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Ahmad M. Baker*, Hana M. Kanan and Sheikha A. Al-Misnad
Abstract: This study examined a host of variables the literature or focus groups showed to influence student motivation to achieve academically. Secondary school teachers in Doha, Qatar were asked to identify the five most and five least motivated students in their classrooms. They also were asked to estimate the degree of involvement the parents had in the school, and the level of affluence of their families. Only students who were found to be independently ranked (Kendall Coefficient of Concordance) by more than two teachers within the respective category with statistical significance were included in the sample. This procedure yielded a sample of 63 motivated and 64 not-motivated students. The subjects in the sample were administered instruments to measure their locus of control, self-esteem, school milieu, goal performance and mastery, and cultural activities and items found in the home. Discriminate analysis, One-Way ANOVAs, and Chi Square analyses were performed on the data indicated that only family affluence, parental involvement in the school, the number of culturally enriching items found in the home, and school milieu were able to discriminate between the two groups. The results were discussed in terms of their relevance to future research and ramifications for educators in affluent societies.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Motivation, Academic Achievement, Parental Involvement, Affluence, School Milieu, Cultural Enrichment.
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Rita Coombs Richardson*and Thomas A. DeVaney
Abstract: Understanding personality profiles can be helpful in working relationships. Situations such as co-teaching frequently pair individuals in teamwork. Turf and personality conflicts between professionals can be destructive and impede goal attainment. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality measure that is based on Jung’s theory of psychological types and has been established as having reasonable construct validity. The Richardson Inventory of Personality Types (RIPT) is likewise based on Jungian theory and contrary to the MBTI, utilizes a non-forced format and can be administered in a significantly reduced amount of time. The present study is a psychometric evaluation between the MBTI and the RIPT instruments. Both were administered to 210 participants enrolled in special education and speech/language and communication disorders courses at a state university. Results provided support for the construct validity and reliability of the RIPT and suggest utility in promoting understanding of personality profiles useful in situations requiring collaboration. Key word: Personality/Collaboration[...] Read More.
Keywords: Personality/Collaboration
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Full Length Research Paper
Abstract: Since the attacks of September 11, national and international security has been driven to the center stage of our present-day society, thus becoming a primary concern and focus in the United States. The purpose of this study was to conduct an instructional needs assessment for the establishment of a Masters of Arts program in International Studies with a concentration in International Security and a specialization in International Terrorism. This empirical study, consisting of qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis, intended to determine the utility of this type of graduate program. A survey was administered to FSU students and Fort Bragg personnel focusing on perceptions of interest in and importance of the program and its subject content. The results of this study indicated statistically significant interest in and the importance of the establishment of this MA International Studies program, and strongly suggested substantial enrollment projections.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Needs assessment, curriculum development, international studies, security studies.
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Sifis Bouzakis* and Eleni Berdousi
Abstract: In this paper we attempt to show the educational argumentation of the Greek liberal political forces with respect to special education within the reform attempts that were undertaken in 1913, 1929, 1964, and 1985. More specifically, we detect the concepts that prevailed in each of the three main phases through which special education in Greece passed over the period under examination: a) the rejection and repulsion phase, b) the humanitarian treatment phase, and c) the recognition and participation-on-equal-terms phase. Finally, an attempt is made to interpret those perceptions of the liberal politicians regarding special education that dominated each time as viewed within the national-ideological framework that formulated them.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Special Education in Greece
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O.O. Adedoyin*, H. J.Nenty and B Chilisa
Abstract: This is a quantitative empirical research study validating the invariance of item difficulty parameters estimates based on the two competing measurement frameworks, the classical test theory (CTT) and the item response theory (IRT) . In order to achieve the set goal, one fifty five (155) different independent samples were drawn from the population of students (35,262) who sat for the 2004 Paper 1 Botswana Junior Secondary School Certificate in Mathematics. These samples were selected based on gender, gender by educational regions, ability groups, and educational regions). The item difficulty parameter estimates from CTT and IRT were tested for invariance using repeated measure ANOVA at 0.05 significant levels. The study focussed on two research questions which were: (i) which of the two test theories CTT or IRT item difficulty parameter estimates vary across different samples of persons? And (ii) which of the two test theories CTT or IRT item difficulty parameter estimates vary across sample sizes? These research questions were answered through testing of hypothesis derived from each research questions. The research findings were that the item difficulty parameter estimates based on CTT theoretical framework were variant across the different independent samples. The item difficulty parameter estimates based on IRT theoretical framework were invariant across the different independent groups and also the item difficulty parameter estimates for IRT were invariant across groups with varying sample sizes. Overall, the findings from this study discredited the CTT theoretical framework for its inability to produce item difficulty invariant parameter estimates.[...] Read More.
