilt symptoms. Depending on delays in irrigation within irrigated crops grown in drought and hot regions, sudden wilt syndrome of sesame may increase. The causes of sudden wilt syndrome appear to be parasitic pathogens, drought stress, or the combined effect of both.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Sesame, irrigation intervals, sudden wilt.

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Effect of jujube extract on oxidative injury in heart muscles of exhausted training rats

Sun Liang and Jiang Juan*

Abstract: Jujube is an important plant in traditional Chinese medicine and is recommended for the treatment of some diseases such as tumors and cardiovascular disease related to the production of radical species resulting from oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate effect of jujube extract on oxidative injury in heart muscles of exhausted training rats. Four groups of animals were studied: (a) sedentary control (n = 8); (b) vehicle-treated control (n = 8); (c) low dose of jujube extract-treated rats (n =8); (d) high dose of jujube extract-treated rats (n = 8). Jujube extract-treated rats were orally given 100 or 300 mg/kg body weight jujube extract for 30 days, respectively. Then, all the rats (except for sedentary rats) were submitted twice to 15-min swimming bouts on two different days. Results showed that jujube extract could reduce heart lipid peroxidation level and Bax expression, increase heart antioxidant enzymes activities and Bcl-2 expression, and improve heart function.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Exhausted training, rat, jujube, oxidative.

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Haematological parameters in blood of maedi-visna virus-infected and uninfected sheep

Serkal Gazyagci*, Ahmet Kursat Azkur, and Muhammet Eren Aslan

Abstract: The maedi-visna virus (MVV) classified as a lentivirus of the retroviridae family, causes a very common economically important disease in sheep, in many parts of the worlds. Presences of the infection in Turkey have been shown by researches in previous studies. In this study all blood samples were examined by ELISA and PCR to detect MVV antibody and antigen responses, respectively. Hematological findings were monitored and comparing antibody and antigen positive naturally infected (n= 5), antibody positive and antigen negative (n=20), antibody and antigen negative (n=20) in sheep was done. When infected sheep were compared with control sheep, Hgb and MPV parameters were shown statistically different (P 0.001). These findings suggested that MVV infections should be considered as an important health risk for sheep flock and Hgb and MPV blood parameters may be helpful to diagnosis of MVV.[...] Read More.

Keywords: ELISA, hematology, lentivirus, PCR, sheep.

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Aerobic composting of water lettuce for preparation of phosphorus enriched organic manure

Sadia Kanwal*, Shazia Iram, Matiullah Khan and Iftikhar Ahmad

Abstract: In this study, rock phosphate (RP- compost) enriched composts were prepared by mixing rock phosphate with water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) with and without effective microbes. The treatment comprised of four types and includes control plant material (water lettuce), water lettuce and rock phosphate (WL+RP), water lettuce, rock phosphate, effective microorganisms (WL+RP+EM) and water lettuce, rock phosphate, effective microorganisms and urea (WL+RP+EM+Urea). The present investigation indicates that the nutrients availability was enhanced in the compost with the time span. RP-compost had higher total and available P than normal compost. Inoculation with effective microorganisms increased total P, available P and other nutrient contents in the compost like N, K, Zn and B. The trend of pH shows the production of organic acids in the compost was in the ascending order in the initial days, and it was descending after 45 days. Electrical conductivity (EC) of the compost increase with the time span which shows the availability of the nutrients. The soluble phosphorus was decreased in the initial days of the composting while trend became ascending after 45 days of the composting. The trend of the nitrogen release was similar to the phosphorus, but the released nitrogen remained below the content in the control. The trend of available P in the treatments remained as it was decreasing in the control but the availability of the phosphorus was increased in the other treatments particularly in the treatment where WL, RP, EM and urea was applied. This treatment was recorded as P enriched compost, because carbon to nitrogen ratio was also stabilized in this treatment. Thus, RP enriched compost could be an alternative and viable technology to utilize both low grade RPs and re-use water lettuce plant efficiently.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Compost, rock phosphate, water lettuce, effective microbes, urea.

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The in vitro effect of vancomycin on multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus from hospital currency notes

Adegoke Anthony A. and Okoh Anthony I.

Abstract: We determined the in vitro effect of vancomycin on multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates and presumptive roles of plasmid DNA using standard microbiological procedures. A total of 32 paper naira notes from seven different hospital sections (mostly from the patients) were analyzed. Thirteen notes (40.6%) gave isolates of S. aureus and subsequent resistant range of between 62.5 and 100% to frequently prescribed antibiotics. The same set of isolates showed three (23.1%) to be susceptible and ten (76.9%) to be resistant to vancomycin. Five of the latter ten isolates produced beta lactamase and became susceptible to some of the multidisc antibiotics and vancomycin, after the plasmid curing. This presumptively reflects important role of plasmid DNA in conferring resistance to microorganisms as a means of their adaptation especially in the vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA). The increasing resistance to vancomycin could cause major problems to public health as it was often regarded as the last line of defense against nosocomial and community based S. aureus infection.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Vancomycin, multidrug, plasmid, beta lactamase, antibiotic resistance.

