MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

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Investigation of lactobacilli from motherâ€™s breast milk who were placed on probiotic diet

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: Human milk contains a group of bacteria with potential to be used as probiotics but the origin of these bacteria is debated. This study was aimed to identify and isolate lactobacilli in breast milk and investigate the role of consuming probiotic supplements on the lactobacilli microflora of breast milk. Ten out of twenty mothers were placed on the probiotic diet and the others were considered as controls. The breast milks of these mothers were cultured on MRS. The whole genome of 16s ribosomal DNA of different colonies was amplified using polymerase chain reaction for identification down to the strain level. Finally Lactobacillus rhamnosus LC705 was isolated just from four mothers who were placed on probiotic diet. Since this strain was dominant bacteria in capsules which used as a source of probiotic diets, it may imply that modulation of the mother’s intestinal microflora can have an effect on the health of infants and therefore, would open new perspectives for using breast milk as a source of probiotic bacteria with bacteriotherapy approach.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Probiotic capsules, lactobacilli, breast milk, polymerase chain reaction.

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Street foods: Handling, hygiene and client expectations in a World Heritage Site Town, Cape Coast, Ghana

A. Annan-Prah*, D. H. A. K. Amewowor, J. Osei-Kofi, S. E. Amoono, S. Y. Akorli, E. Saka and H. A. Ndadi

Abstract: Handling, vending and hygienic quality of street foods available to local residents, internal and foreign tourists to Cape Coast, the most important tourism hub in Ghana, were investigated. Questionnaires assessed stakeholder commitment to and expectations of food hygiene. Laboratory analysis evaluated microbial contamination levels of the street foods. Patronised by both local residents and tourists, foreign tourists put the hygienic safety as the principal criterion over curiosity and price to patronise street foods. Although licences had been given to 27 (54%) of the 50 investigated food vendors, only 15 (55.5%) of the licensed vendors had had medical examination (8 only once and 7 annually). Food vending premises visibly needed improvement in sanitation. The foods had the following bacterial contamination levels in colony forming units per gram (cfu/g): meat pie (1.3 × 105), khebab (5 × 104), rice with stew (4.1 × 105), fried fish (8 × 104), pepper sauce (1.4 × 105), etsew or banku (3 × 105), beans with gari (2 × 104), fufu (1.6 × 105) wakye (6.6 × 105) and dakua (2.3 × 105). Presence of Escherichia coli of faecal origin was detected in all investigated food samples. Khebab, fried fish and beans with gari had acceptable bacterial contamination levels of[...] Read More.

Keywords: Tourism, street foods, Cape Coast, Ghana.

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Staphylococci and other selected microbiota associated with indigenous traditional beer

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: The nature and origin of indigenous traditional beer, makes it is prone to spoilage by a variety of microbiota in particular post-fermentation. In this study, samples of commercially and homebrewed indigenous traditional beer were collected using sterile sampling Whirl-pak® bags from local informal brewers in typical marginal urban settlements of South Africa. Both commercially and homebrewed traditional beer recorded the mean counts for total coliforms and Staphylococcus spp. circa 105 cfu.ml-1 whereas the mean TVC and total fungi counts amounted to 106 and 107 cfu.ml-1, respectively. The counts from homebrewed indigenous traditional beer were about one log-phase higher than its commercial counterpart. Further characterisation of staphylococci identified Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus homonis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. S. aureus was the dominant species in both traditional beers and S. saprophyticus and S. homonis were the least identified. The implementation of sanitation guidelines, licensing of informal brewers, training programmes in aspects such as good manufacturing practices, five keys to safer food is a prerequisite in the study area and the rest of South Africa.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Indigenous traditional beer, food safety, microbiota, staphylococci.

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Microbiological changes in Lighvan cheese throughout its manufacture and ripening

Mirzaei H.