Keywords: CTT, IRT Invariance Item and person parameters
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Full Length Research Paper
Abstract: There is the tendency to think that factors of teachers’ effectiveness could be defined in terms of teacher characteristics, his experiences, his cognitive and affective properties, the conditions to which he has to adjust and the characteristics of the school, classroom and student. Although each of these characteristics may contribute to teacher’s success, they are not the substance of effective teaching. A proper conceptualization of teaching and teacher’s effectiveness as a yardstick for quality assurance is necessary for a better understanding of what makes a teacher to be effective. It is believed that observational techniques as a strategy could go a long way in making teacher to be effective. This explains why this paper examined how to enhance quality assurance through teacher’s effectiveness. To achieve this, one hundred primary school teachers were personally observed in their classes for a period of 30 minutes each. The instrument employed was tagged classroom interaction sheet (CIS) which consisted of seven categories (A – G) .Two research hypotheses were postulated and t-test and ANOVA statistical analyses were employed. The results indicated variance in the behavioural categories observed. The observational techniques as a means of enhancing quality assurance therefore are advocated for further studies.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Quality assurance, teachers’ effectiveness.
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Full Length Research Paper
Abstract: Although student discipline had existed since the beginning of mankind, the disciplinary methods employed have changed over the years, giving rise to culturally irrelevant disciplinary strategies. This study explored teachers’ views about approaches to discipline experienced in Botswana schools in terms of policy and practice. In particular, the study sought for information on teachers’ day-to-day experiences and their views with regard to the implementation of student discipline regulations. Twenty teachers, who have been in the field for at least eight years, were interviewed once. Interview proceedings were recorded and later transcribed verbatim. The study showed that teachers feel disempowered by schools’ discipline regulations, and that students take advantage of such regulations to undermine teachers’ authority. Based on the premise that discipline approaches are culturally conceptualized and negotiated, the paper argues that student discipline has grown into an epidemic in Botswana schools because culturally inappropriate approaches are employed. Recommendations as to how the problem could be curbed are discussed and suggestions for further studies are made.[...] Read More.
Keywords: student, discipline and regulations.
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Full Length Research Paper
Abstract: This study examined college students’ attitudes towards science in a course designed with Science Education for New Civic Engagement and Responsibilities (SENCER) ideals. SENCER uses socially engaging issues to teach basic science to non-science majors. A combination of methods was used to measure changes in attitudes (confidence and interest) and scientific literacy after completing this SENCER course. While a pre/posttest showed a significant increase in knowledge about biological concepts, the study revealed no significant change in confidence or interest in science in general as measured by the SENCER Student Assessment of Learning Gains (SALG) survey. However, a second instrument, the Biology Attitude Scale, demonstrated a significant increase in positive attitudes towards biology in particular. The case study data (including a content analysis of online reflective questions and semi-structured interviews) revealed that students’ confidence in science remained the same during the semester even though their interest may have increased. This suggests that an increase in both variables (confidence and interest) simultaneously may not be needed in order to increase scientific literacy. These results have implications for college science teachers designing courses for non-science majors. Keywords: Science education, non-science majors, scientific literacy, interdisciplinary courses.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Science education, non-science majors, scientific literacy, interdisciplinary courses.
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E. B. Kolawole
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of the cooperative and competitive learning on academic performance of students in mathematics in order to find out which one of them is the more effective learning strategy. The sample of the study was 400 Senior Secondary Schools III, Mathematics students made up of 240 boys and 160 girls randomly selected from four out of five States in South West Nigeria. Quasi experimental design was adopted for the study. Two instruments were used namely Mathematics Pre-Test Achievement Test (PTAT) and Post-Test Achievement Test (PAT) to collect data. The data collected in this study were subjected to Z-test analysis at = 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that cooperative learning strategy is more effective than competitive learning strategy and that boys performed significantly better than girls in both learning strategies. Based on the findings, cooperative learning strategy should be introduced in our secondary schools in Nigeria.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Mathematics, Senior Secondary Schools, Nigeria Cooperative, Competitive, Learning strategies and performance
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Justin R. Chimka* and Lauren Holloway Lowe
Abstract: This is the second in a series of articles describing ongoing research that involves studying engineering college student graduation using Cox proportional hazards models. The first article, called "Proportional hazards models of graduation," was based on main effects models of graduation controlling for descriptors such as in -state residence, hometown population, and student major. This second article attends to first-order interaction terms between pairs of previously considered main effects. Survival analysis of graduation data here suggests significance of standardized math scores, and English and Science ACT scores, under certain circumstances that might not have been discovered without the examination of interaction.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Graduation, proportional hazards, retention, survival analysis.
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