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Study on productivity of epilithic algae in Urumqi River Basin in Northwest China

Li Lanhai, Mupenzi Jean de la Paix*, Chen Xi, Achal Varenyam, Bao Amning and Habiyaremye Gabriel

Abstract: The primary objective of this study was to make a deep investigation on the concentration of chlorophyll a and ash-free dry mass (AFDM) estimates for algae growing on stones in Urumqi River located in an arid region of northwest China. The study was conducted on three sites. A highly improved method for measuring primary productivity in situ was used to estimate the primary production of algae growing on rocks (or algae epilithic) deposited in surface water. The results showed a low biomass with mean chlorophyll a content that was estimated at 5.9 mg/m 2 in the Urumqi River. Of the three sites studied, the mean gross primary productivity of periphyton was 394.89 mgC/m2 day and AFDM 344.75 mg/m2. The analysis of correlation between chlorophyll a and altitude was found to be a curve of anti- hyperbola. Total phosphorus and chlorophyll a was in equilibrium with that between chlorophyll a and total nitrogen.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Epilithic algae, phytoplankton productivity, chlorophyll a, ash-free dry mass (AFDM).

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Better criterion screening for left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram with different purposes

Ai Song, Tian Chang Li*, Ning Li Wang*, Yuan Bo Liang, and Yi Peng

Abstract: According to the recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram (ECC) of AHA/ACCF/HRS declared in 2009, there are more than 30 criteria for diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The sensitivity of the various criteria is generally quite low. However, the specificity of ECG in LVH could be 85 to 90%, acting as a strong predictor for cardiovascular events. To investigate the proper criteria in epidemiological screening with different purpose, 5209 qualified ECG out of 6830 people were selected from cross-sectional Handan eye study. Two criteria were chosen: (1) Sokolow-Lyon index, sum of SV1+RV5 or V6 35 mm; (2) Cornell voltage duration product, men: (SV3+RaVL)×QRS duration 2440 ms; women: (SV3+(RaVL+8 mV))×QRS duration 2440 ms. The ECG-LVH group contains 829 individuals (12.18% of the cohort), including 607 by Sokolow-Lyon index and 278 by Cornell voltage duration product. After data estimation, we found that there were no statistical differences between ECG-LVH population and normal population. While evaluated these data in the group that have retinopathy without diabetes, the Sokolow- Lyon index and Cornell voltage duration product were statistically different with normal population (P= 0.023 and P= 0.014, respectively). We use the simple MiniMental State Examination (MMSE) to evaluated the mental status of the population and found that when the score was above 15, there was no statistically different between the positive and negative people in Sokolow-Lyon index (P= 0.135); however, in evaluated Cornell voltage duration product, there was statistical difference (P=0.001). When we evaluated the data associated with atherosclerotic factors, we found no differences in Cornell voltage-duration product; as for the Sokolow -Lyon index, the differences were shown in systolic blood pressure, total cholesterols and uric acid (P= 0.03, 0.04 and 0.04, respectively). Different criterion should be chosen for different purposes. For atherosclerotic screening or epidemiological survey of cardiovascular diseases, the Sokolow-Lyon index might be better. If we use the criterion for epidemiological ophthalmology such as our Handan eye study, both Sokolow-Lyon index and Cornell voltage duration product could be used. As for the evaluation of mental status and its relationship with the LVH risk factors, we might choose Cornell voltage duration product.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Left ventricular hypertrophy, electrocardiagram, Sokolow-L(l)yon index, Cornell voltage-duration product.

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Screening of lactobacilli bacteria isolated from gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens for their use as probiotic

R. Majidzadeh Heravi, H. Kermanshahi, M. Sankian*, M. R. Nassiri, A. Heravi Moussavi, L. Roozbeh Nasiraii and A. R. Varasteh*

Abstract: A study was conducted to isolate lactobacilli from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of broiler chickens and to evaluate their application as a probiotic supplement. The GI contents of 12 broiler chickens from three different ages were collected and cultured on Man Rogosa and Sharp (MRS) agar. In order to determine bacterial species, different grown colonies were separated and subjected to the sequencing of the 16s ribosomal DNA fragment. An auto-aggregation test was performed for 39 isolated lactobacilli bacteria. Eight species were selected because of their convenient aggregation. In vitro tests including antibacterial activity, resistance to low pH, resistance to bile extract, ability to produce H2O2, cell surface hydrophobicity and adhesion activities on crop epithelial cells were performed for evaluating of probiotic potential for each strain. These tests were ranked according to their priority for probiotic strains. The total score obtained from different experiments is indicator of suitable strain. Under the in vitro conditions and with respects to the probiotic traits, Lactobacillus salivarius caeca4 and Lactobacillus crispatus caeca10 were suggested as probiotic strain, and can be evaluated in an in vivo conditions of commercial birds.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Lactobacilli, probiotic, gastrointestinal tract, chicken.

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