MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

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Effect of â€œeight-trigram boxingâ€ exercise on blood oxidative status and intestine bifidobacterium and lactobacillus count in practicers

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of “Eight-trigram boxing” in reducing blood oxidative status and improving intestine benefical bacteria counts. Participants were randomly assigned to “Eight-trigram boxing” exercise. After 3 months, significant increase in GSH, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and GR activities were observed. In addition, intestine benefical bacteria bifidobacterium and lactobacillus count were markedly enhanced. It could be concluded that “Eight-trigram boxing” exercise was beneficial to practicers’ health.[...] Read More.

Keywords: “Eight-trigram boxing”, antioxidant, bifidobacterium, lactobacillus.

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Expression of innate immune-related genes of Kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus, after challenge with Vibrio nigripulchritudo

Jean Fall, Tomoya Kono, Mahmoud Tanekhy, Toshiaki Itami and Masahiro Sakai*

Abstract: The expression of five innate immune-related genes crustin (MjCrus), lysozyme (MjLyz), penaeidin (MjPEN), Toll-like Receptors (MjToll), and Tumor Necrosis Factor (MjTNF) in the lymphoid organ (LO) and intestine of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) was investigated after challenge with Vibrio nigripulchritudo. Bacteria (1 x 105 CFU/ml) were injected into the second abdominal segment of the shrimp. The LO and intestine were isolated at 3, 12, 24, and 48 h post-injection, and total RNA was extracted. The expression of MjCrus, MjLyz, MjPEN MjToll, and MjTNF was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. In the LO, expression levels of MjCrus, MjLyz, MjPEN, MjToll, and MjTNF were significantly higher in infected shrimp than in uninfected animals. The intestine of shrimp infected with V. nigripulchritudo exhibited higher expression of MjCrus, MjLyz, MjPEN, and MjTNF than did that of uninfected animals. However, intestinal MjToll expression levels were similar in both groups. These results suggested that MjCrus, MjLyz, MjPEN, MjToll, and MjTNF may play an important role in the immune defense of kuruma shrimp exposed to V. nigripulchritudo.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus, innate immune-related gene, infection, Vibrio nigripulchritudo.

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Effect of cement dust pollution on microbial properties and enzyme activities in cultivated and no-till soils

Serdar Bilen

Abstract: Cement dust pollution is one of the sources of atmospheric pollution. The main impacts of the cement activity to the environment are the broadcasts of dusts and gases. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of cement dust pollution, which was generated by cement plant, on soil microbial population, microbial respiration, and some enzyme activities in cultivated wheat (CT) and no-till (NT) soils. The fields are located at distances of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 km away from the cement plant. In dominant wind direction, three replicated 36 soil samples were taken from a depth of 0 to 20 cm and analyzed for chemical, physical and microbiological properties. Soil microbial population and CO2-C production showed significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation in CT and NT soils. The highest microbial population and CO2-C production was observed at 15 km away from the cement plant in CT and NT soils. Acid phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase enzyme activities of the soils showed significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation with distance in CT and NT (r2 = 0.80-0.86; r2 = 0.90 to 0.92; r2 = 0.79 to 0.82, respectively). There was negative correlation between alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity and distance in CT and NT (r2 = 0.60, r2 = 0.68; p < 0.05).[...] Read More.

Keywords: Microbial respiration, CO2-C production, microbial population, cement dust pollution, soil enzyme activity.

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Study of sputum and bronchoscopic lavage for acid fast bacilli in patients with pulmonary infections

Azar Dokht Khosravi,*, Manigeh Mehdinejad, Alireza Mozzafari and Mohammad Hashemzadeh

Abstract: The diagnosis of tuberculosis is based on the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on clinical specimens with different methods. Although there are many diagnostic techniques, such as culture and molecular methods, however, sputum smear microscopy for demonstration of acid fast bacilli remains the most important diagnostic method for tuberculosis in high prevalence countries due to its speed, easy performance, and low cost. The aim of this study was determination of prevalence of acid fast bacilli (AFB) in specimens of suspected patients of pulmonary infections. In total, 2872 specimens of sputum and bronchoscopic lavage were collected. For smear preparation, the specimens were decontaminated and processed. Prepared smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen staining method as per standard guideline and examined under the light microscope for the presence of acid fast bacilli. From total specimens examined, 1726 (60%) were isolated from male patients and 1146 (40%) were from females. One hundred and eighty three (6.4%) were positive for acid fast bacilli. These were identified in 81.4% of sputum specimens and 18.4% of bronchoscopic lavages. The majority of smears were graded as 3+ according to criteria for AFB smear reporting. The results of the present study indicated that Ziehl Neelsen stain is preferable method for all suspected tuberculosis cases in absence of culture.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Sputum-bronchoscopic lavage, Ziehl Neelsen, acid fast bacilli, tuberculosis.

