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Lipid profile of a population of diabetic patients attending Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Clinic, Abuja

Ugwu, C. E*. , Ezeanyika, L. U. S., Daikwo, M. A. and Amana, R.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

Full Length Research Paper

Lipid profile of a population of diabetic patients attending Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Clinic, Abuja

Ugwu, C. E¹*. , Ezeanyika, L. U. S.², Daikwo, M. A.¹ and Amana, R.¹

¹Department of Biochemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria.

²Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

Accepted 20 January, 2017

Abstr

This study was conducted to compare the lipid profile of diabetic patients and healthy controls. The lipid profiles and lipoprotein levels of 50 known diabetic patients and 50 healthy subjects were studied. Total cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerols (TG), Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were assayed for each group using standard biochemical methods. The mean TC, TG, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower in the diabetics than in the control subjects though these were not significant (P > 0.05). The frequency of high TC level was higher in the diabetic group while the frequency of low HDL -C level was higher in the healthy controls. The prevalence of high TG and LDL-C were approximately equal in the two groups. The mean (±SD) HDL- C was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in males compared to the females for both diabetic and control groups. The better lipid profiles in the diabetic patients compared to the controls were apparently due to the regime of management of their condition.

Key words: Diabetes, lipid profile, Nigerians.

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Degradation of pyrimidine ribonucleosides by extracts of Aspergillus terreus

Osama M. Abdel-Fatah*, Maysa A. Elsayed and Ali M. Elshafei

Abstract: Cell-free extracts of nitrate- grown mycelia of Aspergillus terreus could catalyze the hydrolytic deami-nation of cytidine to uridine and ammonia followed by the hydrolytic cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond of the produced uridine to the corresponding base (uracil) and ribose. The same extracts could not catalyze the hydrolytic deamination of cytosine. Addition of inorganic arsenate to the reaction mixture containing cytidine or uridine did not affect the amount of ribose liberated indicating the absence of pyrimidine ribonucleosides phosphorylase in the extracts. Cytidine deaminase showed an optimum activity at pH 7.0 and 60°C and stability to high degrees of temperature. Uridine hydrolase activity was optimized at pH 8.0 and 55°C. Incubation of the extracts at 55°C for 60 min showed no effect on uridine hydrolase activity whereas incubation of the extracts at 60 and 70°C for different interval times caused a gradual decrease in activity and the enzyme lost its activity completely by incubation at 80°C for 15 min. Dialyzing the extracts showed no effect on cytidine deaminase activity and a decrease in uridine hydrolase activity. Addition of EDTA at a concentration of 5 x 10-3 M and 10-2 M caused an inhibition to the two enzymes activities. The presence of MgSO4 in the reaction mixture seems to activate greatly both enzymatic cytidine deamination (225 and 128% increases) and uridine hydrolysis (22 and 77% increases) at final concentrations of 5 x 10-3 M and 10-2 M respectively. However HgCl2 and CuSO4 were found to be potent inhibitors for both activities at the two concentrations.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Pyrimidine ribonucleosides, cytidine, uridine, cytidine deaminase, uridine hydrolase, Aspergillus terreus.

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Isolation and preliminary characterization of conophor nut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) lipase

Victor N. Enujiugha

Abstract: Lipase in oilseeds helps to hydrolyze the ester bonds of storage triacylglycerols. The crude lipase from the conophor nut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) was isolated and assayed via quantification of the free fatty acids liberated by the hydrolysis of the oilseed triacylglycerols. Optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity of the conophor nut lipase was pH 8.0 and at 30°C with substantial lipolysis at 80°C, underscoring the thermostability of the enzyme. The effects of different ions on the activity of the isolated lipase were examined. NaCl and EDTA inhibited activity by various degrees, while Ca2+ and Hg+ enhanced the enzyme activity. The results of the present study show that the lipase from conophor nut can favourably be exploited to complement existing lipase sources.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Conophor nut, lipase activity, temperature, pH.

