International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Abstract: The levels of serum enzymes and haemolytic effects of overdose of halofantrine hydrochloride were determined in adult male rats. The animals were grouped into four groups and were orally administered halofantine hydrochloride in normal saline: 0 mg/kg (control), 4 mg/kg (under-dose), 8 mg/kg (normal dose) and 16 mg/kg (overdose) in three repeated doses at 6 h interval. The changes in serum enzyme levels were determined by monitoring the levels alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosp…

Abstract: The Syzygium cumini has medicinal importance as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiulcergenic. The major components of the leaves and seeds have the acid, neutral and phenolic fractions. In this study, the neutral fraction components which form the bulk is studied in detail and results were presented. The neutral components of the leaves and seeds have been studied by gas-chromatography. A total of 13 and 42 compounds were identified in the leaves and seeds respectively. The main compounds in the leaf extract…

Abstract: The effect of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum was investigated in rat models of liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) . Treatment of separate groups of rats with 2.5 ml/kg body weight of 5, 10 and 15% aqueous extracts of O. gratissimum for 3 weeks after establishment of CCl4 induced liver damage, resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) less hepatotoxicity than with CCl4 alone, as measured by serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) a…

Abstract: Lead is a persistent and common environmental contaminant, which chiefly plays a significant role in modern industry. Coenzyme Q acts as electron and proton carrier in mitochondria and functions as an antioxidant in its reduced form (ubiquinol) . To investigate the hazardous effects of lead on the coenzyme Q level, rats were injected i.p. with lead acetate (5 mg/kg b.wt. daily for 6 weeks). Our results showed that the levels of both oxidized (ubiquinone) and reduced (ubiquinol) forms of coenzyme Q9 and Q10 in serum…

Abstract: The inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in vitro, at non-cytotoxic concentrations of Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich. extracts have been evaluated. As for the antiviral activity, the maximum non toxic concentration has been established and this concentration has been used in the anti herpes assay, in vitro. Antiviral activity was determined by reduction of the virus titres. U. baccifera extracts showed the maximum percentage of inhibition against HSV-1-ACVr and the order…

Abstract: This study was conducted in Tubah subdivision, Northwest region, Cameroon, aiming at identifying plants used to treat respiratory diseases. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview members of the population including traditional healers, herbalists, herb sellers, and other villagers. The plant parts used as well as the modes of preparation and administration were recorded. Fifty four plant species belonging to 51 genera and 33 families were collected and identified by their vernacular and scientific na…

Abstract: The effects of over-the-counter garlic oil capsules and vitamin E on the liver following paracetamol (APAP) overdose was studied. This was with a view to comparing the possible hepatoprotective effects of vitamin E and garlic oil. Thirty adult Wistar rats weighing between 150 and 200 g were randomly divided into five groups of 6 rats each. Garlic oil (3 mg/kg) or vitamin E (200 mg/kg) was administered concurrently with a daily oral dose of 500 mg/kg of APAP. Serum levels of Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate tra…

Abstract: The present study evaluates the antimicrobial activity of fractionated extracts of Ageratum conyzoides in a bid to isolate the active constituents of the plant with anti- Helicobacter pylori activity. Helicobacter pylori was isolated from the specimens following standard microbiology procedures and isolates subjected to pure fractions of plant extracts for antimicrobial assays. Extracts of A. conyzoides was fractionated by silica gel and thin layer chromatography to obtain pure fractions (17). Fractions 23 - 30 and…

Abstract: To study the anti-athletic fatigue effects of Schizandra chinensis aqueous extracts (SCAE), Forty Kunming male mice were randomized into 5 groups (CG, LDG, MDG, IHDG and HDG) equally based on body mass after one week adoption. The control group (CG) was given distilled water and LDG, MDG, IHDG and HDG were given various doses of SCAE (15, 30, 50 and 80 mg/kg) for 28 consecutive days, respectively. Swimming time, lactate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were measured in the forced swimmin…

Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) root decoction vs. omeprazole and misoprostol for the treatment of aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Animals were randomly assigned first to the “prophylaxis” and “treatment” groups and then to the test and the control groups. Liquorice decoction (25 ml/kg; i.g.); omeprazole (2.3 mg/kg; i.p.) and misoprostol (50 g/kg; i.g.) were administered for 3 consecutive days 30 min before aspirin (200 mg/kg, i.g.) admini…

Abstract: Using the principles of creating "me-too-drugs" halogen substitution anilides of 7-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid have been synthesized as potential diuretics. According to the results of biological trials, the substances exceeding the diuretic effect of hydrochlorothiazide in sufficiently less dose have been revealed. It has been shown that like pyrroloquinolines, which were previously studied, 7-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-6-carboxamides c…

Abstract: There are significant differences in the performances of dosing algorithms between Caucasians, African Americans and Oriental populations owing to differences in the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in enzymes involved in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic pathway, although other non-genetic factors do also contribute. The purpose of this work was to assess the vitamin K-epoxide reductase complex unit 1 (VKORC1) haplotypes in the Omani population for predicting specificity of warfarin dose response. We stud…

Abstract: Irrational use of drugs is a widespread problem at all levels of care, and results in increased mortality, morbidity, adverse drug reactions, poor patient outcomes and wastage of scarce resources. The main objective of the study was to investigate the pattern of rational drug use in the Ghana Police Hospital. Based on World Health Organization (WHO) core indicators of rationale drug use, prescribing data were obtained from 120 outpatients’ records from January-July in 2009. Patient and health facility indicators we…

Abstract: The synthesized compounds in our work are calss of heterocyclic compounds in organic synthetic.In the present study, series of various organic compounds [1-11] were synthesized from anil –arabinose compound, which contain two imine –groups can be react as starting material with other compounds (sodium azide, chloro acetyl chloride, azo compound, thiol, secondary amine, maleic anhydride, primary amine) to produce cyclic and open cyclic compounds from (azitidine , form azane , diazepine , thiazine , diazane , sulfide…

Abstract: Therapeutic drug monitoring is relevant in individualizing drug therapy, optimizing clinical response and reducing incidence of adverse effects. The use of many effective drugs in clinical practice is limited due to narrow therapeutic window, necessitating individualization of treatment within the framework of therapeutic drug monitoring. Therapeutic drug monitoring is an effective tool for quality assurance in clinical practice, more so for optimizing therapy. Drugs for which therapeutic drug monitoring is indicat…