MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

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Export papaya post -harvest protection by fungicides and the problems of the maximal limit of residues

DEMBELE Ardjouma*, Traore Sory Karim, KONE Mamadou, COULIBALY Dotana Ténébé

Abstract: The post-harvest maturity of papaya fruits is influenced by several environmental factors including temperature, light and ventilation of the surrounding wall. The maturity, presence and attacks or rots, and the accumulation of fungicide residues in the papaya was evaluated on papaya fruits treated with different fungicide. Thiabendazole-treated fruits did not rot 21 days after treatment and this fungicide was the most satisfactory with detected residues lower than the European Union’s 2000/48/EC guideline.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Post-harvest, papaya, fungicides, phytotoxic, thiabendazole, residues maximal limit.

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Retention of -carotene in frozen carrots under varying conditions of temperature and time of storage

Debjani Dutta, Utpal Raychaudhuri, Runu Chakraborty*

Abstract: Carrots were blanched and stored in a freezer to study the retention of - carotene. Retention was found to be better in 3 min blanched samples than in 5 min ones. There was an increase in -carotene content in carrots after 5 days at all storage temperatures: 0, –8, –14, and –18oC. Decrease was found to be insignificant compared to the initial value even after 80 days of storage time at –18oC and for 3 min blanch time.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Carrots, -carotene, blanching, freezing, activation energy, storage time.

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Stability of yam starch gels during processing

N’Guessan Georges Amani*, Alphonse Kamenan Agnès Rolland-Sabaté, and Paul Colonna

Abstract: To evaluate their aptitude to be used as functional ingredients, twenty one varieties of yam starches of Côte d’Ivoire were submitted to different technological stress such as high temperature treatment, long term freezing and refrigeration, high speed shearing and acidic treatment, in comparison with commercial modified starches. The gel of “kangba” starch (D. Cayenensis-rotundata) is the most stable during thermal processing. The cultivar “Daminangba” ( D. alata) which present the clearest gel (63 % of clarity) is also the most stable during refrigeration with a low syneresis (26%) at 4°C.The “Esculenta 7” cultivar (D. esculenta) shows the weakest value of syneresis at -20°C. The gel of D. dumetorum species is the strongest under acidic condition with 8% of viscosity decrease from pH 7 to pH 3, whereas the “Bodo” cultivar ( D. alata) gel shows good resistance to shearing with 31% fall of viscosity from 160 rpm to 900 rpm on the RVA. The “Sopèrè”, “Lopka” and Kponan cultivars (D. Cayenensis–rotundata) present the strongest viscosities in all the technological treatments.[...] Read More.

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Effect of Nauclea latifolia leaves aqueous extracts on blood glucose levels of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Gidado, A., Ameh, D.A.* and Atawodi, S.E.

Abstract: In Northern Nigeria, different parts of Nauclea latifolia (family: Rubiaceae) are prescribed as remedy for diabetes mellitus. This study was designed to evaluate the hypoglycemic property of aqueous extract of the leaves of the plant in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous extracts at (200 mg/kg bw.) significantly lowered glucose levels (p[...] Read More.

Keywords: Nauclea latifolia, hypoglycaemic activity, alloxan-induced diabetes.

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Activity staining method of chitinase on chitin agar plate through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Vipul Gohel, Pranav Vyas and H.S. Chhatpar*

Abstract: A method for detection of chitinase activity on chitin agar plate after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is described. Different staining dyes such as calcofluor white M2R, fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine B, ruthenium red and congo red were separately incorporated in chitin agar plates. After running polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the gel was transferred onto chitin agar plate containing different dyes for the activity staining. Thin layer of acetate buffer (0.2 M, pH 5) was pored on the gel, which helps faster diffusion of the enzyme from gel onto the plate. After incubation of about 7 h, bands of chitinase were visible by daylight or UV light. The method is very sensitive since it can detect even 0.5 units of chitinase. Thus, this method is sensitive, rapid, user-friendly, reliable and cost effective.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Activity staining, chitinase, dyes, sensitivity, stability.

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Pitfalls in the routine diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus

C.S.S. Bello and A. Qahtani

Abstract: Two hundred isolates of Presumed Staphylococcus aureus from routine clinical specimens, collected from two government hospitals in Abha, Saudi Arabia, had their identity verified. We used the tube coagulase test as our gold standard. Twenty (10%) of the isolates were mis-identified. Reliance by the two laboratories on DNase test, Mannitol fermentation reaction and improper performance of the coagulase test, were responsible for the mis-diagnosis.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, diagnosis, pitfalls.

