Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Targeting FAD2 Gene with RNAi for Enhanced Oleic Acid Composition in Transgenic Brassica napus
Tian Baoming1, Sun Dandan1, Lian Yuli2, Shu Haiyan1, Ling Hua1, Zang Xin1, Wang Bonan1 and Pei Zhenqiang1
1Bioengineering Department, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
2Chaoyang Teachers College, Chaoyang, 122500, China.
Accepted 1 April, 2025
Oleate- 12 desaturase (FAD2) is a key enzyme involved in the conversion of oleic acid (C18:1) into linoleic acid (C18:2). Brassica napus FAD2 gene was targeted for silencing by its RNAi gene under the control of a seed-specific napin promoter. This study aims to identify the transgenic plants, and analyze the level of BnFAD2 transcripts in addition to fatty acid profile in T3 seeds. As indicated by PCR and southern blotting analysis, a total of six transgenic plants were developed. Analysis performed by RT-PCR revealed the significant down-regulation of BnFAD2 transcripts in developing T3 seeds, which resulted in 13.90 to 32.20% increase of oleic acid composition in mature T 3 seeds. The data demonstrated that BnFAD2 gene was efficiently down-regulated and mediated by its RNAi gene, and oleic acid composition in transgenic rapeseeds was significantly enhanced.
Key words: RNAi, oleate- 12 desaturase (FAD2) gene, oleic acid, Brassica napus.
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (6), pp. 001-008, June, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Cold-Active Alkaline Protease from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Optimization and Detergent Industry Applications
Mohammed Kuddus1* and Pramod W. Ramteke2
1Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow – 226026, India.
2Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Allahabad –
211007, India.
Accepted 09 March, 2025
Biodetergents are preferred over the conventional synthetic detergents in view of their better cleaning properties, low energy input and the alleviation of pollution. The biodetergents derived from mesophilic/thermophilic organisms and also peroxide-based synthetic detergents require high temperature for their optimum activity. Thus, cold-active enzymes are very useful as they work at lower temperatures and do not require the input of energy. The purpose of the present study was the production optimization and purification of cold-active alkaline protease from a novel psychro-tolerant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia MTCC 7528 and its application as a detergents additive for cold washing. Psychro-tolerant proteolytic bacterium S. maltophilia MTCC 7528 was isolated from soil of Gangotri glacier, Western Himalaya, India that produced maximum protease (56.2 U/ml) at 20°C and pH 9.0 after 120 h incubation in shaking condition (120 rev/min). The purified enzyme has molecular weight of 75 kDa with maximum activity and stability at pH 10 and 20°C temperature. It showed excellent compatibility with commercial detergents with improved cleansing power at low temperature. The enzyme completely removed blood and grass stains and increases the reflectance by 26 and 23%, respectively. Enzyme-based detergents find a wide range of applications in laundry and textile industries. Cold- active alkaline protease from psychro-tolerant S. maltophilia may be a potential component to be used as a detergent additive for cold washing that will be beneficial to save energy as they work at lower temperatures.
Key words: Alkaline protease, biodetergent, cold-active enzymes, wash performance.
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibiotic Resistance in Non-Typhoid Salmonella Isolates from Humans and Poultry in Egypt and Algeria
Abdelhakim Aouf1,2, Yamina Messai1, Mohammed S. Salama3, Hala M. Aboushady2, Mervat G. El-Anany4, Souhila Alouache1 and Rabah Bakour1*
1Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology
Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria.
2Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
3Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
4Microbiology Laboratory, Kasr Alainy Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
Accepted 28 March, 2025
Seventy six non-typhoid Salmonella were isolated from both human and poultry in Egypt and Algeria and tested for their antibiotics resistance. The incidence of multiple antibiotics resistance was high. To study -lactams resistance mechanisms, double disk synergy test (DDST) with and without cloxacilline was used, results revealed the production of extended spectrum - lactamases (ESBLs) and cephalosporinase in seven and one human Egyptian isolates, respectively. The seven ESBL isolates were identified as Salmonella enterica serotype Poona and their molecular typing by ERIC-PCR revealed unrelated genetic patterns, indicating that these isolates are not clonal. The Cephalosporinase-ESBL- producing isolate was identified as S. enterica serotype Hadar. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers showed the presence of blaTEM and blaSHV genes, respectively, in all and four ESBL producers, and blaAmpC gene was detected in cephalosporinase-producing isolate. Genetic transfer by conjugation and plasmid profiles analysis showed that these genes and their resistance markers were transferable in association with plasmids of 60 kb for ESBLs and 64 and 3.2 kb for AmpC cephalosporinase.
