MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

文章

Ethnomedicines used for treatment of prostatic disease in Foumban, Cameroon

Noumi Emmanuel

Abstract: The medicinal plants used for the treatment of prostate diseases and related efficiency in Foumban were reviewed based on the ethnobotanic, some chemical and biochemical reports. A total of 40 plants species belonging to 29 families have been used to prepare 27 remedies, for treatment of specific prostate ailments such as prostatitis, prostatic adenoma (benign tumour hypertrophy) and cancer of prostate. Two plant species (Raphia mambillensis and Vernonia guineensis) are those widely used, the more valued being V. guineensis, called “Guinea ginseng” by traditional healers. Some of the plant species, including Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Arachis hypogaea, Carica papaya, Cucurbita pepo, Elaeis guineensis, Ipomoea batatas, Ocimum basilicum and Prunus africana are known to yield constituents treating prostate diseases.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, prostatic diseases, Foumban, Cameroon.

Full text

Download：1043

文章

Knowledge and behavior of the pediatricians on rational use of antibiotics

Senay Cetinkaya* Yusuf Karata A. Bülent Antmen and S. Emre Alhan

Abstract: This study was performed between June 17 - 20, 2009, in order to examine knowledge, behavior and the attitudes of pediatricians, who attended the 45th Turkish Congress of Pediatrics in Cappadocia, Turkey, about rational use of antibiotics and to investigate any affecting factors. This was a descriptive study that evaluated the pediatricians’ theory about rational use of antibiotics. The survey sheet used in the study was developed by the researchers in light of information in the literature. The 77.3% of the participating physicians indicated that they did not resort to antibiotics when facing flu or common cold themselves. The rate that does not approve the antibiotic prophylaxis in upper or lower respiratory infections and the urinary system infections for an otherwise healthy individual is 65.6%. When prescribing antibiotics, 89.8% indicated that they would see the patient first, 78.1% indicated that they were prescribing according to patient’s clinical condition, 71.1% reported that they paid attention to the indication appropriateness and 67.2% indicated that they would take culture samples for microbiological examination. With the increasing work experience, there is also increase in picking the answer that suggests “use of the third generation cephalosporins should be restricted to cases whose culture positivity had been proven” (p[...] Read More.

Keywords: Antibiotics, rational use, pediatricians.

Full text

Download：897

文章

Tissue distribution of intramuscularly and intratumouraly administered DNA plasmid harbouring apoptotic gene in mice

Ruzila I., Zeenathul N. A.*, Nik-Mohd- Afizan N. A. R., Sheikh-Omar A. R., NorHidayah M. and Mohd-Azmi M. L.

Abstract: This study investigated the bio-distribution and persistence of plasmid DNA following intramuscular and intratumoural administration in a mice model. Validated quantitative method (real-time qPCR) was used to quantify plasmid distribution in the tissue samples collected at 15 min, 1 h, 24 h and 1 week after administration of 100 g (1.5 x 1013 copies) of naked plasmids. Plasmids remained in the circulating blood (3.6 ± 2.2 x 102copies/500 ng gDNA) and injected muscle (2.8 ± 1.1 x 105 copies/500ng gDNA) for up to 1 week post administration. Plasmids were also detected in opposite muscle, lung, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, liver and heart only 1 h post-injection or more. After 2 weeks of treatment, plasmids were retained solely in the tumor mass. These results suggest the presently used recombinant DNA plasmid was benefited with its early transgene expression characteristic which could release the anti-cancerous effect within short dwelling time.[...] Read More.

Keywords: DNA vaccine, recombinant plasmid, real-time PCR, biodistribution.

Full text

Download：936

文章

Evaluation of use of antibiotic without prescription among young adults

Oyetunde, Olubukola O.*, Olugbake, Olubusola A. and Famudehin, Kehinde F.

Abstract: Antibiotics are usually prescription only medicines. A high percentage of world’s antibiotics are however used in the community without prescriptions. The study evaluated use of antibiotics without prescription among young adults in Nigeria. A questionnaire was designed to assess reported purchase, name and use of antibiotic without prescription. 38.79% respondents reported purchase of an antibiotic without a prescription. Only 25.86% correctly named an antibiotic as the medicine purchased. Among the respondents who purchased an antibiotic without a prescription, 90% used medicine for inadequate duration (< 5days) or at wrong dosing intervals. The most commonly named antibiotic purchased without a prescription is Ampiclox®. It is important to enforce regulation and sales of antibiotic to ensure rational use.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Misuse, self-prescription, antibiotics.

