MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

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Study of inter-specific relationship in six species of Sesbania Scop. (Leguminosae) through RAPD and ISSR markers

Manoj Kumar Bisoyi, Laxmikanta Acharya, Arup Kumar Mukherjee, * and Pratap Chandra Panda

Abstract: Six species of Sesbania were fingerprinted using RAPD and ISSR markers. Both markers yielded a total of 249 bands out of which 243 were polymorphic in nature indicating high degrees of genetic diversity in the genus. Cluster analysis using the combined data revealed segregation of the lone species Sesbania grandiflora from the rest of the species. High boot strap values in the dendrograms show the accuracy and authenticity of the result. All other five species got separated to a distinct cluster. This supports the taxonomic division of the genus Sesbania into Agati Desv. comprising the only species S. grandiflora (Linn.) Poir. and sub-genus Eusesbania Baker containing all other species.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Sesbania, RAPD, ISSR and phenogram.

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Protein and polyphenol profile changes in soybean roots under aluminum stress

Dechassa Duressa*, Khairy Soliman and Ernst Cebert

Abstract: It is well documented that aluminum (Al) toxicity is the most important constraint of crop production on acid soils. Chelation of Al in the rhizosphere with root secreted organic acid anions is a common mechanism of Al tolerance in most plants including soybean. Phenolic substances are recently implicated as additional physiological mechanism of plant Al tolerance. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of phenolics in soybean Al tolerance and to examine protein expression changes in soybean roots under Al stress. An Al-tolerant soybean genotype PI 416937 and Al-sensitive Young were used in the study. Protein and polyphenol profile changes in response to Al stress, were examined in roots tips of hydroponically grown plants 72 h post treatment. Al significantly increased total phenol exudation from roots of the Al tolerant genotype PI 416937, whereas, flavonoid content did not vary with treatment. Al also altered the expression level of several proteins in genotypic and non genotypic specific manner. This is the first study to show that polyphenol is involved in soybean Al tolerance. Future research should consider quantification of individual flavonoid compounds in root tissue as well as culture solution, and sequencing and functional annotation of Al regulated proteins.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Soybean, aluminum tolerance, protein expression, phenolics.

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Molecular phylogeny of Prorocentrum (Dinoflagellata) from the Pacific Coast of Mexico based on the parsimony analysis of fragments of LSUrDNA and SSUrDNA

Eréndira J. Cohen-Fernández*, Francisco F. Pedroche, Mónica Rodríguez Palacios, Sergio Álvarez Hernández and Esther Meave del Castillo

Abstract: A phylogenetic analysis of the Prorocentrum species is presented, that includes the sequences of the large and small ribosomal RNA subunits from 19 cultures from 13 of the 20 species reported in the Pacific coast of Mexico; the results showed that P. micans, P. gracile and P. mexicanum were the closest of species, that planktonic may be more recent than epibenthonic species and it is suggested that the probable ancestor of the Prorocentrum genus could be a round cell without apical spine, toxic and epibenthonic.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Prorocentrum, parsimony analysis, dinoflagellates, LSUrDNA, SSUrDNA.

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Effect of aqueous root extract of Treculia africana on haemoglobin glycosylation and plasma lipid per oxidation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rabbits

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: Measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin has been proposed to be a very sensitive index for glycemic control as various proteins, including hemoglobin, albumin, collagen, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), or crystalline proteins has been reported to undergo non-enzymatic glycation in diabetes. In the present study an attempt was made to elucidate the effect of aqueous root extract of Treculia africana on levels of haemoglobin glycosylation and plasma lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin (STZ),-induced diabetic rabbits. Twenty (20) STZ-induced diabetic male rats divided into two groups (n = 10) designated: Control and Test were treated respectively with 20 ml/kg distilled water and 200 mg/kg aqueous root extract of Treculia africana for five weeks. Plasma total haemoglobin, glycosylated haemoglobin and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), concentration were determined at pre- and post-treatment. Administration of Treculia africana root extract at 200 mg/kg to STZ-diabetic rabbits was observed to significantly decreased concentration of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and increased blood total haemoglobin. The elevated plasma levels of lipid peroxidation of diabetic rabbits were reverted back to near control levels following administration of T. africana extract. The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that aqueous root extract of T. africana diminishes the rate of haemoglobin glycosylation in diabetic animals and shows some levels of antioxidant principle.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Haemoglobin, glycosylation, diabetes, extract, glycemic control.