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Isolation and application of a chlorpyrifos-degrading Bacillus licheniformis ZHU-1

Jiangwei Zhu, Yan Zhao and Jiangping Qiu*

Abstract: A strain ZHU-1 capable of utilizing chlorpyrifos as the sole carbon sources and energy was isolated from soil. ZHU-1 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis based on analysis of morphology, physiological and biochemical characters and 16S rRNA. The addition of ZHU-1 to soil treated with chlorpyrifos resulted in a higher degradation rate than noninoculated soils, the degradation rate of chlorpyrifos (100 mg kg-1) could reach 99% or above after 14 days. The microbial manure added by strain ZHU -1 can be applied not only as fertilizer, but also in degrading chlorpyrifos residue in soil. This study may provide basis for prevention and control of pesticides pollution.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Chlorpyrifos, degradation, Bacillus licheniformis, microbial manure.

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Malondialdehyde, vitamin E, and anti-oxidant enzyme activity levels in patients with crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever

Hüseyin Aydin, Gürsel Yildiz*, Aynur Engin, Abdülkerim Yilmaz, Kenan Çelik and Sevtap Bakir

Abstract: Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral disease that can be seen in people epidemically or as single patient. CCHF is a highly deadly disease caused by Nairovirus from Bunyaviridae family. Endothelial damage caused by secreted cytokines plays an important role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly cytotoxic. Intracellular and extracellular antioxidants are the mechanisms that protect the cell from the cytotoxic effects of the ROS. In this study, malondialdehite (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutation peroxidase (GSHPx), glutation reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) enzyme activities and vitamin E – one of the antioxidant vitamins, values are examined to evaluate how oxidant/antioxidant value is affected in patients with CCHF. 47 patients diagnosed as CCHF with control group that is made of 41 healthy individuals that matched to patient group as sex and age contributed to study. All individuals’ plasma SOD, CAT, GSHPx, GR, and vitamin E values and erythrocyte MDA levels were determined. SOD enzyme activity is increased (p0.05). Vitamin E values turned out to be lower than control group (p[...] Read More.

Keywords: Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, antioxidants, vitamin E, malondialdehyde.

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Bacteriological and fungal evaluation of some aromatic and taste giving herbs from Igdir region in Eastern Anatolia of Turkey

Zeynep Ulukanli* and Ekber Karadag

Abstract: In this work, aromatic and taste giving herbs including thyme (n=23), basil (n=23) and mint (n=19) samples collected from retail outlets of Igdir were examined for the microbiological quality as well as the detection of some pathogenic bacteria. Total aerobic mesophilic counts varied from 102 to107 cfu/g in thyme, 103 to 107 cfu/g in basil and mint samples. Coliforms were present in 34.8% of thyme, 69.6% of basil and 36.4% of mint samples. E. coli was detected only in a mint sample. Detection rate for staphylococci and micrococci in thyme, basil and mint was 21.7, 69.4 and 79%, respectively. Enterococci were observed in 21.7, 26 and 26.3% of thyme, basil and mint samples, respectively. Samples revealed the absence of Lactobacilli, S. aureus. E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. Aerobic Spore Forming Bacteria (ASB) was present in 56.3% of thyme, 74% of basil and 94.8% of mint samples. Sulphide Reducing Clostridia (SRC) only occurred in 30.5% of thyme and 5.2% of mint samples included SRC. Total yeast and fungal counts indicated that 52% of thyme, 61% of basil, 58% of mint samples was > 104 cfu/g.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Thyme, basil, mint, herbs, microorganisms, Igdir.