Full text

Download：867

文章

Medication prescription policy for Nigerian physiotherapists: perception of orthopaedic surgeons and neurologists on educational training and clinical management plans

Onigbinde Ayodele Teslim*, Raji Aderonke Oluwatomilayo, Soetan Oluyemisi Adebisi, Ibikunle Adeoye Folorunsho

Abstract: In Nigeria, general medical doctors objected to physiotherapists assuming the responsibility of being supplementary prescribers. It is unknown if Nigerian specialist doctors (Orthopaedic Surgeons and Neurologists) will have different opinion on supplementary prescription (SP) policy. 71 orthopaedic surgeons and 53 neurologists were recruited using purposive sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain bio-data, awareness on SP, knowledge about Clinical Management Plan and duration of educational training required. Descriptive and non-parametric inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The number of specialist doctors who were aware of the prescription status of physiotherapists outside Nigeria as supplementary prescriber was significantly higher than those unaware (X2 = 9.96, P = 0.02),. A high proportion (62.3 - 98%) of the specialists had good knowledge of Clinical Management Plan as required in SP policy. About half of the Orthopaedic Surgeons opined that 24-30 weeks educational training would be adequate for physiotherapists who did not have previous pharmacology education while most neurologists opined that a period greater than 12 weeks would be sufficient as training duration for those with previous education. It was concluded that most specialist doctors were aware of the prescription status of physiotherapists outside Nigeria as supplementary prescribers. Both Orthopaedic Surgeons and neurologists understood what are required in drawing CMP with allied health professionals as required in the policy. A period greater than 12 weeks would be sufficient for educational training for those who had previous pharmacology education while 24-30 weeks would be adequate for those without previous formal education. Keywords: Drug prescription policy, Nigerian physiotherapists, orthopaedic surgeons, neurologists, educational training, clinical management plans.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Drug prescription policy, Nigerian physiotherapists, orthopaedic surgeons, neurologists, educational training, clinical management plans.

Full text

Download：2785

文章

Effect of intra-uterine injection of H2 receptor blockers on implantation in albino Wistar rats

Shyam S. Agrawal* and Sibi P. Ittiyavirah

Abstract: The role of histamine in various stages of female reproductive functions is now understood. The anti-implantation activity of various H2 receptor blockers had been established earlier by our laboratory. The present studies were conducted to evaluate the local effects of direct intra-uterine injection of H2 receptor blockers on implantation in albino Wistar rats. The individual administration of ranitidine, famotidine and roxatidine by direct intra-uterine injection on Day 4 of pregnancy in female albino Wistar rats produced 100% anti-fertility activity probably by acting on the H2 receptors on the blastocyst. Control group animals delivered normal litters. Unilateral injection of roxatidine inhibited implantation in the treated and contralateral uterine horns of rats indicating its systemic as well as local anti-implantation activity while ranitidine and famotidine showed only the local effects on the treated uterine horns suggesting the blockade of locally derived uterine histamine in implantation. Histopathological examination of uterus revealed the absence of morphological damage to the endometrial epithelium. It is concluded that, the intra-uterine application of H2 receptor blockers prevents conception in rats.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Anti-implantation activity H2 receptor blockers, ranitidine, famotidine, roxatidine, intra-uterine injection, implantation.

Full text

Download：1001

文章

Hepatoprotective activity of Morus alba (Linn.) leaves extract against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats

M. G. Hogade*, K. S. Patil, G. H Wadkar, S. S Mathapati, P. B Dhumal

Abstract: The aim of the study is to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of Morus alba Linn. leaves extracts against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity. Leaves powder of Morus alba was successively extracted with petroleum ether extract (PEE), chloroform extract (CHE), alcoholic extract (ALE) and water extract (AQE) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity using Standard drug Liv-52. Preliminary phytochemical tests were done. The ALE showed presence of alkaloids, flavonoides, carbohydrates, tannins and steroids, while carbohydrates, flavonoides, alkaloids were present with AQE. The PEE, CHE, ALE did not produce any mortality. Carbon tetrachloride produced significant changes in biochemical parameters (increases in serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alanine phosphatase (ALP) and serum bilirubin.) and histological (damage to hepatocytes) using Standard drug Liv-52. Pretreatment with ALE and AQE extracts significantly prevented the biochemical and histological changes induced by CCl4 in the liver. The present study shows that the ALE and AQE extracts possessed hepatoprotective activity.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Carbon tetrachloride, hepatoprotective, leaves extracts of Morus alba Linn.