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Food analytical evaluation of fruits and vegetables-based diets in relation to human carbohydrates

Ali Aberoumand*and S. S. Deokule

Abstract: Carbohydrates are the major nutrients of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition. Sucrose is one of the important parameters for the assessment of the commercial quality of the fruit, since consumers prefer the sweetest fruits. Results showed that fructose, glucose, sucrose contents were high in Cordia myxa (9.38, 12.75 and 29.09%) respectively and the starch content was high in Alocacia indica (60.41%). Alocacia has high calorie and nutritional value because it contains high carbohydrates contents (72.66%) and Cordia was the sweetest fruits because it contains the maximum amounts of sucrose, glucose and fructose. The TDF content was low in Portulaca oleracia (dried) (8 g %) and was high in Cordia myxa (27.7 g %). It is observed that vegetables of Portulaca, Asparagus, Momordica and Eulophia can be recommended in plant -based diets in Iran and India.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Fiber, carbohydrates, nutritional values, edible plants.

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The influence of mitochondrial inhibitors on the life cycle of Phytophthora

Chantel W. Swart, Pieter W. J. van Wyk , Carolina H. Pohl, Wilma M. Kriel and Johan L. F. Kock*

Abstract: The anti-mitochondrial antifungal hypothesis implies a link between mitochondrial activity, fungal fruiting structures and susceptibility towards mitochondrial inhibitors. Here it is shown that the oomycete, Phytophthora nicotianae fits the hypothesis. Fruiting structures (zoosporangia) of this oomycete showed increased beta ( )-oxidation when probing levels of 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH oxylipins) with specific polyclonal antibodies. In addition, increased mitochondrial activity was also observed in the zoosporangia when the mitochondrial transmembrane potential ( m) probe, Rhodamine 123 was added to the culture. This indicates increased mitochondrial activity in the zoosporangia when compared to the hyphae. When the anti-mitochondrial drug acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was added to cultures of this oomycete, the zoosporangia were, as expected, most susceptible and were drastically inhibited in the presence of 1 mM of this compound. Similar ASA inhibition results were recorded for P. citrophthora. It is concluded that anti-mitochondrial compounds may find application in combating these devastating plant pathogens and that urgent further research is needed in this direction.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Acetylsalicylic acid, antifungal, anti-mitochondrial, asci, Phytophthora, plant pathogen.

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Distribution of sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim constin in Vibrio cholerae isolated from patients and environment in Iran

Maryam Adabi, Mosadegh Jabbari and Abdolaziz Rastegar Lari*

Abstract: The occurrence of drug-resistant Vibrio cholerae is being reported with increasing frequency worldwide. Spread of resistant strains has been attributed, in part, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim-constin (SXT-C). Sixty V. cholerae isolates obtained from cholera patients from different provinces in Iran during 2004 to 2006 and thirty-seven V. cholerae strains from surface water sources at 5 different locations in Tehran, Iran during 2006 were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and polymerase chain reaction amplification of SXT-C. In clinical isolates the highest and the least levels of antibiotic resistance were seen to SXT, streptomycin and chloramphenicol (95, 95 and 92%, respectively) and doxycycline, gentamicin and oxytetracycline (0, 3 and 3%, respectively). PCR for SXT element of clinical and environmental isolates was positive for 95 and 19% of isolates, respectively. The results of this study showed that among the clinical and environmental V. cholerae resistance to SXT, streptomycin and chloramphenicol could be, in part, due to wide distribution of SXT-C isolates.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Anti-microbial resistant, Vibrio cholerae, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim-constin (SXT-C).

