MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

文章

Somatic embryogenesis in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from apical meristem tissues from â€˜zebiaâ€™ and â€˜lokoâ€™ landraces

Somatic embryogenesis in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from apical meristem tissues from ‘zebia’ and ‘loko’ landraces

Abstract: The shoot apical meristem from young suckers were used as sources of explants for initiation of culture using MS basal medium which contained 2,4-D. This was incubated at 27oC in the dark. Callogenesis was observed as early as the second subculture. Continuous subculture of the callus in the establishment medium at about the third subculture from calls production, resulted in somatic embryo formation. The somatic embryos were then transferred to MS medium without hormones under light where they matured after about two subcultures and developed into shoots. The shoots produced roots when transferred to a medium which contained NAA at 0.1 mg/L.[...] Read More.

Keywords: somatic embryogenesis, date palm, in vitro, micropropagation.

Full text

Download：773

文章

Photoperiodism in Digitaria exilis (Kipp) Stapf accessions

A.A. Aliero and J.A. Morakinyo*

Abstract: Three varieties of Digitaria exilis namely, white mbulus, jakashale and red dapys were grown in planting chamber and the effect of photoperiod on flowering was investigated. The photoperiods were eleven, twelve and thirteen hours. Highly significant differences (p[...] Read More.

Keywords: Digitaria exilis, photoperiods, flowering.

Full text

Download：744

文章

Anther culture response in indica rice and variations in major agronomic characters among the androclones of a scented cultivar, Karnal local

Bidhan Roy, Asit B. Mandal*

Abstract: Effect of organic adjuvants, synthetic plant hormones and diverse carbon sources in influencing anther culture response in five indica rice genotypes (IR 72, Mansarovar, Taraori Basmati, Pusa Basmati and Karnal local 95) were assessed. Androgenic callus induction as well as green plantlet regeneration was more when callus was induced on N6 fortified with 100 mg L-1 YE. However, coconut water (5 and 10% concentrations from Pink Dwarf variety) encouraged green plantlet regeneration only in Karnal local 95. High callus induction was observed with synthetic hormones in comparison to the control set. However, green plantlet regeneration was observed when callus induction medium (CIM) was supplemented with 2, 4-D and IBA in Taraori Basmati and Karnal local 95. Among the varieties Pusa Basmati and Karnal local 95 showed better callus inductions on N6 supplemented with 6% maltose. Maximum callus induction was observed in Pusa Basmati and Karnal local 95 when 6% sucrose or maltose were used as carbon source. Total plantlet regeneration was cent percent in Taraori Basmati when CIM was supplemented with maltose (6%). Maximum green plants were obtained when CIM was added with maltose (6%) for Karnal local 95. Plantlet regeneration in the present study was found to be very low. Androgenic plantlets derived from the scented indica rice, Karnal local 95, were evaluated under field condition to assess variability among segregating A2 generation. Overall mean values in respect of some major agronomic characters viz. plant height, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, spikelet sterility (%) and grain yield per plant were reduced except number of panicles per plant. High CV was observed for filled grains per panicle, grains yield per plant and number of panicles per plant suggesting the existence of high variation among the androclones for those characters. Positive selection deems to be improvising those characters. The frequency distribution for number of panicles per plant and panicle length varied largely among the androclones in both direction of the parental mean. Whereas, all the androclones were found to be shorter than the parent and low yielder too. This study elucidates that the genetic modulation through exploitation of androclonal variation is a feasible proposition in scented indica rice.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Scented rice, anther culture, androclonal variation, genetic improvement.

Full text

Download：789

文章

Response of Musa species to macro-propagation. I: Genetic and initiation media effects on number, quality and survival of plantlets at prenursery and early nursery stages

Baiyeri, K. P.* and Aba, S. C.

Abstract: Ricehull and sawdust were evaluated as Musa sucker plantlet initiation media using five genotypes as test plants. Sword-sucker-corms whose apical dominance was physically destroyed were planted and evaluated for plantlet production during a period of about five months. The number, quality and pattern of plantlets produced and their survival were studied. Results showed that initiation media had statistically similar effects on most parameters measured. However, number of days to the emergence of the second and third plantlets was significantly (P[...] Read More.

Keywords: Musa genotypes, plantlets initiation media, survival in nursery.

Full text

Download：756

文章

Response of Musa species to macro-propagation. II: The effects of genotype, initiation and weaning media on sucker growth and quality in the nursery

Baiyeri K. P.

Abstract: Sucker plantlets of five Musa genotypes were derived from sword-sucker-corms using ricehull and sawdust as initiation media. Plantlets initiated were transferred to three weaning/rooting media formulated with ricehull (RH), sawdust (SD) and poultry manure (PM). Weaning media and genotypes had significant (P[...] Read More.

Keywords: Sucker-plantlets, weaning media, genotypic responses, growth quality.

Full text

Download：831

文章

Callus proliferation and somatic embryogenesis in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Ikram-ul-Haq

Abstract: Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration are fundamental to tissue culture biotechnology in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cv. Coker 312. Callus proliferation was considered best on MS1a (2.0 mg/L NAA; 0.1 mg/L ZT; 0.1 mg/L KT) when 6 weeks old callus was cultured from MS1b (0.1 mg/L 2, 4- D; 0.5 mg/L KT) medium, there is no need to select embryogenic calli for somatic embryogenesis, as all of them were converted to somatic embryos. NH4NO3 play an important role in differentiation of callus into somatic embryos but is lethal for embryos just after two weeks. However, KNO 3 is less efficient for somatic embryo induction but is best for embryo maturation. By this procedure 56.51% cotyledenary embryos were developed within 5 weeks. Of that, 82.05% cotyledenary embryos were developed not only into normal plantlets, but rooted simultaneously when cultured on MS (with 0.05 mg/L GA3) medium. A complete plant of Cocker-312 could be regenerated through somatic embryogenesis within 4 to 5 months.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum L,plant regeneration, Coker 312, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, in vitro regeneration.

