MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

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Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Ballota acetabulosa

Basaran Dulger* and Alper Sener

Abstract: The ethanol extracts obtained from Ballota acetabulosa (L.) Benth (Lamiaceae) were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Stapylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Escherichia coli ATCC 10538, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6899, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445, Psuedomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238, Kluyveromyces fragilis ATCC 8608 and Rhodotorula rubra DSM 70403 by disc diffusion method and micro dilution method. The extracts showed strong antibacterial activity against E. coli, with inhibition zones of 18.6 mm and with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of 16 (32) µg/mL, respectively. K. fragilis is among the most susceptible in the yeast cultures, with inhibition zone of 18.2 mm and with MICs and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of 16 (32) µg/mL, respectively. Also, the extracts exhibited moderate activity in the other test of micro -organisms. The results demonstrate that the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of B. acetabulosa has significant activity and suggest that it may be useful in the treatment of infections.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Ballota acetabulosa, ethanol extract, antimicrobial activity.

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Correlation analysis of inhibin B, follistatin and activin A in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Shen ZongJi, Chen Xiao-Ping*, Wang WanXiang, Liu HongMei and Ren XinPing

Abstract: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a term used to describe women who have a tendency, because of abnormal ovulation to develop multiple small cysts on their ovaries. In this study, we investigated the abnormal levels of serum inhibin B, follistatin and activin A in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Serum levels of inhibin B, follistatin and activin A on cycle day 3 were measured both in PCOS group and in controls (women with regular cycle). The difference between the two groups and relationship of inhibin B, follistatin and activin A with other sex hormone, body mass index (BMI), insulin and fast glucose were analyzed. Levels of serum inhibin B in PCOS were higher (P[...] Read More.

Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome, follistatin, activin, hyperinsulinemia.

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Molecular prevalence for Bovine immunodeficiency virus infection in Iranian cattle population

Elahe Tajbakhsh*, Gholamreza Nikbakht Borujeni, Hassan Momtazan and Nour Amirmozafari

Abstract: Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), a member of the family Retroviridae, is an infectious pathogenic lentivirus in cattle. Although, BIV induced cattle infections are reported in several countries of the world, its prevalence in Iran is not clearly known. In this investigation, we report the detection of proviral DNA sequence of BIV in 300 blood samples of cattle by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotiode primers specific for the gag gene region of the virus. Blood samples were taken from Chaharmahale Bakhtiary province. According to the PCR results, infection rate in the cattle population were 60%. This is the first report for the presence of BIV in cattle and sheep population of Chaharmahale Bakhtiary province, and the first evidence for sheep infection.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Bovine immunodeficiency virus, cattle, Chaharmahale Bakhtiary province, Iran, PCR.

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Combined effects of dry matter content, incubation temperature and final pH of fermentation on biochemical and microbiological characteristics of probiotic fermented milk

Gelareh Shafiee, Amir Mohammad Mortazavian*, Mohammad Amin Mohammadifar, Mohammad Reza Koushki, Abdorreza Mohammadi and Reza Mohammadi

Abstract: Combined effects of milk non-fat dry matter content (4, 8 or 12%), incubation temperature (37, 40 or 44°C) and final pH of fermentation (4.2 or 4.5) on biochemical and microbiological characteristics of probiotic fermented milk (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, and yogurt bacteria) during and immediately after fermentation were investigated. Treatments containing higher dry matter contents had slower pH and redox potential decline rates, faster acidity increase rate, longer incubation time and greater final titrable acidity. Treatments fermented at higher temperatures with lower final pH displayed longer fermentation time and greater final titrable acidity. Treatments with higher dry matter non-fat contents, lower incubation temperatures and higher final pH of fermentation possessed greater viability of probiotic bacteria. The concentration of lactic acid in treatments increased in parallel with the titrable acidity and the concentration of acetic acid were proportional to the viability of bifidobacteria.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Bifidobacteria, fermented milk, Lactobacillus acidophilus, probiotic, viability.

