MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

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The Historical Foundations of International Relations: Evidence of Practices Before 1648 and 1919

Haoren Fang*

Abstract: This paper explores the history of International Relations, focusing on and disproving the mythologized origins of the field, particularly the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the establishment of the League of Nations (1919). These events are often regarded as the birth of modern IR, but they overlook the contributions of non-Western [...] Read More.

Keywords: International Relations, Historical Milestone, Eurocentrism, Non-Western Perspectives, Distinct Political Systems

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Analysis of Argentina’s Role in the MERCOSUR (2019-2023)

Yan Ni*

Abstract: This study employs role theory as a framework for analyzing Argentina’s foreign policy within MERCOSUR during the Fernández administration (2019-2023). Through a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative interpretation with quantitative frequency analysis, the study examines 71 official speeches delivered by the [...] Read More.

Keywords: Role Theory, Argentina, MERCOSUR, Foreign Policy, Fernández Government

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Research on the Roadmap and Prospect of BRICS Cooperation Mechanism from the Perspective of BRICS Committed to Innovation

Yuanping Die*

Abstract: On October 23, 2024, Xi Jinping, President of People’s Republic of China (PRC), was present at the 16th BRICS Summit and gave a keynote address, emphasizing the need to collaborate to transform BRICS into a premier conduit for reinforcing solidarity and coordinated efforts among the Global South, and a vanguard force for propelling the reform of [...] Read More.

Keywords: BRICS Countries, BRICS Committed to Innovation, Scientific and Technological Innovation, Digital Economy

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Issue Information

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Cover Page

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From Origins to Future: The Evolution and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence in the Reasoning Era

Bingyi Yang*, Jiang Qu

Abstract: With the release of the OpenAI o1 model, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has ushered in a new era of Reasoning. This article reviews the development history of AI technology, from the early days of symbolic reasoning and logic programming, to the data-driven era of machine learning, and to the current era of [...] Read More.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Era of Reasoning; Global Governance, International Cooperation

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Research on the Integration of the Singapore Mediation Convention with China's Commercial Mediation System

Kaiheng Hu, Qifan Jiang*

Abstract: The Singapore Mediation Convention is another milestone document in the development of international commercial dispute resolution mechanisms, providing a unified framework for the enforcement of cross-border settlement agreements. However, the convention's rules differ significantly from China's existing commercial mediation system [...] Read More.

Keywords: Singapore Mediation Convention, Enforcement of Settlement Agreements; International Commercial Mediation, China's Commercial Mediation System

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Subnational Science and Technology Diplomacy: Navigating Geopolitical Challenges Through the Lens of California-China Climate Cooperation

Yucan Jin*

Abstract: Amid escalating geopolitical tensions, traditional state-centric science and technology (S&T) diplomacy faces significant limitations, while the urgency of the climate crisis necessitates innovative frameworks for collaboration. This article examines the critical role of subnational actors in advancing climate diplomacy, using the case of California-China [...] Read More.

Keywords: Science and Technology Diplomacy, Subnational Cooperation; California- China Climate Cooperation, Geopolitical Challenges

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Gendered Vulnerabilities and Capacities in Disaster Response and Recovery: A Case Study of the 2015 Nepal Earthquake

Ruiqi Chen*

Abstract: Nothing except for disasters can be nearer to death, nothing except for disasters can reveal the vulnerabilities and capacities of people. In the 2015 Nepal earthquake, disaster acted as a mirror by reflecting how gender dynamics shaped women's experiences during the earthquake, and how gendered aftermath operations restructured Nepalese society. Based on [...] Read More.

Keywords: Gendered Vulnerabilities, Nepal Earthquake, Disaster Response, Women's Resilience

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Research on the Atlas Network and Argentina’s Economic Policy: The Logic Behind Milei Government’s Reform Bill

Chengchen Li, Yimin Zhu*

Abstract: This study investigates the pivotal role of the Atlas Network, a global free-market advocacy organization, in shaping Argentina’s economic reforms under President Javier Milei. While existing scholarship has focused on the structural and social impacts of Milei’s “Law of Bases and Starting Points for the Freedom of Argentinians,” this research offers [...] Read More.

Keywords: Atlas Network, Reform Bill, Argentina, Milei, Austrian School

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