MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

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Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on the lipid, lipoproteins, apolipoprotein-A1, Lipoprotein (a) and Apolipoprotein-B in patients with gastritis

Mohammad Hassan Khadem Ansari*, Mir-davood Omrani, Biet Sayyah and Sina Khadem Ansari

Abstract: There are evidences of relationship between chronic infections of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and gastritis in some previous studies. The gastritis caused by H. pylori leads to a change in serum levels of lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1), apolipoprotein- B (Apo-B) and lipoprotein- a (Lp(a)) . These changes will lead to thrombogenesis and other cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study is to find out a correlation between lipids profiles and helicobacter gastritis. In this study 20 males and 20 females in age between 30 - 50 years old with gastritis resulting from H. pylori were chosen as patients group. Patients serum levels of Apo- A1, Apo -B and Lp(a) as well as total cholesterol, triglyceride, High density lipoprotein (HDL -C) and Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were measured. As control, 26 persons with other types of gastritis (helicobacter negative), without having diseases such as: diabetes, hyperlipidemia, renal failure, liver diseases, with similar age ranges were chosen. Mean levels of total Cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, ApoB lipoprotein and Lp (a), as well as total Cholesterol/HDL ratio and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in patients with gastritis resulted by H pylori were significantly increased compared to control groups. In addition HDL-C and Apo- A1 lipoprotein were decreased significantly. Therefore it was possible to conclude that H. pylori infection can cause lipid metabolism disorders that may act as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Gastritis, H. Pylori, lipids, lipoprotein, Apo lipoprotein, Lp (a).

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Lack of antimicrobial activities of Dicranopteris linearis extracts and fractions

Z. A. Zakaria*, A. Mat Desa, K. Ramasamy, N. Ahmat, A. S. Mohamad, D. A. Israf and M. R. Sulaiman’

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous, chloroform and methanol extracts of the leaves of Dicranopteris linearis (Gleicheniaceae) using the micro-broth dilution method. The leaves of D. linearis were soaked separately in distilled water (dH2O), chloroform and methanol in the ratio of 1:20 (w/v) for 72 h at room temperature, while some part of the methanol extracts was also partitioned with hexane, chloroform and methanol. The target microbe used were Staphylococcus aureus 25923, S. aureus 33591 (a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolate), S. aureus 700699 (a vancomycin-intermediate resistant S. aureus (VISA) isolate), S. aureus 156 (a vancomycin -resistant S. aureus (VRSA) isolate), Escherichia coli 35218 and Candida albicans 10231. The results obtained show that the methanol extract was the most active in antimicrobial testing with the MIC/MBC values of 625 µg/ml. Based on this result, fractionation was carried out on the methanol extract and yielded eleven fractions. Of these, only B5, B6 and B11 fractions were found to be effective against S. aureus 33591 and S. aureus 25927 with MIC/MBC values ranging between 1250 - 2500 µg/ml. In conclusion, the D. linearis possess mild antibacterial activity against the selected panel of microbes, which explained the lack of claimed on the plant antimicrobial activity. Key word: Dicranopteris linearis, Gleicheniaceae, micro-broth dilution method, mild antibacterial, Stapylococcus aureus.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Dicranopteris linearis, Gleicheniaceae, micro-broth dilution method, mild antibacterial, Stapylococcus aureus.

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Screening of potential infantsâ€™ lactobacilli isolates for amino acids production

Tarek, M. El-Nemr and Hesham E. Mostafa*

Abstract: A total of 9 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Egyptian infants, belonging to lactobacilli strains, were screened and selected according to their amino acids production. The isolate strains produced different essential amino acids in fermentation of M17 medium. Lactobacillus strain L1 produced the highest yield of histidine 92.5 mg/l, L2 strain produced the highest amount of asparagine 59.61 mg/l, cysteine 32.96 mg/l, phenylalanine 17.49 mg/l and tyrosine 244.91 mg/l. On the other hand, Lactobacillus strain L3 is the most potential culture for the production of citrulline 61.12 mg/l and glutamic 68.78 mg/l. This strain also produced the highest amount of lysine, ornithine and proline, which were 57.04, 95.58 and 87.06 mg/l, respectively. While the strain L4 produced the highest amount of glycine 32.12 mg/l, strain L7 produced the highest amount of alanine 147.55 mg/l and strain L5 produced the highest amount of asparatic acid 218.09 mg/l. The present study concluded that the Lactobacillus strains have the potential to produce different amino acids with variance concentrations.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Lactobacilli, Lactobacillus, amino acids, screening, production.