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Efficacy of Dissotis rotundifolia on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in rats

Abdullahi Mann*, Evans C. Egwim, Barnabas Banji, Nda-Umar Abdukadir, Mohammed Gbate, J. T. Ekanem

Abstract: The therapeutic potential of the crude extract of Dissotis rotundifolia was investigated in rats infected with Trypanosoma b. brucei. Animals were treated orally or intraperitoneally at 200, 600 and 800 mg/kg body weight. At 800 mg/kg, parasitemia was reduced by 66.7 and 78.4% after oral and intraperitoneal administration respectively. In vitro exposure of blood forms to high concentration (800 mg/kg) crude extract test resulted in complete paralysis or killing within 45 s of exposure. It is concluded that D. rotundifolia may contain antitrypanosomal constituents.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Efficacy, trypanosoma, parasitemia, Dissotis rotundifolia, antitrypanosomal activity.

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A study on the combined administration of chloroquine and insulin effect on serum transferases and phosphatases activity during increased dietary fat and calcium consumption

Ajani E. O.*, Salau B. A., Ezima E. N. , Oyefuga O. H. and Osineye P. O

Abstract: Previous studies reported on relationship between chloroquine administration, insulin and glucose homeostasis, but the role of dietary fat and the combined effect of the drugs on liver function have not been exploited. The present study was set up to investigate the effect of combined administration of insulin and chloroquine on serum transferase and phosphates activity during increased dietary fat and calcium consumption. Thirty (30) adult male albino rats randomly assigned into five (5) groups were used in the study. Group A was placed on normal diet (normal control); B (test control) C, D, and E were placed on an increased dietary fat and calcium. Drugs were administered as follows: group C, insulin (100 µg/kg body weight once daily); group D, chloroquine (Imarsel Chemical Co. Ltd., Chinon, Hungary, 15 mg/kg body weight) thrice weekly over a period of 12 weeks, and group E, chloroquine combined with insulin. All rats were sacrificed after 15 weeks treatment period. Blood was withdrawn and activities of the enzymes were determined. Combined administration of the drugs increased serum alanine amino transferase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphate activity and decreased acid phosphatase activity. The result suggests that combined administration of insulin and chloroquine may result in hepatic injury particularly in individual whose dietary regimen includes increased fat and calcium.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Chloroquine, insulin, liver function, transaminases, phosphatases, dietary calcium, fat.

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Toxicological effects of chlorpyrifos and methidathion in young chickens

Ojezele, Matthew Obaineh* and Abatan, Oluwole Matthew

Abstract: The objective of this work is assessment of the toxicological effects of the organophosphorus compounds (methidathion and chlorpyrifos) and the usefulness of some parameters as bioindicators. Haematology and serum biochemistry were assayed in 15 cockrels at random age of 4 - 6 weeks. The birds were randomly assigned to 3 oral (by mouth) pulse-dose treatments of 0, 3.5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos, and 7.5 mg/kg methidathion, respectively. Haematology and serum biochemistry were used as indices of toxicosis. Significantly (P < 0.05) reduced WBC, Neutrophils and Lymphocyte counts were observed in the groups of birds dosed with chlorpyrifos and methidathion. PCV, Hb, and RBC were significantly decreased by methidathion while chlorpyrifos caused a significant increase in these parameters. Results obtained in this study also showed that methidathion and chlorpyrifos caused significant decrease in the levels of ALP, ALT, TP, and ALB. While methidathion caused a significant decrease in the level of AST reverse is the case for chlorpyrifos with respect to AST. It was also observed that both organophosphates had no significant effect on the level of BIL. The study thus showed that the evaluated parameters can serve as useful bioindicators of the sub lethal exposure to organo-phosphorus compounds.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Biochemistry, chlorpyrifos, methidathion, bioindicators, cockrels, haematology.