Key words: Non-typhoid Salmonella, extended spectrum -lactamases, cephalosporinase, Egypt, Algeria.
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (5), pp. 001-010, May, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Survival Strategies of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus in Seawater: Impact of Long-Term Starvation on Virulence and Cellular Characteristics
Fethi Ben Abdallah1,2*, Ali Ellafi1, Rihab Lagha1, Héla Kallel2 and Amina Bakhrouf1
1Laboratoire d’Analyse, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l’Environnement et des Produits, Faculté de
Pharmacie Rue Avicenne, Monastir 5000, Tunisie.
2Unité de Fermentation et de Développement de Vaccins Virologiques, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, 1002, Tunisie.
Accepted 1 March, 2025
In this study, we incubated Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus (marine food-borne pathogens bacteria) in seawater for 8 months to study their morphologic, proteomic and genetic responses to starvation. The atomic force micrographs of stressed strains showed a reduction of the cells size and an evolution to two coccoid-shape forms whose length is less than 0.4 m and between 0.5 and 1 m. Extracellular protein patterns and gelatinase profiles of stressed bacteria were also altered. Indeed, these modifications were manifested by the appearance and/or disappearance of bands as well as in the level of expression of certain proteins. In addition, we also searched for the presence of eight Vibrio cholerae virulence genes: toxR, toxS, toxRS, ctxA, zot, ace, toxT, and Virulence Pathogenicity Island (VPI) in the genome of investigated strains. The expression level of VPI gene studied by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was decreased, whereas the mRNA quantities of toxR, toxS, and ace in starved Vibrio remained stable.
Key words: Vibrio, seawater, alterations, morphology, proteins secreted, virulence gene expression, RT-PCR.
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Intestinal Parasitic Infections Among Primary School Students in a Rural Region of Iran: A 2008 Study
Khosrow Hazrati Tappe1, Habib Mohammadzadeh1, Shahla Khashaveh1, Baratali Rezapour2 and Afshin Barazesh3*
1Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
2Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
3Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, The Persian Gulf Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 3631, Bushehr, Iran.
Accepted 1 March, 2025
Duplicate stool specimens from 405 primary school attending students of Barandooz-Chay region of Urmia district were tested for intestinal parasites. Besides, duplicate scotch tape slides were obtained and examined microscopically for Enterobius vermicularis and Taenia sp. eggs. A questionnaire containing demographic data was filled for every case, and the relationship between them and the parasitic infection was assayed. Overall, intestinal parasitic prevalence was 42.5%. Prevalence of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis, Iodamoeba butschlii, Enterobius vermicularis and Hymenolepis nana was 20.5, 14.6, 13.3, 2.5, 10.6 and 0.2%, respectively. No statistic relation was proved between these infections, having tap water facility at home or family population (except for E. vermicularis), but there was a significant relationship between parents’ education level and family population. According to relatively high prevalence of parasitic infections in the study field, it is necessary to increase hygienic and educational measures.
Key words: Prevalence, intestinal parasites, primary school, Urmia.
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of Pathogenic Bacteria in Household Water: Implications for Water Management and Public Health in Lungwena
Taulo, S.1, 3*, Wetlesen, A.1, Abrahamsen, R.1, Mkakosya, R.2 and Kululanga, G.3
1Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Science, P.O. Box 5003, N-
1432 As, Norway.
2Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, P/B 360, Blantyre, Malawi.
3Faculty of Engineering, University of Malawi, P/B 303, Blantyre, Malawi.