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Evaluation of in vitro solubilization potential of phosphate solubilising Streptomyces isolated from phyllosphere of Heritiera fomes (mangrove)

Nibha Gupta*, Dolly Sahoo and Uday Chand Basak

Abstract: Phosphate solubilising ability of five Streptomyces isolated from the phyllosphere of Heritiera fomes grown in Bhitarkanika mangrove ecosystem was evaluated using tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in both plates and broth culture conditions as well as with and without NaCl. Streptomyces ST24 showed highest solubilization of TCP, with 50.8 and 48.0 mm of halo zone in the plate assay done at pH 7.2 and temperatures 30 and 37°C. Streptomyces ST21, ST24 and ST26 showed good solubilization of TCP in culture medium with 52.15, 50.77 and 52.07 µg/ml, respectively. The requirement of NaCl for better solubilization of TCP was observed in all Streptomyces. However, ST23 and ST24 showed solubilization activity without addition of NaCl. Thus the solubilization potential varies among different isolates of Streptomyces. It also differed according to incubation period. Over all, the best solubilization ability of all test Streptomyces could be observed in the presence of 0.2% NaCl. The solubilization might be due to production of acids by the culture, since the pH of the culture broth was changed from initial pH of 7.2 and 9.0 to lower pH values.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Phosphate solubilization, Streptomyces, mangrove, salt, NaCl.

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Effects of parental involvement on studentsâ€™ attitude and performance in science

Effects of parental involvement on students’ attitude and performance in science

Abstract: This paper examines the attitude of students towards Biology and Chemistry. There was also a focus on the parental involvement. This research was set out find out how parental involvement influences students’ attitude towards, and performance in the two science subjects. An attitude questionnaire developed and standardized by the researcher was used. It’s split-half reliability coefficient yielded 0.59 and 0.51 for Biology and Chemistry respectively. A sample of four hundred and eighty students participated in the study. Three hypotheses were raised and tested. The result obtained using chi-square analysis revealed that the level of the home influence has implication on school learning and that performances of students in science are a function of their attitudes to the subject. The phenomena observed were discussed in the light of prevailing conditions in most of the developing West African countries. Conclusively, home influence can be a tool to enhance school learning.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Attitude of students, biology, chemistry, parental involvement, performance, level of the home influence, influence of parental involvement.

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Antibiotic susceptibility profile of methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from nasal samples of hospitalized patients

Muhammad Arfat Yameen, Hina Nasim, Naeem Akhtar, Saira Iram, Imran Javed and Abdul Hameed*

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistant pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). A prospective study was conducted at Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan during the period from December 2007 to August 2008. The antibiotic resistance pattern was studied for MRSA and MRSE isolated from nasal samples from patients admitted in medical and surgical intensive care units. The study was conducted on 283 isolates. The results depicted that 25% isolates of S. aureus were MRSA and 29.78% isolates of S. epidermidis were MRSE. All MRSA and MRSE were susceptible to vancomycin and quinopristin/dalfopristin while all isolates of MRSE were susceptible to teicoplanin. All the isolates of MRSA and MRSE were multidrug-resistant. The susceptibility of the isolates to the drugs varied greatly. The resistance rate of MRSA to various antibiotics was found to be as follow: cephalaxin (90%), cephalothin (58%), cephradine (86%), ciprofloxacin (80%), gentamicin (34%), imipenum (42%), levofloxacin (75%), tetracycline (49%), rifampicin (14%) and teicoplanin (3%). The resistance rate of MRSE to various antibiotics was found to be as follow: cephalaxin (64%), cephalothin (29%), cephradine (64%), ciprofloxacin (50%), gentamicin (21%), imipenum (7%), levofloxacin (21%), tetracycline (21%) and rifampicin (29%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value for MRSA and MRSE in case of vancomycin ranged 1-4 g/ml, for tetracycline 4-128 g/ml, for rifampicin 0.5-32 g/ml and for gentamicin 0.5 – 64 g/ml. Both MRSA and MRSE showed variable susceptibility with different antibiotic groups but high susceptibility with streptogramin and glycopeptide antibiotics.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, minimum inhibitory concentration.