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Selected heavy metals and electrolyte levels in blood of workers and residents of industrial communities

Babalola O. O* and Babajide S. O

Abstract: The study focused on the determination of the levels of lead, cadmium, sodium and potassium in the blood of selected industrial workers (n = 36), residents of the neighboring communities (n = 36) as well as the residents of the communities further away from any industrial setting (which controls) (n = 12). The subjects were recruited from the granite served as the, ceramic and cement industries at Ewekoro, Abeokuta North and South Local government areas of Ogun state, Nigeria. The blood lead (BPb) and cadmium (BCd) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while blood sodium (BNa+) and potassium (BK+) were determined by flame photometry. The weight and height of all respondents were measured in addition to other information obtained through a structured questionnaire and their body mass indices computed. The mean BCd, BNa+ and BK+ for controls and the test subjects were not significantly different from each other. Significant difference was only observed in the level of BPb between the test and the control. This was also observed when comparing the mean of all the measurements in the blood of residents of the neighboring communities with that of the control subjects. These results revealed that workers and the residents of the neighboring communities are at the risk of lead poisoning to which they were exposed.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Industrial communities, heavy metals level, electrolyte levels.

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Peripheral blood and C-reactive protein levels (CRP) in chronic periodontitis

Balwant Rai, Jasdeep Kaur , Simmi Kharb, Rajnish Jain, S. C. Anand and Jaipaul Singh

Abstract: Evidence for a potential link between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease (CHD) has accumulated in recent years. C-reactive protein is potential marker of cardiovascular risk and associated with periodontal disease. CRP levels were analyzed in 26 periodontitis patients and 23 healthy controls along with hemoglobin, red blood cell count (RBC), leukocyte cell count (total and differential WBC), platelet count. Total WBC, neutrophil and platelet counts and CRP levels were raised significantly in periodontitis patients as compared to controls (p[...] Read More.

Keywords: C-reactive protein, WBC, RBC, thrombocyte, periodontitis, coronary heart disease.

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Regenerative action of Cochlospermum tinctorium aqueous root extract on experimentally induced hepatic damage in rats

Etuk E. U*, Francis U. U, Garba I

Abstract: The hepatoprotective effect of aqueous root extract of Cochlospermum tinctorium on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on induced hepatic damage in rats was reported. The present study examined the curative action of the plant extract on experimentally induced hepatic damage in rats. Wistar rats were divided into normal control, induction control, extract and prednisolone treated groups. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 (30% in olive oil) for 5 days. Treatment group received 200 mg/kg of extract post hepatotoxicity induction orally for 7 days. The animals were sacrificed on the 8th day, blood and hepatic tissue collected for liver function test and histopathological analysis respectively. Administration of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in the rats was evidenced by a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the blood clotting time, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and bilirubin as compared to the control. There was also a significant reduction in the serum total protein, serum albumin and reduced glutathione levels. Treatment with the extract reversed the values of all the biochemical parameters to near normal values in control. The histopathological reports collaborate with the biochemical analysis results. Oral administration of aqueous root extract of Cochlospermum tinctorium for 7 days has significantly reversed hepatic damage produced by CCl4 in wistar rats.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Cochlospermum tinctorium, carbon tetrachloride, hepatotoxicity, wistar rats.

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Antinociceptive properties of Trigonella foenumgreacum seeds extracts

A. Laroubi*, L. Farouk, R. Aboufatima, A. Benharref , A. Bagri and A. Chait

Abstract: Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Leguminosae), known in Morocco as “Helba”, is used in folk medicine for its anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, cicatrizing activities and to treat various pain-related physiological conditions. In the present study, we attempted to verify the possible antinociceptive action of different extracts obtained from the seeds of this plant. Three experimental models were used (acetic acid, formalin, and hot-plate tests) in order to characterize the analgesic effect. The extracts significantly, and in a dose-dependent manner, reduced the pain induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid. In the formalin test, the extracts, except ethyl acetate extract (Tfge), significantly reduced the painful stimulus but only in the early phase of the test. On the contrary, these extracts, except Tfge, were ineffective to increase the latency of licking or jumping in the hot plate test. These results suggest that the compounds present in the extracts activated both central and peripheral mechanisms to elicit the analgesic effect.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds, writhing test, formalin test, hot-plate test, nociception, mice, rats.

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