Accepted 8 May, 2025
This study investigated and compared the microbiological quality of source, transported and stored water in Lungwena households. It also examined water management practices at all the investigated points. One hundred and eighty (180) water samples were collected from 6 villages and tested for Escherichia coli, Salmonella, E .coli 0157:H7 and Campylobacter jejuni using standard methods. Water contamination practices were observed in two hundred and eighty seven households. E. coli, Salmonella, E. coli 0157:H7 and C. jejuni were isolated in 54, 24, 6.7 and 2.2% of the samples, respectively. Sampling points revealed a significant difference (p = 0.001) in E. coli concentration. Salmonella concentration between sampling points was not significant (p > 0.05). E. coli concentration was significantly (p = 0.042) higher than that of Salmonella spp. The microbiological quality of water was found to be poor as a result of both poor water management practices and environmental sanitation. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in water management practices among the villages.
Key words: Pathogens, stored water, transport water, water contamination.
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Nitrate: Antimicrobial Properties Against E. coli
Parameswari E., Udayasoorian C., S. Paul Sebastian and R.M. Jayabalakrishnan
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
Accepted 17 September, 2024
Nanotechnology is expected to open new avenues to fight and prevent disease using atomic scale tailoring of materials. Among the most promising nanomaterials with antibacterial properties are metallic nanoparticles, which exhibit increased chemical activity due to their large surface to volume ratios and crystallographic surface structure. In this work we conducted batch experiments to assess the efficiency of silver nanoparticles synthesized by citrate reduction method for their antimicrobial property. The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles and AgNO3 was compared in terms of ESCHERICHIA COLI growth rate, zone of inhibition and time dependent antimicrobial activity. Silver nanoparticles showed 100 per cent growth reduction of E. COLI when treated with 30 µg ml–1 concentrations, whereas the effect was much less at this concentration of AgNO3. Zone of inhibition test was also done for identification of degree of inhibition by using different concentration of AgNO3 and silver nanoparticles. It was found that, 10 µg ml-1 concentration was able to inhibit bacterial growth and created a zone of 0.8 cm by AgNO3 and 1.7 cm by Ag nanoparticles. Thus Ag nanoparticles are found to be efficient candidate for antimicrobial activity than AgNO3.
Key words: Antimicrobial potential, Silver nanoparticles, Escherichia coli.
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (4), pp. 001-011, April, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Characterization and Bioactivity of Jatropha curcas Seed Lectin: Insights into Antifungal Applications
Mahmoud A. Al-Saman1,3, Safinaz A. Farfour2,3, Ahmed A. Tayel1,3, Nashwa M. Rizk2,3
1Industrial Biotechnology Department, 2Environmental Biotechnology Department, 3Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt.
Accepted 12 August, 2017
Lectins are non-immune, carbohydrate-binding proteins, which are very specific for sugar moieties and agglutinate cells or precipitate polysaccharides. Lectin from Egyptian Jatropha curcas seeds was isolated and purified using ammonium sulphate fractionation and gel filtration columns chromatography. The purified lectin has a specific activity of 351.5 hemagglutination unit/mg protein and a molecular weight of 28.00 kDa. The hemagglutination activity of lectin was suppressed by D-glucose, D-mannose and D-galactose. The amino acid composition of the purified lectin contained high ratio of acidic amino acids (38.42%), the hydroxy amino acids (11.10%), with minor amounts of sulfur containing amino acids and cysteine. The purified lectin from J. curcas seeds was heat - stable up to 60 ºC with trypsinized cattle erythrocytes and the hemagglutination activity decreased with increasing temperature. The purified lectin was insensitive from acidic to neutral conditions but was markedly affected by basic pH and the hemagglutination activity was encouraged by Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ ions. The purified lectin showed an antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 70 µg / ml. However, lectin extraction from J. curcas could be recommended as a source for that could be applied as antifungal agent against phytopathogenic fungi.
Keywords: Agglutinin; Hemagglutination activity; Purification; Antifungal; Phytopathogens
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (4), pp. 001-003, April, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Exploring Small Group Discussion as an Educational Strategy in Microbiology for Second-Year MBBS Students: Findings from a Pilot Study at Brims Bidar
*Sudheendra Kulkarni1 and Chandrakanth Chillarge2
1Tutor and Nodal Officer for IDSP. Department of Microbiology, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar, Karnataka.
