Abstract
How do social movements contribute to democratization by expanding political participation, spreading democratic values, and shaping political culture? Tilly’s extensive covariation theory posits that social movements can only promote democratization under certain conditions. Building on this theory, this paper examines three specific situations in which social movements advance democratization. In each of these situations, the additional effects generated by social movements must be converted into key factors that foster democratization through emotional, reinforcement, and bonding mechanisms. Using Japan as a case study, the paper argues that while post-1945 top-down reforms laid the foundation, grassroots movements in the 1960s and 1970s were crucial in driving the process. These movements influenced government policies, promoted democratic ideals, and created a cultural environment conducive to democratic development, adapting democratic practices to Japan’s unique context.
Keywords: Social Movements, Japan, Democratization, Covariation Relationship
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