Abstract: The aim of this research was to monitor the microbiological changes throughout the manufacture and ripening of Lighvan cheese. In summer 2009, ten independent batches of cheese were manufactured by experienced workers without any intervention by the researcher. Duplicate samples of raw milk, coagulum and 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days old cheese were analyzed. The main groups, such as mesophilic Lactococci, thermophilic Lactococci, mesophilic Lactobacilli, thermophilic Lactobacilli, Enterococci, and the total aerobic count reached its highest levels during the first 15 days and then declined approximately 2 to 3 log units until the end of ripening. The number of coliforms, Micrococci, and Staphylococcus increased at early phases of manufacturing and at the end of the manufacturing and ripening phase they showed a falling trend. The number of yeasts throughout this phase decreased at the rate of 3 log units. Generally, we may claim that in ripening Lighvan cheese a large number of different microbes were involved and its hygienic matters call for more attention.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Lighvan cheese, microbiological changes, manufacturing, ripening.

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Bacterial community associated with bovine tripe sold in Mafikeng Municipality, South Africa

Ndeddy Aka R. J. and Babalola Olubukola O.*

Abstract: Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from tripe purchased from five butcher shops within the Mafikeng Municipality. Samples were subjected to bacteriological examination using standard methods. Mean counts (log10 cfu/g) obtained from bleached and unbleached tripe samples for aerobic plate counts (5.62 and 7.00), Enterobacteriaceae (4.09 and 4.61), Pseudomonas (4.20 and 4.57), lactic acid bacteria (2.15 and 2.35) and Micrococci/Staphylococci (3.82 and 5.61) were noted. Enterobacteriaceae on Violet Red Bile Agar were identified as; Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., Providencia stuartii (0.85%), Hafnia alvei (7.63%), Citrobacter spp., Salmonella arizonae (3.39%), Erwinia spp. (0.85%), Moellerella wisconsensis (3.39%), Pantoea spp. (0.85%), and Yersinia kristensii (0.85%). A large percentage of Enterobacteriaceae (98.48%) strains tested against nine antibiotics showed resistance to one or more. Some species from the genera Serratia, Enterobacter and Escherichia coli were resistant to seven out of the nine antibiotics. Highest resistance patterns were observed against nalidixic acid (96.4%) and ampicillin (75%). All isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Inadequate processing of bovine tripe sold at some butcher shops in Mafikeng poses a potential health risk to consumers due to their poor bacteriological quality and high frequency of antibiotic resistant agents. Resistant strains can be passed to the human population via consumption of such products.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Enterobacteriaceae, bacteriological quality, tripe, bleached, unbleached, antibiotic resistance.

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Fungal sinusitis in immunocompromised hosts

Tayfun Apuhan*, Abdulkadir Küçükbayrak and Ismail Hakyemez

Abstract: The term “immunocompromised host” is generally applied to a variety of patients with various immune defects. Invasive rhinosinusitis is defined by the presence of local inflammation, with vascular and osseous necrosis with extensive soft tissue extension, and occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised patients. Fungi have been increasingly recognized as important pathogens in severe acute and chronic sinusitis in immunosuppressed hosts. Earlier recognition of the disease, medical attention specific to the patient’s needs are required. After medical remission, significant complications of invasive fungal infection may be seen. Patients should be followed in the long-term, until remucosalization of the sinuses. Key word: Fungal sinusitis, immunocompromised hosts, rhinosinusitis, immune defects.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Fungal sinusitis, immunocompromised hosts, rhinosinusitis, immune defects.

