This paper explores the history of International Relations, focusing on and disproving the mythologized origins of the field, particularly the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the establishment of the League of Nations (1919). These events are often regarded as the birth of modern IR, but they overlook the contributions of non-Western civilizations and perspectives. Meanwhile, this paper aims to challenge the Eurocentric narrative that has dominated IR theory and practice and also analyzes how historical power dynamics, such as colonialism, have influenced the formation of Eurocentrism. The research employs historical analysis and a comprehensive literature review to explore the development of IR, specifically analyzing the histories of China and the Middle East. By examining the historical interactions, political systems, and diplomatic traditions in these regions, the study attempts to explore IR before 1648 and 1919, highlighting the different forms of diplomacy, statecraft, and interstate cooperation that existed across civilizations Additionally, the study employs a literature review to critically analyze academic research and explore how the Western-dominated IR discipline has overlooked the historical experiences and theoretical contributions of these non-Western regions. Ultimately, this paper concludes that IR existed long before 1648 and 1919, which challenges the Eurocentric view that these timings marked the birth of modern IR. It also argues that IR history has been shaped by oversimplified and Western-dominated narratives, and calls for a more inclusive approach that incorporates non-Western perspectives and histories, promoting a truly global understanding of the field.

Keywords: International Relations, Historical Milestone, Eurocentrism, Non-Western Perspectives, Distinct Political Systems

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Conflicts of Interest:

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to report regarding the present study.

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The Historical Foundations of International Relations: Evidence of Practices Before 1648 and 1919