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Satwanti Kapoor* Renu Tyagi, Kiran Saluja, Anumeha Chaturvedi and A.K. Kapoor
Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult Saharia, a primitive tribal group (PTG) of Madhya Pradesh. A total of 364 subjects (168 males and 196 females) ranging in age group 18 - 60 years were divided into two groups based on their random blood sugar level. Stature, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, skin fold thicknesses, fat percent, blood pressure and blood sugar level were measured for all the subjects. 8.9% males and 7.1% females were found to be having more than 140 mg/dl random sugar level. All the skin fold thicknesses, body circumference, indices of adiposity, fat percentage and blood pressure were found to be significantly higher among the ‘pre-diabetic males’. The picture was not so clear among females. Saharia is a socio-economically weaker population with very low literacy level but the clustering of higher blood sugar level, higher blood pressure and higher fat percentage is an indicator of a beginning of metabolic syndrome among this primitive tribal group showing a paradoxical situation.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Adiposity, subcutaneous fat, blood sugar, primitive tribal group, India.
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J. T. Ayodele* and I. C. Ajala
Abstract: Toenail chromium and copper concentrations in toenails of some inhabitants resident in Kano for at least six months were assessed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Average toenail chromium and copper concentrations were 1.33 ± 0.68 and 27.62 ± 13.29 µg/g respectively. Both chromium and copper concentrations in nails decreased with age indicating that these metals may be playing some physiological functions during the formative years. Their concentrations were inversely related to age with approximate average of 10% decline with each decade of age.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Chromium, copper, toenails, Kano, Nigeria.
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文章
Fatmah
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop the predictive equations for estimation of stature, using knee height, arm span and sitting height in Indonesian Javanese elderly people. Eight-hundred and twelve healthy elderly people (295 men and 517 women) participated in this cross sectional study. Standing height, weight, knee height, arm span and sitting height were measured. The Chumlea and Eleanor equations were validated in this study. The first equation showed that the mean difference of predicted height compared to actual height in men was 2.78 and 4.90 cm in women. The second equation revealed that the value of difference in men was 2.87 cm and in women was 13.26 cm. Arm span showed the highest correlation with standing height on men (r = 0.815) and women (r = 0.754). Aging was associated with decreased mean of height, weight, arm span and sitting height, but not on knee height in the two sexes. Arm span has the highest validity to predict stature on healthy Javanese elderly people. The correlation coefficient of arm span to actual height was larger on men than women. Stature of Indonesian Javanese elderly people can be estimated by the regression model from the three predictors developed in the study.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Elderly, knee height, arm span, sitting height, Chumlea, Eleanor.
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Maxwell M. Nwegbu
Abstract: The study was to compare the results of obesity assessment as a component of metabolic syndrome diagnosis using two different diagnostic criteria amongst apparently healthy female adults. A hundred and twenty-six(126) adult females aged 40- 70 years were evaluated concurrently for obesity using waist circumference as defined by Adult Treatment Panel III(ATP III criteria), waist-hip ratio(WHR) and body mass index(BMI), the latter two as defined by the World Health Organization(WHO) criteria. These subjects were drawn from individuals attending the metabolic research unit of University College Hospital (a tertiary level referral health institution in Nigeria), for routine medical evaluation. The prevalence of obesity as defined by waist circumference using ATP III criteria was found to be 31.7%, whereas prevalence rates using WHR and BMI under WHO criteria were 21.4% and 23.8% respectively amongst the subjects. These findings on correlation analysis, showed a strong level of association between the three parameters as indices of obesity with the strongest agreement noted between BMI and WC(r=0.878) This study showed a good measure of agreement in the assessment of obesity in these female subjects when two major diagnostic criteria are applied. This is especially important in view of the lack of national surveys to arrive at ethno-specific and gender-based cut-offs for anthropometric measurements such as WC and WHR specific to our environment. Obesity being a major criterion in both the ATP III and WHO criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome, these findings have implications in this environment given the importance of screening for metabolic syndrome and/or obesity vis-à-vis their roles as cardiovascular risk factors. Keywords: Obesity, anthropometric, metabolic, cardiovascular, correlation.[...] Read More.
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Gupta B Indushekar, Bhavna Gupta and Indushekar KR
Abstract: Suckling is a physiological act that provides nourishment and comfort. A baby’s sucking can be either nutritive or nonnutritive. Nonnutritive sucking can turn into a continuous behavior practiced unconsciously, leading to a deleterious oral habit (eg, thumb sucking).The extent of damage caused by this habit is dependent on the duration, frequency and intensity. Till the age 3, this habit is termed to be normal but later certain intervention has to be taken. This habit can have a negative impact on speech, psychology and dental development (maxillary prognathism, increased overjet, mandibular retrognathism, posterior crossbite, midline diastema and open bite) of the child. A combined multidisciplinary team comprising of the Family physician, Speech therapist, psychologist, Pediatric dentist, Orthodontist, pediatrician and Orofacial mycologist is needed for the management and treatment planning of this delirious habit. Thumb sucking is a non meaningful habit commonly found in children. This habit can have a negative impact on speech, psychology and dental development (maxillary prognathism, increased overjet, mandibular retrognathism, posterior crossbite, midline diastema and open bite) of the child. This paper stresses upon the need of combined effort by the multidisciplinary team for the effective treatment planning.[...] Read More.