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Comparison of CAV antibody titers in a vaccinated and naturally infected broiler breeder flocks

Payam Haghighi Khoshkhoo*, Gita Akbariazad and Mehrdad Tashakori

Abstract: The objective of the present work was to perform the efficacy of one attenuated live vaccine Nobilis CAV P4 (Intervet Co., Netherland) in broiler breeder and their progenies compared to naturally infected flock. The vaccine was administrated to Ross 308 broiler breeder at 6 week old through S.C. rout. A total of 352 serum samples were collected from vaccinated and unvaccinated breeder flocks (that infected naturally) from 6 to 33 weeks old and 2 times in their progenies at one-day old. Sera were analyzed using indirect Elisa kit (Synbiotic Corporation, USA) and data obtained were compared between 2 groups statistically. Due to natural infection of chicken infectious anemia (CIA) in unvaccinated breeder, mean titer in breeder and their progenies was significantly higher than vaccinated breeder and their progenies (P0.05) but CV% in progeny of unvaccinated breeder flock was twice more than progeny of vaccinated flock. There were 5 and 12% of zero titers of antibody in hens and progenies in unvaccinated breeder flock respectively. All breeders from vaccinated flock were positive serologically. It seems that vaccination could be an efficient rout for eliminating susceptible birds, decreasing variation in antibody titers and induction persistent and homogenous antibody titer in progeny.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Chicken infectious anemia (CIA), live vaccine, broiler breeder, efficacy.

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A surveillance study of antimicrobial susceptibility in 11 hospitals in Kurdistan Province

Ahsan B., Beiranvand S., Abdulmaleki N., Mohamadi H. and Kalantar E.*

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious public health concern all over the world. The objective of this study was to determine susceptibility patterns of microorganisms to antibiotics in 11 hospital laboratories in Kurdistan province. During one month period (February, 2010), all the clinical specimens which were received from the laboratories were processed for isolation and identification of bacteria to the species level by standard methods. Testing procedures were validated following the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique using Muller Hinton agar. Susceptibility testing was performed on Mueller– Hinton agar. A total of 4395 clinical specimens were obtained from 4301 patients among them, 1062 (24.7%) were male and 3239 (75.3%) were female, giving on overall male to female ratio of 0.32. Their mean age was 31.3 years (range: 4 to 74 years). Based on data 310 pathogens were isolated and Escherichia coli 183 (59.3%), followed Klebsiella pneumoniae 40 (01.29%) and Staphylococcus aureus 39 (1.25%) were the predominant isolated bacteria. The most resistant antibiotics tested against isolated bacteria were penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Lastly, these resistance rates leave imipenem and ciprofoxcacin as the reliable agent for the empirical treatment in this province. The present study has shown that the urinary tract infection (UTI) patients have a higher rate of infection. The risk of antibiotic resistance in isolated bacteria, particularly E. coli, emphasizes the importance of hospital control measures and rational prescribing policies. Lastly, these resistance rates leave ciprofloxcacin and imipenem as the reliable agent for the empirical treatment in this province.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, Escherichia coli, ciprofloxacin and imipenem.

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Antimelanogenic and antioxidant activities of Bifidobacterium infantis

Huey-Chun Huang, Shao-Hua Chiu, Hui-Ju Ke, Shu-wen Chiu, Sze-Yun Wu and Tsong-Min Chang*

Abstract: The study was aimed at investigating the antimelanogenic and antioxidative effects of Bifidobacterium infantis culture filtrate. The efficacy of the bacterial culture filtrate was evaluated spectrophotometrically. The results revealed that B. infantis culture filtrate effectively scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ABTS radicals, and show potent reducing power in a dose-dependent pattern. Additionally, the bacterial culture filtrate suppresses murine B16F10 tyrosinase activity and the amount of melanin in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that the B. infantis culture filtrate may be applied in the formulations of skin care cosmetics.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Bifidobacterium infantis, tyrosinase, melanin, antioxidant.

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