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Seroprevalence of caprine brucellosis and associated risk factors in South Omo Zone of Southern Ethiopia

Tigist Ashagrie, Yosefe Deneke and Tadele Tolosa*

Abstract: A cross - sectional study was conducted in Hammer and Dasenech Districts of South Omo Zone to determine seroprevalence of caprine brucellosis and its potential risk factors. Simple random sampling method was used to select 384 adult goats with no previous history of vaccination against brucellosis in the two districts. Modified Rose Bengal Plate Test (mRBPT) and complement fixation test (CFT) were used as screening and confirmatory tests, respectively. The results revealed that 16 goats (4.2%) were found seropositive for caprine brucellosis by mRBPT test and CFT. Seroprevalence of caprine brucellosis was not significantly affected by sex, age and flock size while it was significantly associated with abortion rate and parity number. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that brucellosis is prevalent at a low rate in South Omo Zone and appropriate control measures should be employed to prevent the spread of the infection to other animals.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Caprine brucellosis, seroprevalence, South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

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Nasal carriage and methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in patients and hospital staff in a tertiary referral center setting

S. Citak*, F. N. Bayazit and F. Aksoy

Abstract: The prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were studied from June 2006 – 2007 among in patients and hospital staff in a tertiary referral center setting in Ankara, Turkey. Methicillin resistance was evaluated by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Of 438 people, 106 (24.2%) were nasal carriers of S. aureus. The prevalence of nasal carriers for S. aureus were not significantly different between the hospital staff, in-patients and out-patients (p>0.05). The overall prevalence of MRSA was 23.6%. The prevalence of MRSA carrier hospital staffs and in-patients was not significantly different (p>0.05). However, the prevalence of MRSA was higher in the medical staffs and in-patients compared to out-patients (p[...] Read More.

Keywords: Nasal carrier, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients and hospital staff.

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The prevalence of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in local cheese produced in Sarab city, Iran and its public health implication

J. Akbarmehr

Abstract: Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by different species of Brucella. The main sources of human brucellosis for general population are dairy products prepared from raw milk. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in unpasteurized cheese produced in Sarab city. For this purpose, a total of 1000 cheese samples were collected from Sarab city and its rural area from September 2006 till September 2007. Samples were cultured on selective Brucella agar and incubated at 37°C for a period of 2 weeks. Brucella species were confirmed by biochemical tests and then serological screening was performed by specific Brucella antisera. Overal, among 1000 samples which were examined by bacteriological tests, Brucella organisms were isolated from 22 samples (2.2%), seven of which (0.7%) were B. melitensis and the rest 15 positive samples (1.5%) were B. abortus. The prevalence rates of Brucella organisms in examined cheese samples in autumn, winter, spring, and summer were determined 2.42, 1.39, 2.5 and 2.62% respectively. This study revealed the public health hazard of local cheese produced in Sarab city.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Brucella, cheese, Sarab.

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Isolation and identification of N-acylhomoserin lactone degrading bacteria from potato rhizosphere

Esmaeil Mahmoudi*, Nader Hasanzadeh, Badraldin Ebrahim Sayed Tabatabaei and Vittorio Venturi

Abstract: In many Gram-negative bacteria, including a number of pathogens such as Pectobacterium carotovorum, virulence factor production and many functions are linked to the quorum sensing (QS) systems that use diffusible N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as intercellular messenger molecules. A number of organisms also contain genes that hydrolyze AHLs into inactive products, thereby blocking the quorum-sensing systems. In this study, the diversity of bacteria that inactivate N -AHL signal in soil and potato rhizoshere was investigated. Among 139 isolated strains, eighteen N-AHL degrading isolates were finally identified as genera Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Mesorhizobium, Pseudomonas and Streptomyces using polyphasic approaches. All these isolates were capable to degraded both synthetic and natural N-AHL produced by Pectobacterium atrosepticum strain SM1. In quenching experiments selected isolates, especially Bacillus sp. EM84, were markedly reduced the pathogenicity of PaSM1 in potato tubers and totally suppressed tissue maceration on potato tubers. These results reveal the diversity of the QS interfering bacteria in the rhizosphere and demonstrate the validity of targeting QS signal molecules to control pathogens with natural bacterial isolates.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Quorum sensing, acyl-homoserin lactone, quorum quenching, biocontrol.

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