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O.O. Okunola, *A.A Akintunde, P. O. Akinwusi
Abstract: Infectious diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is a changing pattern in terms of medical admissions worldwide with an alarming increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) especially in the tropics over the last decade. A regular review and audit of medical admissions is necessary for health policy formulation and resource allocation. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of medical admission in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital and highlight the emerging trend.A retrospective review of medical admission at the LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, South Western Nigeria over a 3 year period (January 2005 to December 2007). 1786 patients were admitted into the medical wards during the period of study. This consisted of 1089 males (61.0%) and 697 females (39.0%) with age range 14-96 years, mean of 51years (±16.89) and a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Elderly subjects (≥ 60 years of age) were the largest age group accounting for 27.3% and 29.8% of male and female admissions respectively. The indications for admission in order of frequency were cerebrovascular disease 239 (27.5%), Diabetes mellitus 194 (22.2%), Chronic Kidney Disease 116 (12.4%) and Tuberculosis 151 (16.6%). NCDs accounted for a significant number of admissions in this study. The elderly constitued the major age group. Non communicable diseases are the commonest indication for medical admission. There is therefore an urgent need for intensification of existing preventive strategies to combat the insurgence of NCDs. Keywords: Tropics, Medical, Tuberculosis, Infectious diseases[...] Read More.
Keywords: Tropics, Medical, Tuberculosis, Infectious diseases
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文章
Case Report
Abstract: There is paucity of information on immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in children in Nigeria. We reported two cases of IRIS in a 7 and 14 years HIV infected Nigerian boys managed at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was diagnosed and managed in 4 out of 1,027 (0.38%) HIV positive paediatric patients started on antiretroviral therapy at the health institution over a 6 years period. Keywords: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, highly active antiretroviral therapy, Nigeria.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, highly active antiretroviral therapy, Nigeria.
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Saleh Rahman, MD, Ph.D., MPH and Erin Manglardi, MPH
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R. Rajan Patil
Abstract: The Indian capital city of Delhi reported its first ever case of Chikungunya in June 2007. However, the way this case was detected, and reported raises serious issues related to general epidemiology and disease surveillance. This incident being the first reported case of Chikungunya from the resident of Delhi also raises much larger concern of changing infectious disease dynamics. The objectives of this study are: 1) Occurrence of new disease in new area should be treated as of sign of ecological ill health. Increase in frequency of outbreaks vector borne disease like Chikungunya in India could be manifestation of consequence of global warming.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Climate change, Chikungunya, global warming.
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文章
Takeshi Yoda,*, Takeshi Suzue , Tomohiro Hirao, Akira Yoshioka, Jarot Jazek Escobar Jimenes, Tetsuo Yanagi, Kazuo Minematsu, Kensuke Goto, Jephtha Christopher Nmor, Hiroshi Tachibana, Yasuyuki Rakue, Noriko Sakano, and Nobuyuki Miyatake
Abstract: Intestinal protozoan is still an important public health problem. We aimed to gain insight into the dynamics of intestinal protozoan infection with a view to describing the prevalence of intestinal protozoan in asymptomatic individuals in Mexico City, Mexico. The study population was primarily both in and out patients from four different hospitals who were referred for routine stool examination. Faecal specimens (510) were collected over a 3-weeks period from asymptomatic individuals. Specimens were tested for a range of protozoan infection using microscopic and partly Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Seven known intestinal protozoan were identified from 54 faecal specimens, a total carriage rate of 10.6%. Blastocystis hominis were present in 22 specimens (4.31%), Entamoeba coli in 18(3.53%), Entamoeba disper in 8(1.57%), Entamoeba hartomanni in 2(0.39%), Giargia lambia in 2(0.39%), Iodoamoeba in 2(0.39%), and Endolimax nana in 1(0.2%). 10(2%) person were infected with two or more protozoa concurrently. These protozoa were all non-pathogenic, but are capable of discharging their cysts thus placing these asymptomatic carriers as potential distributors of intestinal protozoan infection. Considering the public health implication of asymptomatic carriers of intestinal protozoan infection, establishment of sustainable and regular de-worming programme in Mexico City coupled with health education messages on good hygienic practices are strongly recommend.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Blastocystis hominis, Mexico, Entamoeba, protozoan fecal.
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