International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Abstract: Stem bark of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. Ex G. Don (Fabaceae) is used in African traditional medicine for management of diarrhoea- related disorders. The anti-diarrhoeal and anti-microbial activities of the aqueous stem bark extract of P. biglobosa and its fractions designated PF1-PF4 were investigated in mice and against selected diarrhoea-causing micro-organisms. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract in mice was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg B.W. The extract and its column chromatographi…

Abstract: Bilirubin (BR) lowering potential of Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) aqueous extract was evaluated in temporarily jaundiced adult rats. Treatment of these rats with OS aqueous extract for three days reduced the BR level significantly to the normal value. Whereas smaller dose (50 mg/kg body weight) resulted in the reduction in BR level from 2.53 ± 0.16 to 1.12 ± 0.17 mg/dL, higher doses of 500 and 1250 mg/kg body weight were found to be more effective in reducing the BR level from 2.44 ± 0.12 to 0.52 ± 0.12 mg/dL and fro…

Abstract: In this study, the acute and subacute toxicity of Bauhinia monandra methanolic leaf extract were investigated in rats. Acute administration of the extract up to a dose of 8 g/kg body weight to the animals elicited no deaths or treatment related signs of toxicity. Oral subacute administration of the extract (2.0 and 4.0 g/kg body weight) did not show any macroscopic changes in the key organs investigated in the rats. Histopathological examination revealed no significant adverse effects on the liver, spleen, testes a…

Abstract: Increasing health care cost is a major concern in the developing world and has increased the individual economical burden for a common man. Patients are affected by the high pricing of drugs and though the symptoms improve, the poor patient’s compliance sets in if the regimen is heavy on his/her pocket. Therefore, the concepts of pharmacoeconomics are essential for physicians to prescribe individualized drug therapy based on essential drug concept, STEP and R.U.D. criteria, with minimal costs to improve the cost- e…

Abstract: Pelargonium reniforme Curtis is an herb used for the treatment of various human and animal diseases especially in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The effects of the oral administration of aqueous extract of the plant roots at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight for 21 days on some haematological and biochemical parameters in male Wistar rats were investigated. Oral treatments with this extract did not cause any significant change in the white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin…

Abstract: The methanol extract of the aerial parts of Anisopus mannii was evaluated for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The analgesic effect was studied using acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test in mice, while the anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using carrageenan induced paw oedema in rats. The results of the study showed that the extract (40 mg/Kg) exhibited significant (P < 0.01) analgesic effect. It also exhibited significant (P < 0.01) anti-inflammatory effect at a dose of 20 mg/kg…

Abstract: Piperazine citrate produced a dose- dependent decrease in the blood pressure of the anaesthetized cat. Both 15 mg and 30 mg/kg piperazine showed average significant reduction in blood pressure of 29.8 ± 1.65 and 78.3 ± 3.18 mm Hg respectively. The effect produced in each case was transient and returned to baseline value within 2 min. The reduction in blood pressure caused by piperazine 30 mg/kg was statistically significant compared to the average due to piperazine 15 mg/kg (P < 0.0001). The maximum falls over the…

Abstract: Our objective was to demonstrate the protective effect of glycine (Gly) and vitamin E (VE) on a model of ethanol-induced acute liver injury during the early phase of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats. Fifty male Wistar rats (body weight (b.w.), 240 - 280 g) were divided into four groups (n = 10, each, respectively) as follows: 1) control partial hepatectomy (PH), 70%; 2) PH + ethanol (EtOH) at 1.5 g/kg b.w; 3) PH + Gly (0.6 g/kg b.w) + EtOH, and; 4) PH + VE (400 International units [IU]) + E…

Abstract: This project aimed to determine awareness of South African adults with tuberculosis (TB) of the ototoxic effects of TB medication. 60 adults undergoing TB treatment in Gauteng participated. A semi-structured interview schedule was utilized to collect data. Data analysis used descriptive statistics. Results revealed a generalized lack of awareness amongst the participants regarding TB as a disease, its symptoms and how it is contracted; with 50% of the participants lacking awareness of the importance of adherence to…

Abstract: This paper reviews and discusses the importance of documenting ethnopharmacological information on medicinal plants. The literature review was done by collecting relevant information from journal articles, workshop proceedings, books and electronic resources. The review sums up the importance of documenting the indigenous traditional knowledge on medicinal plants as being a vehicle for; (i) preserving cultural heritage, (ii) ethnopharmacological bases of drug research and (ii) preserving of biological diversity.[…

Abstract: Recently, several reports have indicated that individuals living with HIV/AIDS undergo a condition of chronic oxidative stress with a resultant decline in nutritional antioxidants and other micronutrients. It has also been reported that these micronutrient deficiencies interfere with immune functions, weaken epithelial integrity, contribute to oxidative stress and enhance HIV disease progression. Reports from observational studies have led to an increasing interest in the possible benefits of micronutrient suppleme…

Abstract: This review summarizes the role of vaccines in elimination and global eradication of measles-a review of literature. Measles eradication is defined as the interruption of measles transmission worldwide as a result of deliberate efforts; intervention methods may no longer be needed. It represents the sum of successful elimination efforts in all countries. Indeed, measles transmission has been interrupted in several countries, reinforcing the view that measles eradication is technically feasible using existing vaccin…

Abstract: The accuracy and reliability of the analytical results are critical in ensuring quality, safety, and efficacy of pharmaceutical products. However, to ensure these criteria, the choice of appropriate analytical method is required. This study sets out to compare the efficacy of visual, potentiometric titrations and UV spectrophotometric methods in the determination of the quality of Ibuprofen tablets in Nigeria. Eight different brands of Ibuprofen tablets were purchased from local pharmacies and drug stores. Visual…

Abstract: The effects of crude methanolic extract of Withania coagulans (Wc.cr) were studied for possible calcium channel blocking activities in rabbit’s jejunum preparations at different doses. Potassium chloride (KCl) induced contractions were also inhibited by the Wc.cr extract suggesting calcium channel blocking activity. Calcium channel blocking activity was confirmed by the right shift in the dose response curves of the tissues in calcium free tyrode’s solution. The dose response curves of the Wc.cr resemble the curves…

Abstract: Two antimalarial drugs; Halofantrine HCl and Artemether whose mechanism of action has been shown to depend on the disruption of the red blood cells during malarial infections were investigated for possible trypanocidal activity in vivo. Pre-treatment with Artemether before infection with the parasite had no effect on infected rat when compared to the control. Treatment at the early stage of infection extended the lifespan from 11 days for control to 13th and 14th days post infection for dose treatments at 4.6 and 2…