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In vitro effect of Melaleuca alternifolia and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils on mycelia formation by oral Candida albicans strains

Emira Noumi*, Mejdi Snoussi, and Amina Bakhrouf

Abstract: Several mechanisms can inhibit mycelium formation which is an essential step for Candida albicans virulence. In this study, two essential oils of Melaleuca alternifolia and Eucalyptus globulus were tested for their ability to inhibit the mycelium formed on Lee medium by oral C. albicans. Lee medium was added with different concentrations of M. alternifolia essential oil ranging from 0.156 to 10 mg/ml and from 0.039 to 10 mg/ml for E. globulus. The results obtained showed that 5/17 of C. albicans strains were strongly mycelium producers, nine strains were moderately mycelium producers and three isolates were unable to form hyphae after 2 h of incubation in the same medium. M. alternifolia essential oil has an antimycelial activity against C. albicans isolates than E. globulus essential oil. In fact, only 1/2 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.312 mg/ml) of M. alternifolia was able to inhibit total mycelium in C. albicans isolate while 2 MIC (0.312 mg/ml) of the second essential oil was necessary to inhibit germ tube formation in the same strain.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Candida albicans, Melaleuca alternifolia, Eucalyptus globulus, mycelium, lee medium.

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Comparative susceptibility of in vitro biofilm and planktonic cells of Staphylococcus aureus to antimicrobials

T. Mahami*, A. Adu-Gyamfi and C. Owulah

Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of frequently used veterinary wound antimicrobials for their efficacy in killing mature in vitro Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and inhibiting planktonic cells. The predictiveness of the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assay as a tool for antibiotic susceptibility testing was also assessed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and MBEC of tetracycline, tetracycline-based commercial wound spray, silver nitrate, gentian violet, iodine tincture, sucrose and a laboratory mixture of sucrose and gentian violet were determined. Whereas low concentrations of all these antimicrobials except sucrose inhibited planktonic S. aureus, only silver nitrate eradicated the biofilm phenotype. Silver nitrate at a Ag+ concentration of 4 x MIC showed 100% efficiency of removal or 7.70-log reduction of S. aureus biofilm cells, 1% gentian violet gave a significant reduction (55% or 0.35- log, P = 0.046) and 120% sucrose in gentian violet also showed a significant percentage reduction of 89.71% (0.98-log, P = 0.001). However, 120% sucrose and 2% iodine tincture reduced biofilms insignificantly (28.26% or 0.14-log, P = 0.098) and (34.78% or 0.18-log, P = 0.065), respectively. Based on the national committee for clinical laboratory brake-points, S. aureus biofilms lacked sensitivity to tetracycline and the tetracycline base wound spray. In conclusion, the antibiofilm properties of Ag+ observed in this study may improve the success rate in treating clinical biofilm-associated S. aureus wound infections if the MBEC assay is applied to select appropriate concentrations.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, biofilms, planktonic, antimicrobials, wound, infections.

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Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of extract from Plumbago zeylanica

Kantha D. Arunachalam , P. Velmurugan and R. Balaji Raja*

Abstract: Plumbago species (Family-Plumbaginaceae) are one of the most important medicinal plants which are used for anti- inflammatory, antimicrobial diseases. Our work involves the study of anti inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of Plumbago zeylanica. The root of P. zeylanica extracted with methanol was used for determining the anti inflammatory effects. The methanolic extracts at 300 and 500 mg/kg produced 31.03 and 60.3% inhibition of acute inflammation, respectively, in Carrageenin induced raw paw oedema confirming that P. zeylanica roots are effective against acute inflammation. For the evaluation of cytotoxicity, the crude dichloromethane extract was subjected to silica gel column chromatography and 120 fractions were collected. Their structures were elucidated with the help of spectroscopic techniques. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to determine the purity of gugultetrol-18-ferrulate in crude extract and the structure of betasitosterol and gugultetrol-18-ferrulate was identified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis (1H and 13C NMR), Infra red and mass spectroscopy. The lethal concentration (LC50) value was observed for crude extract, betasitosterol, gugultetrol-18- ferrulate and it was found to be 90, 75 and 65 ppm, respectively. The use of Plumbago species as an effective anti inflammatory agent and its cytotoxic effects have been ascertained and proved.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Plumbago zeylanica, anti inflammatory, cytotoxicity, betasitosterol, gugultetrol-18-ferrulate, high performance liquid chromatography.