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A review of bacterial isolates in blood cultures of children with suspected septicemia in a Nigerian tertiary Hospital

S. I. Nwadioha*, E. O. P. Nwokedi, E. Kashibu, M. S. Odimayo and E. E. Okwori

Abstract: Septicaemia is a common condition in children with a resultant high morbidity and mortality. The gold standard for diagnosis of septicemia is the isolation of bacteria agents from blood cultures. To determine the common etiology of septicemia in children and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, a retrospective study with a review of blood culture reports of paediatric patients aged 0 - 15 years, suspected of septicemia, from October 2006 to October 2008 in the Medical Microbiology department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria was carried out. Out of a total of 3840 blood culture samples, only 18.2% was culture positive. Gram–negative and gram–positive bacteria constituted 69.3 and 30.7%, respectively. The most prevalent bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli (44.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (30.7%). E. coli were sensitive to Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and Clavulinate – Amoxyl. The commonest bacterial isolate from blood culture of children with suspected septicemia in Kano was E. coli. The most sensitive and preferable among the tested antibiotics was Ceftriaxone. Rational use of antibiotics with regular antibiotic susceptibility surveillance studies is recommended to maintain high antibiotic therapeutic profile.[...] Read More.

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Microbiological quality of yoghurt commercialized in ViÃ§osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

L. A. Rodrigues, M. B. T. Ortolani and L. A. Nero*

Abstract: Yoghurt consumption has been increasing since 1980 decade due to the search for healthy foods by consumers, including Brazil. In order to evaluate the quality of the yoghurt commercialized in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36 samples were collected from markets and analyzed for coliforms (total and thermotolerant) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) enumeration and pH, considering different times for expiration. Coliforms were not detected at levels higher than 0.3 MPN/g, and only 7 (19.4%) samples showed LAB counts lower than 107 CFU/g. However, the mean pH observed in these samples (4.4) was not significantly different when compared to samples with higher LAB counts, suggesting addition of weak starter cultures during the processing. In the samples with less than 15 days for expiration the LAB counts and pH values were 7.4 log CFU/g and 4.1, respectively, and they were lower when compared to samples with more than 16 days of commercial viability, but without significant differences. The obtained results indicate adequate quality of yoghurt commercialized in Viçosa.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Yoghurt, quality, coliforms, lactic acid bacteria, pH.

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Fungi associated with deterioration of sour-sop (Anona muricata. Linn) fruits in Abia State, Nigeria

Okwulehie, Ikechukwuka Cyriacus* and Alfred, Nnamdi Kingsley

Abstract: Anona muricata commonly known as sour-sop, belong to the family Annonaceae. It is a small slender tropical tree usually grown for its large fleshy and juicy fruits. The fruit of A. muricata plays an important role in the diet of many in many parts of the tropics including Nigerian. Unfortunately, the usefulness of the fruits of Anona is decimated by many fungi species. Investigation of the fungi that cause the deterioration of sour-sop (Anona muricata) was carried out in order to recommend the appropriate control measures. Mature fruits of A. muricata were collected from different locations in Abia State. Isolation, characterization and identification of fungi were made by plating washings from skin surface and extracted juice from pulp of the fruits in test tubes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) and yeast malt extract agar (Difco) into which streptomycin sulphate was incorporated to inhibit bacterial growth. Inoculated tubes were incubated at 28 ± 2°C for 48 h. Control experiment was carried out with sterile peptone water instead of using the washings. The following filamentous and yeast fungi were isolated from the skin surface and pulp of the fruits: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium solani, Mucor sp., Penicillium chrysogenium, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus stolonifer and Rigidoporus sp., Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces rouxii and Torulopsis spp. The pathogenicity tests of the filamentous fungi isolated were carried out on mature green Anona fruits and were found to be pathogenic. The filamentous fungi were mainly responsible for the deterioration of the fruits of A. muricata in Abia state while the yeasts were fermentative.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Abia state, Anona muricata (Sour-sop) fruits, fungi, deterioration.

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Isolation and characterization of cypermethrin utilizing bacteria from Brinjal cultivated soil

A. G. Murugesan*, T. Jeyasanthi and S. Maheswari

Abstract: The ability of five bacterial isolates (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella Sp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus Sp. and Corynebacterium) isolated from Brinjal cultivated field to degrade cypermethrin was studied. It was confirmed that these isolated organisms were able to utilize and degrade cypermethrin. In this five different bacterial colonies, P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella Sp., E. coli were found active in utilizing cypermethrin (1%) where as Bacillus Sp. and Corynebacterium were moderately active in utilizing cypermethrin (0.1%). The growth curve experiment was performed at 0.1 and 1% dose of cypermethrin to analyze the viable count of P. aeruginosa.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Cypermethrin, bacteria, utilization, growth kinetics, degradation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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