2Professor and HOD, Department of Microbiology Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar, Karnataka.
Accepted 15 April, 2017
In India, Medical Microbiology subject is included in the curriculum of second year of MBBS. Teaching plays a major role in medical curriculum. There are various modes of teaching Medical microbiology such as lectures, tutorials, demonstrations, seminars, text book method, project method, small group discussions, study tours, problem solving method, team teaching, enquiry approach, videotapes, case studies etc. To teach a large group of students usually lectures are used. And to teach small group of students, demonstrations/ bedside clinics will be preferred. After thorough review of literature, we have found very few studies exist about the small group discussion as a teaching method in India. Hence we have undertaken the present study to observe the effectiveness of small group discussions as an effective teaching method in teaching Medical Microbiology.
Keywords: Microbiology, MBBS Students in Brims Bidar
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (4), pp. 001-010, April, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals
Review
Microbial Surfactants from Enterobacteriaceae: Production, Properties, and Environmental Applications
Alejandro De Jesús Cortés-Sánchez1*, Mayra Diaz-Ramirez2, Alan Javier Hernández-Álvarez3, Felipe García-Ochoa4, Adriana Villanueva-Carvajal5, Liliana León-López6, Alejandra L. San Martín-Azocar7.
1Secretaria de Salud. Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios. Departamento de microbiología,
México.
2Departamento de Alimentos. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM),
Unidad Lerma. Edo. México.
3Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Blvd. W. St. Hyacinthe,
QCJ2S 8E3, Canada.
4Departamento de Biofísica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México.
⦁ Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus Universitario “El Cerrillo” A.P. 435,
Toluca, Estado de México C.P. 50200, México.
8Programa Regional del Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de
Sinaloa, 80000 Culiacán, México.
⦁ Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Biotecnología,
Agronomía. Querétaro-México.
Accepted 08 October, 2016
In spite of being considered to be pathogenic microorganisms, some enterobacterial has the ability to produce biosurfactants (BS). These molecules besides their physicochemical and biological characteristics as emulsifiers, dispersants, stabilizers among others, are widely accepted in the industry since they are biodegradable, and present low toxicity. This has generated studies focused on the identification of new producer microorganisms, as well as the search of new carbon sources, improvement of production processes and the generation of a wide variety of patents. Their use is extensively spread in a diversity of industrial areas such as the pharmaceutic, food and environment, as alternatives of the surfactants derived from oil (which are highly pollutant),generating products and services of added value. In this review the properties and applications of the BS are summarized as well as the major genres of this group of Enterobacteriaceae that have been used for BS's production to update the actual advances on the benefits that these microorganisms possesses as BS producers.
Keywords: biosurfactants, enterobacterial, glycolipids, biotechnology, secondary metabolites.
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative Analysis of Escherichia Coli Concentrations in Shellfish Harvested from Different Sites on the Mediterranean Coast of Morocc
Rachid Boutaib1, Hakima Azhari1, Mohammed Abid2 and Mohammed Marhraoui1
1Institut National de Recherche Halieutique. Laboratoire de microbiologie. Centre Régional de l’INRH. BP. 5268. Dradeb.
Tanger 90000. Maroc.
2Institut Pasteur du Maroc. Département de recherche. 1, Plateau Marchan. Tanger 90000. Maroc
Accepted 11 November, 2016
Monitoring of ESCHERICHIA COLI levels in commercial bivalve shellfish is intended to protect consumer health from foodborne diseases. This study aims to identify if one species can be used as indicator for microbiological contamination of other species present. During 2012, 168 samples of shellfish (clams, cockles and mussels) were analysed for E. COLI by MPN technique. 62.5% of samples complied with regulatory threshold ≤230 MPN and geometric mean were higher in cockles than in clams or mussels in each site. Statistical significance was observed between sites. Seasonally, the highest levels were recorded in wet weather (winter and spring) due to runoff of waters from rainfall and lowest levels were recorded in dry weather (summer) when high temperatures show bactericidal effect. Our findings show cockles could be as sentinel specie for burrowing shellfish, but for non burrowing (mussels), monitoring should be done on this specie.
Keywords: Monitoring, Escherichia coli, Shellfish, MPN