Full text

Download：758

文章

Role of bioinoculants in development of salt-tolerance of Vicia faba plants under salinity stress

G. H. Rabie* and A. M. Almadini

Abstract: Through biological inoculation technology, the bacterial-mycorrhizal-legume tripartite symbiosis in saline conditions was documented and the effects of dual inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense (NFB) and Arbuscular mycorrhizal (Am) fungus Glomus clarum on the host plants (Vicia faba) in pot cultures were investigated at five NaCl levels (0.0 – 6.0 dSm-1) in irrigating water. Am faba plants showed decreases in salinity tolerance, % of mycorrhizal infection and higher accumulation of proline with increasing levels of salinity. Am infection significantly increased tolerance of salinity, mycorrhizal dependency, phosphorus level, phosphatases enzymes, nodule number, nitrogen level, protein content and nitrogenase enzymes of all salinized faba plants in comparison with control and non-Am plants either in the absence and presence of NFB. In shoot system of non-Am plants, Na+ concentration was increased while the concentrations of K+, Mg+ and Ca+ were decreased with raising salinity stress. In Am plants, K+/Na+ , Mg+/Na+ and Ca+/Na+ ratios were higher than that of non-Am plants at all salinity levels. The Na+ level in shoots of Am plants showed slight increase with raising salinity meanwhile, K+ and Ca+ concentrations showed noticeable increases especially at higher salinity levels. The results clearly showed that the inoculation of NFB to Am plants had potentiality to increase the effects of Am fungi under salinity stress. This study provides evidence for benefits of NFB to Am fungus in the protection of host plants against the detrimental effects of salt. If so, bacterial- Am-legume tripartite symbioses could be a new approach to increase the salinity tolerance of legumes plants under salinity conditions.[...] Read More.

Keywords: legumes mineral nutrition, mycorrhiza, nitrogen fixing bacteria, symbioses.

Full text

Download：860

文章

Effect of metal ion concentration on the biosorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by Caladium bicolor (wild cocoyam)

Michael Horsfall Jnr* and Ayebaemi I. Spiff

Abstract: The influence of initial metal ion concentration of the batch sorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ onto a low -cost biosorbent was investigated. The experimental results were analysed in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. According to the evaluation using Langmuir equation, the monolayer sorption capacity obtained were 49.53 and 65.50 mM/g for Pb2+ and Cd2+, respectively The data further showed that, sorption of the two divalent metals onto the biomass increased with increase in initial metal ion concentration until monolayer coverage is attained. The thermodynamic assessment of the metal ion – Caladium bicolor biomass system indicates the feasibility and spontaneous nature of the process and Go was evaluated as ranging from –4.55 to –6.63 KJ mol-1 and –4.02 to –6.09 KJ mol-1 for Pb2+ and Cd2+ sorption, respectively. The order of magnitude of the Go values indicates an ion-exchange physisorption process. Keywords: Phytoremediation, cocoyam, adsorption, water treatment, heavy metals removal.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Phytoremediation, cocoyam, adsorption, water treatment, heavy metals removal.

Full text

Download：793

文章

Implicating roles of animal reservoir hosts in the resurgence of Gambian trypanosomosis (Sleeping Sickness)

J. N. Abenga* and I. A. Lawal

Abstract: Gambian trypanosomosis (Sleeping Sickness) is a complex and debilitating disease of man. For many years the disease has been ravaging in several parts of sub-saharan Africa despite decades of therapeutic control. Although animal reservoir hosts are believed to be associated with the disease, not much evidences have been established to prove the true existence of animal reservoir hosts for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and the zoonotic nature of Gambian Sleeping Sickness. This paper reviews recent evidences based on molecular and other biotechnologies leading to the identification of mammalian hosts as reservoirs of T. b. gambiense and the roles of such hosts in transmission and resurgence of sleeping sickness in sub-Saharan Africa.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Gambian trypanosomosis, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, animal reservoir hosts, biotechnologies.

Full text

Download：740

文章

Urinary schistosomiasis in a rural community in Edo state, Nigeria: Eosinophiluria as a diagnostic marker

Nmorsi OPG*, Egwunyenga OA, Ukwandu, NCD, Nwokolo NQ

Abstract: The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in Ikpeshi, a rural community of Edo State, Nigeria showed that 195(65%) out of 300 volunteers harboured Schistosoma haematobium ova in their urine. Eosinophiluria was markedly significant > 5 eosinophilic leucocyturia/hpf and reported among 250 (83.3%) inhabitants. Of these, ova were absent in 55 (22.0%) of urine samples but had other associated urinary symptoms namely; proteinuria or haematuria or both. Eosinophiluria among the inhabitants with light infections as described by < 50 ova/10ml was 15.83 ± 15.98 x 109/L while heavy infections ( >50 ova/10ml of urine) was 107 ± 76.20 x 109/L. In all, the eosinophiluria showed a positive correlation with the S. haematobium ova excreted in their urine (r = 0.40046, p < 0.05). The sensitivities of the urinary symptoms are eosinophiluria (100%), proteinuria (56.0%), haematuria (80.0%), specific gravity (84.0%) and turbidity (76.0%). The eosinophiluria with the a relatively highest sensitivity can complement the use of ova in urine as a diagnostic marker especially in sub clinical cases and other periods when egg laying capacity of this fluke are suppressed or absent.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Eosinophiluria, urinary schistosomiasis, urinary symptoms, rural community, Nigeria.

Full text

Download：755

Search Filter