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Structural changes of DHA- containing phospholipids by K+ and Na+ cations in nerve cell membranes

N.Khodayari, F.Mollaamin , M. Monajjemi

Abstract: Understanding the structure and dynamics of a docosa hexaenoic acid (DHA) containing phospholipid monomer within membranes is essential for recognizing the bilayer function in central nervous system. It has been recognized that the electrical impulses in nerve cells arise from the movement of electrical charges in the form of ions across the plasma membrane. In this study, we have modeled a novel DHA-containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) found in a marine single cell eukaryote, “Schizochytrium sp F26-b” and we were focused on understanding the physico-chemical nature of K+ and Na+ movement toward DHA-containing phospholipid through its structural changes. To know more about the temperature dependence of the structural stability of 1-pentadecanoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn–glycerol-3-phosphocholin frequently calculations have been carried out at different biological temperatures and the plotted graphs of energy values at all employed temperatures have been analyzed. Our findings confirmed the usefulness of Quantum chemical calculations for determination of dynamics of a phospholipid and prediction of their biological activity in bio-membranes.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipid, nerve cell membranes, K+ and Na+, Ab initio.

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Antifungal activities of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel extracts on postharvest diseases in fruits

Jingfa Wang, Jian Li, Jiankang Cao and Weibo Jiang*

Abstract: To learn the antifungal effects of neem seed kernel extract (NE) on the post harvest diseases, pathogens of Monilinia fructicola, Penicillium expansum, Trichothecium roseum and Alternaria alternate isolated from the infected fruit were treated with NE in vitro. Results showed that growth of the four pathogens could be significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by NE. The diseases in fruit of plum (Prunus salicina) or Yali pear (Pyrus bertschneideri) inoculated with the pathogens could be prevented remarkably by treated fruit with NE.[...] Read More.

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Isolation and characterisation of new spore-forming lactic acid bacteria with prospects of use in food fermentations and probiotic preparations

Ali Bayane*, Bréhima Diawara, Robin Dauphin Dubois, Jacqueline Destain, Dominique Roblain and Philippe Thonart

Abstract: Five spore-forming bacteria producer of lactic acid were isolated from soils sampled in the vicinity of poultry farms in Burkina Faso. All isolates were Gram-positive, motile, mesophilic, facultative anaerobic, catalase positive rods, and with L(+) lactic acid production. The isolates have been characterized and identified by a polyphasic approach, combining various phenotypic and genetic characteristics. The 16S-rDNA-sequence analyses revealed the membership of two isolates to the genus Bacillus and the three other to the genus Paenibacillus. The physiological and biochemical analyses showed that the isolates were quite different from known spore forming lactic acid bacteria. Several relevant technological properties were observed, particularly the resistance of the isolates to bile salts and acidic conditions, even the productions of amylolytic and proteolytic enzymes, which could make them good candidates for certain technological applications such as food fermentations and probiotic formulations. Furthermore, the isolation of these microorganisms in the vicinity of farms reinforces the feasibility of their involvement in animal feedstuffs preparations. In conclusion, this work shows an important diversity within the spore-forming lactic acid bacteria and confirms the conclusions of previous works, which have already shown that the SFLAB (Spore Forming Lactic Acid Bacteria) were good candidates for food fermentation and the probiotic formulations.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Lactic acid, spore-forming bacteria, biodiversity, bacillus, 16S rDNA.

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