MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

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Utilization of petroleum hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas sp. and transformed Escherichia coli

Emtiazi, G., Shakarami, H., Nahvi, I. and Mirdamadian, S. H.

Abstract: Our previous studies showed that the biodegradation of petroleum oil by a pseudomonas isolated from a petroleum -contaminated soil was instable. In this work, it is shown that when the isolates are immobilized on Perlite, they are more stable for oil degradation. Although the isolate did not have any chemotaxis to octadecane, dodecane and octane but utilize octadecane and dodecane better than octane and it did not utilized hexane, benzene, kerosene, pentane, heptane or thiophenol. The generation time for degradation of petroleum oil, dodecane and octadecane was 20, 22, and 25 h respectively. This phenotype was not transformed to Pseudomonas by conjugation even with lysozyme treatment, however the petroleum oil and octadecane utilization were transformed to Escherichia coli by lysozyme treatment. The transformed E. coli lost the ability to use octadecane after three subcultures on nutrient broth and 34 generations. Keywords: Petroleum, transformation, chemotaxis, biodegradation, immobilization.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Petroleum, transformation, chemotaxis, biodegradation, immobilization.

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Production of bioemulsifier by an unusual isolate of salmon/red melanin containing Rhodotorula glutinis

Oloke J. K.* and Glick B. R.

Abstract: An unusual isolate of Rhodotorula glutinis was obtained. The yeast produces a spore and a crystalliferous protein per cell. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the parasporal crystals contained polypeptides with a molecular mass of approximately 55, 47, 40, 36 32.5, 30 and 25 kD. The yeast also produces a salmon/red pigment at late stage of exponential growth, which has physical and chemical properties that are consistent with it being a form of melanin. The organism has been used to produce bioemulsifier with emulsion index of 80% when tested against kerosene and crude oil. The bioemulsifier has been shown to be capable of eliminating about 76% of crude oil pollutant. The colonial and mycelia forms of Rhodosporidium toruloides and Rhodosporidium sphaerocarpum have been successfully isolated from the unusual organism.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Bioemulsifier, rhodotorula glutinis, teleomorph, Rhodosporidium toruloides.

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Characteristics of fermentation yeast isolated from traditional Ethiopian honey wine, ogol

Teramoto Y.*, Sato R., and Ueda S.

Abstract: Indigenous honey wine, known locally as ogol, was collected in a village of the Majangir ethnic group in Southwest Ethiopia, and the procedure for ogol fermentation was investigated. A fermentation yeast was first isolated from ogol and identified as being a strain of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Honey wine made with S. cerevisiae ET99 contains 16.5% (v/v) ethanol; the acidity and pH were 6.0 and 3.8, respectively. Volatile ester and higher alcohol were detected by gas chromatography. A relatively higher amount of propan-1- ol (43 mg/l) was found in the honey wine than in those made with wine yeast W4 and sake yeast K7. The aroma characteristics of honey wine made with yeast ET99 were acceptable, as determined by organoleptic tests, and were found to be applicable to ethanol fermentation.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Honey wine, ogol, indigenous alcoholic beverage, fermentation, Saccharomyces, Ethiopia.

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Isolation and characterization of a Coffea canephora ERF-like cDNA

José Bustamante-Porras, Michel Noirot, Claudine Campa, Serge Hamon and Alexandre de Kochko*

Abstract: ERFs (Ethylene-Responsive Element Binding Factors) are members of a transcription factors family unique to plants. They contain a well-conserved segment, which interacts specifically with sequences containing AGCCGCC motifs (GCC box) located in the promoter region of genes activated during biotic or environmental stress in plants. A cDNA corresponding to an ERF gene has been isolated from a Coffea canephora fruit cDNA library. The cDNA was 1,317 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 987 bp. The predicted polypeptide showed a great similitude with equivalent proteins from others plant species. The binding domain shows 98.3% identity in amino acids sequence with Lycopersicon esculentum ERF. This transcription factor may possibly be involved in differential cell growth or in fruit ripening process. Although it was not possible to isolate it from a leaf cDNA library, its presence in such library was confirmed.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Ethylene, coffee, Coffea canephora, transcription factor, ERF.

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Isolation and characterization of micro satellites in Bambusa arundinacea and cross species amplification in other bamboos

Sumitra Nayak and Gyana Ranjan Rout*

Abstract: Isolation and characterization of microsatellites was analyzed in Bambusa arundinacea and cross species amplification in other bamboos. Six microsatellites, three polymorphic and three monomorphic, were characterized in a bamboo species, Bambusa aruninacea belonging to the family Poaceae. The numbers of alleles per locus ranges form 2 to 6. Allelic diversity ranges from 0.128 to 0.789. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values for two loci were > 0.3, as an indicator of polymorphic allele. Cross species amplification has been tested in other 18 bamboo species. Monomorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have been found to be cross amplified in most of the tested species while polymorphic ones in only three to four species. Utilization of the SSR loci in genetic diversity study of B. arundinacea and other cross amplified bamboo species is discussed.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Bambusa arundinacea, microsatellite marker, cross species amplification, population study, species identification.