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Antimicrobial protein production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBL27: An application of statistical optimization technique

K. Vijayalakshmi and Suseela Rajakumar*

Abstract: The applicability of the Taguchi DOE (design of experiment) methodology for optimization of medium composition for maximum antimicrobial protein (AMP) production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBL27 has been demonstrated in the present study. The influence of individual factors and the relationships between the factors and their levels were established. Three factors viz, glucose, triammonium citrate and K2HPO4, each at three levels were selected and an orthogonal array (OA) layout of L27 containing 27 well-defined experiments were performed. Two response variables (bacterial growth and inhibitory activity of the AMP) were measured. Maximum AMP production was achieved at a concentration of 1.0% glucose, 0.25% triammonium citrate and 0.2% K2HPO4. The experiments conducted provided basic information to improve the efficiency of AMP production and supported the analysis of main effect of each constituent in the medium. This study is therefore another example of the application of the Taguchi methodology for improvement of biological processes.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Antimicrobial protein, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, optimization, response surface methodology (RSM), Taguchi design.

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Occurrence of Klebsiella oxytoca producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in different seasons in Ilam Hospitals, Iran

Sobhan Ghafouryan, Nourkhoda Sadeghifard, VasanthaKumari Neela, Nor Shamsudin Mariana, Reza Mohebi, Mohammad Rahbar , Ali Hematian, Zamberi bin Sekawi*, Mohammad Raftari and Iraj Pakzad

Abstract: Our study focused on assessing frequency of Klebsiella oxytoca, to study incidence of K. oxytoca producing ESBLs, to investigate frequency of blaTEM,blaSHV and blaCTX-M and to determine resistance of K. oxytoca producing ESBLs toward non-beta-lactam antibiotics, in different seasons in Ilam hospital. Twelve clinical isolates of K. oxytoca were found during March 2007 to April 2008 in Ilam hospital in Ilam city in west of Iran. The strains were isolated from admitted patients in surgery wards, lesion and respiratory tract infection. ESBLs identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. PCR had done for detection of blaSHV, TEM and CTX-M. K. oxytoca producing ESBLS were evaluated against non -beta-lactam antibiotics.of twelve K. oxytoca collected in Ilam hospitals, 16.67% (n=2), 16.67% (n=2) and 66.66% (n=8) were from the surgery wards, lesion, and respiratory tract infections (RTIs), respectively. 25% of K. oxytoca were ESBLs positive. blaSHV were found as responsible for ESBLs production. All the K. oxytoca producing ESBLs were susceptible to non-beta-lactam antibiotics. The highest frequency of K. oxytoca were found from patients with RTI (66.7%) and the lowest frequency of K. oxytoca had observed in admitted patients in surgery ward and patients with lesion infections, as an equal (16.6%) . Our finding showed that resistant to ceftazidime was more than the others antibiotics (41.66%). We were found the most ESBLs production occurred in winter in K. oxytoca isolated in surgery ward (50%). Key word: K. oxytoca, ESBLs, Ilam Hospitals, Iran.[...] Read More.

Keywords: K. oxytoca, ESBLs, Ilam Hospitals, Iran.

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Bacterial load on Ghanaian currency notes

Patrick Feglo* and Michael Nkansah

Abstract: Ghanaian currency notes are handled by all manner of people including ready-to- eat food sellers who serve food and handle the currency notes as they sell making the notes dirty and cross-contaminated. Hence this study aims at determining bacterial species and level of contamination of the notes in circulation. Ghanaian currency notes were collected at random from ready- to-eat food sellers in Kumasi. Buffered peptone water (BPW) washings of the notes were inoculated onto plate count agar (PCA) for total viable count and then Blood and MacConkey agar for bacteria identification. The study reveals 98.6% of the currency notes were bacterially contaminated, 12 (17.14%) had acid-fast bacilli, and 1.43% Taenia sp. ovum. The bacterial mean viable count was 1.5 × 104 ± 1.1 × 101 CFU/Note, the GH¢1 had the highest mean viable count of 4.0 × 104 CFU/Note, the GH¢5 1.8 × 104 CFU/Note, and then the GH¢10 had 2.8 × 103 CFU/Note. The isolates were Bacillus species (41.07%), coagulase-negative staphylococcus (33.04%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.14%), Enterococcus faecalis (7.14%), Citrobacter freundi (4.46%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.68%), Shigella dysenteriae (2.68%) and Escherichia coli (1.79%). The Ghanaian currency notes in circulation were found to be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms which can spread human diseases.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Bacterial contamination, currency notes, food poisoning.

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