Full text

Download：946

文章

Recent progress in the chemo-enzymatic peptide synthesis

Feifei Chen, Fangkai Zhang, Anming Wang*, Haifeng Li, Qiuyan Wang, Zhaowu Zeng, Shuling Wang and Tian Xie

Abstract: Peptides are molecules of paramount importance in several fields, especially in health care and nutrition. They have many beneficial health effects, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, neuroactive and immunoactive activity. Several technologies for their production are now available such as chemical synthesis, biosynthesis and chemo-enzymatic peptide synthesis. For combining the advantages of chemical and enzymatic synthesis methods, chemo-enzymatic peptide synthesis has been attracting the interest of researchers in the peptide synthesis. In this paper, new progress in this method was reported. Enzymes, solvent systems and possible mechanisms were presented. The main strategies of chemo-enzymatic synthesis of peptides and modification of enzymes by using different methods were also discussed.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Peptides, enzymes, solvent systems, chemo-enzymatic synthesis, genetic engineering, one-pot synthesis.

Full text

Download：978

文章

Polyphenolic fractions of Algerian propolis reverses doxorubicin induced acute renal oxidative stress

Mesbah Lahouel,*, Kheira Boutabet, Wided Kebsa and Mohamed Alyane

Abstract: The most important pharmacologically active constituents in propolis are flavanoids with a broad spectrum of biological activities varying with their chemical composition. Propolis chemical composition depends on the floral and geographical origin present at the site of collection and thus in the climatic characteristics. However, until now, no mitochondrial functions in relation to stress and apoptotic process were determined. We hypothesized that propolis effects could be due to a direct action on mitochondrial functions. We evaluated whether polyphenols compounds had preventive properties against renal oxidative stress induced by doxorubicin. We present here an analytical and pharmacological study of the eastern Algerian propolis using Thin layer Chrommatography (TLC), Ultra Violet-High Phase Liquid Chromatography (UV-HPLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The pharmacological study was carried out in vivo on wistar rat pre-treated with propolis extract 100 mg/kg/day for 7 days. Doxorubicin at 10 mg/kg of body weight was administered intravenously on day 7th. Serum creatinine concentration, scavenging effect of flavonoids, lipid peroxydation (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentration were measured. Chemical analysis allowed identification and quantification of the phenolic compounds including pinostrombin chalcone(38.91%), galangin(18.95), naringenin(14.27%), tectochrysin(25.09%), methoxychrysin(1.14%) and a prenylated coumarin compound suberosin (1.65%). The total flavonoid concentration in the propolis extract determined by aluminum chloride colorimetric method was 370 mg (quercetin equivalents QE) /g dry weight of propolis extract (QE/g DWPE). Data suggest protective effects of an Algerian propolis extract against doxorubicin-induced oxidative stresses. It restored the renal functions and clearly reduced the toxic effect of the drug.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Algerian propolis, chemical analysis, flavonoids, renal oxidative stress.

Full text

Download：975

文章

Cytotoxic activity of leaf and rhizome extracts of Alpinia scabra (Blume) NÃ¡ves, a wild ginger from Peninsular Malaysia

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: The leaves and rhizomes of Alpinia scabra (Zingiberaceae) were investigated for their cytotoxic effect against selected human cancer cell lines, namely MCF7 (hormone-dependant breast carcinoma cell line), HT29 (colon carcinoma cell line) and SKOV-3 (ovarian cancer cell line) by using an in vitro neutral red cytotoxicity assay. The methanol extracts of both leaves and rhizomes did not show active cytotoxic activity against the selected cancer cell lines. The n-hexane extract of the leaves exhibited remarkable cytotoxic effect against SKOV-3 cells with IC50 value of 6.3 µg/ml while dichloromethane extract showed high cytotoxic effect against MCF7 and SKOV-3 with IC50 values of 6.7 and 5.9 µg/ml, respectively. The n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts of the rhizomes possessed high cytotoxic effect against SKOV- 3 cells with IC50 values of 8.3 and 7.0 µg/ml, respectively. This is the first report of the cytotoxic activity of A. scabra.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Zingiberaceae, Alpinia scabra, cytotoxic activity, cancer cell lines.

Full text

Download：1842

Search Filter