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The pattern of infection and in vivo response to Chloroquine by uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in northwestern Nigeria

Bello SO, *, Muhammad BY, Bello AY, Ukatu AI, Ahmad BM, Adeneye AA, Cherima JY

Abstract: The pattern of infection and in vivo response of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria to Chloroquine as first line drug and Quinine, Halofantrine or Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine as second line medications was evaluated at nested sentinel points, including Government and Private Practices, for three consecutive months. 559 cases were evaluated of which 22.5% failed on Chloroquine therapy. The age range of P. falciparum malaria cases was 4 months to 48 years, with a mean and median age of 9.2 and 3 years, respectively. There were significantly more female patients than male. Also, ages 5 years and below accounted for 63.2% of cases and as a group had an increased risk of treatment failure with Chloroquine compared to older patients. In general, male patients also had a higher relative risk of treatment failure on Chloroquine. Patients treated in Government practices were more likely to fail than those treated in Private practices. All cases of failure to Chloroquine treatment responded to Quinine, Halofantrine or Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum malaria, Chloroquine, resistance.

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Toxicity studies in rats fed nature cure bitters

Stanley O. Aniagu*, Florence C. Nwinyi, David D. Akumka, Gloria A. Ajoku, Sunday Dzarma, Kazeem S. Izebe, Matthew Ditse, Patrick E. C. Nwaneri, Charles Wambebe and Karynius Gamaniel

Abstract: Graded doses of Nature Cure Bitters (NCB) were administered daily (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o) to rats for 28 days and the effects on body weight, organ weight, clinical signs, gross pathology, haematology, histology and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. The relative weights of the heart, liver and testes of treated rats were unaffected in contrast to a significant increase in the relative weights of the lungs, kidneys and spleen. The packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentrations were significantly reduced whereas total leucocyte counts and glucose levels were remarkably increased. A significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase occurred in all the groups but alanine aminotransferase and albumin levels were significantly elevated. NCB elicited hypo-cholesterolaemic effects in addition to lowering urea, uric acid, BUN and total protein concentrations. Histological findings did not reveal any treatment-related effects. The calculated therapeutic index was >37.5. These preliminary results suggest that NCB was not likely to produce severe toxicological effects on organ weights, haematological and biochemical indices when given at normal therapeutic doses.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Nature Cure Bitters, organ weight; pathology, haematology; serum biochemistry.

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Induction of callus and somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon explants of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth

Amoo, Stephen Oluwaseun* and Ayisire, Benjamin Erhinmeyoma

Abstract: To explore the potential for in vitro rapid regeneration of Parkia biglobosa, an endangered multipurpose woody angiosperm, cotyledon explants obtained from 7-day old aseptically germinated seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0.4-1.0 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Cotyledon explants were placed either with the abaxial surface facing up or down on the media. Induced calli were subcultured on media containing 0.8 mg/L Kinetin combined with different concentrations (0.2, 0.6 and 1.0 mg/L) of 2,4-D. Unlike in NAA, successful calli induction was observed in all concentrations of 2,4-D investigated. Callus production was only at the cut edges and on the abaxial surface of the explants. Induced calli turned friable, more nodular and with small protuberances on media containing 0.8 mg/L Kinetin combined with either 0.2 mg/L or 0.6 mg/L 2,4-D. The protuberances eventually developed into somatic embryos in an auxin-free suspension culture medium. The developed protocol established the potential to produce plantlets from cotyledon explants through somatic embryogenesis. It also offers itself as a highly efficient method for mass clonal propagation and conservation of P. biglobosa.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Parkia biglobosa, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, cotyledon explants.

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Recovery of herbicide-resistant Azuki bean [Vigna angularis (Wild.), Ohwi & Ohashi] plants via Agrobacterium- mediated transformation

Mutasim M. Khalafalla,*, Hany A. El-Shemy, Rahman S. Mizanur, Masayoshi Teraishi, Masayoshi Teraishi, Masao Ishimoto

Abstract: Transgenic azuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi] plants expressing the hygromycin phosphotransferase ( hpt), green fluorescent protein (sgfp) and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) genes were obtained by Agrobacterium- tumefacients - mediated transformation. A total of 210 epicotyl explants were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105, harboring the binary plasmid pZHBG on MS co-cultivation medium supplemented with 100 mM acetosyringone and 10 mg/l of BA. Following selection on MS medium with 15 mg/l of hygromycin, the regenerated adventitious shoots that formed on the induced calli were further screened for sgfp expression before transferred to rooting medium. 31 transgenic plants were obtained with transformation frequency of 14%. The presence of transgenes in transformed azuki bean plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and southern blot analysis. Transcription of the bar and hpt genes was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. sgfp- positive transgenic plants exhibited functional expression of the bar gene as determined by assaying for resistance to bialaphos applied directly to leaves. This result demonstrates the feasibility of introducing potentially useful agronomic traits into azuki bean through genetic engineering.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, bar gene, bialaphos, transgenic, Vigna angulazris.

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