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Crop protection strategies for major diseases of cocoa, coffee and cashew in Nigeria

T. O. Adejumo

Abstract: A great percentage of people in the developing countries are engaged in agriculture, but the yields of their produce are low due to diseases that plague their crops. In Nigeria, crop protection measures that are cheap, simple, cost-effective and sustainable are desirable to combat Phytophthora pod rot (black pod) and cocoa swollen shoot virus diseases of cocoa, coffee leaf rust and coffee berry diseases, inflorescence blight disease of cashew in order to make farming profitable and sustainable. Disease control strategies include the use of resistant cultivars, chemicals, biological, botanicals, cultural, physical controls and application of biotechnology, each of which is discussed in this paper.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Crop protection, cocoa, coffee, cashew, diseases.

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Application of biotechnology for the improvement of Nigerian indigenous leaf vegetables

Opabode, J.T*. and O.C. Adebooye

Abstract: Nigeria is endowed with many indigenous leaf vegetables (ILVs) species, which spread across the estimated cultivable land area of 71.2 million hectares. These ILVs provide food, income, employment and herbal medicine to the population. Uncollected and uncharacterized germplasm, pests, diseases, anti-nutritional factors, recalcitrant seed, seed dormancy and perishable produce militate against the realization of potentials of the ILVs. This paper discusses biotechnological applications such as meristem culture, in vitro selection, zygotic embryo culture, somatic embryo genesis, protoplast culture, anther culture and genetic engineering that can solve improvement and production problems associated with some selected ILVs. Among the problems envisaged in the application of these biotechnological techniques are lacks of resources, selections of crop for research, attitude of government and weather conditions.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Indigenous leaf vegetables, biotechnology, production problems.

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Antioxidant potential of African medicinal plants

S.E. Atawodi

Abstract: Cellular damage or oxidative injury arising from free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) now appears the fundamental mechanism underlying a number of human neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, inflammation, viral infections, autoimmune pathologies and digestive system disorders. Free radical are generated through normal metabolism of drugs, environmental chemicals and other xenobiotics as well as endogenous chemicals, especially stress hormones (adrenalin and noradrenalin). Accumulated evidence suggests that ROS can be scavenged through chemoprevention utilizing natural antioxidant compounds present in foods and medicinal plants. Africa is blessed with enormous biodiversity resources, but plagued with several diseases, including those with ROS as the etiological factor. In this review, research on the antioxidant potential of medicinal plants of African origin between 1965 and September, 2004 is considered. Keywords: Medicinal plant, antioxidant activity, chemoprevention, neurodegenerative diseases, Africa.[...] Read More.

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Microbial control of caged population of Zonocerus variegatus using Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium sp.

O.E. FAGADE, S.A. BALOGUN and C.J. LOMER

Abstract: Microbial control of caged populations of Zonocerus variegatus was carried out using indigenous fungal entomopathogens isolated from the grasshopper’s cadaver. Bioassay response indicated a dose-dependent mortality coupled with drastic reduction in food consumption among spores infected grasshoppers. Lethal time (LT50) of 4.6 days for 103 spores/ml and 3.8 days for 107 spores/ml of oil formulation of Beauveria bassiana were observed. While Metarhizium sp recorded LT 50 of 9.0 days and 2.8 days for 103 and 107 spores/ml, respectively. The results obtained were discussed in relation to use of the isolates in the control Z. variegatus infestation in forest agro-ecosystem of south west, Nigeria.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Microbial control, entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Zonoccrus variegatus, Metarhizium sp.

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Histopathology of the gill and liver tissues of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus exposed to lead

OLOJO, E. A. A. *, OLURIN, K. B., MBAKA, G. and OLUWEMIMO, A. D.

Abstract: An investigation on the effect of the heavy metal, lead (Pb) on the gill and liver of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus was carried out in the laboratory. One hundred and sixty (160) fingerlings of the fish were exposed to continuous exposure to sub-lethal concentrations (0.006 mg/l and 0.008 mg/l) of lead for a period of three weeks. The liver and gill of fish were removed every 9 days for histological examination. The results showed that the degree of distortion of the gills and liver was proportional to the exposure periods and concentration of the metals was found to be dose and time dependent.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Lead, Clarias gariepinus, histopathology, gill, liver.

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