MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

文章

Compulsory education access for rural migrant children in urban China

*Yao Wenjun, Shang Teng Guangxian and Chen Tony Yuanqing

Abstract: In this study, we examined the educational challenges faced by the children of rural migrants who have increasingly come to Chinese cities in large numbers seeking employment. Based on large-scale surveys of students in public, licensed private, and unlicensed private schools in nine cities (small, medium, and large), we found that access to public schools was easier for children in small and medium cities than for those in large cities, but in all cities, the children faced discrimination on several levels (e.g., extra fees, difficulty traveling to and from school). To mitigate the problems faced by these children and acknowledge the importance of their parents in sustaining China's rapid economic growth, we propose several solutions that should be implemented by Chinese educational decision-makers. In particular, more resources (funding, teachers, and support staff) should be allocated to meet the needs of these children and their parents. Keyword: Compulsory education, rural migrants' children, urban China.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Compulsory education, rural migrants' children, urban China.

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A study of the benefits and roles of sports in secondary education from the perspectives of teachers and students

Kibaki Borden David

Abstract: Sports are important in educational institutions as it supports academic objectives. However, it has been viewed in two different perspectives in schools as far as their contribution to academic performance is concerned. Some consider sports to have positive effect on student-athletes’ academic performance while others views it as a hindrance to academic success and a waste of students’ precious time. The purpose of this study was to document the benefits of sports in secondary schools and the role of sports in secondary education from the perspectives of teachers and students. Stratified random sampling method was used to select 24 secondary schools, 500 students and 32 games-teachers for the study. The study revealed that participation in sports is generally beneficial to students in secondary schools like making them physically fit and healthy. The study further revealed that sport supports educational objectives in the schools by improving the level of discipline, helping in character development, improving students’ rationality and objectivity in thought and is also responsible for high retention rate in schools, all of which boost academic performance. It is recommended that the government embark on a range of developmentally appropriate community sports and recreation programs to ensure that students participate in sports both at school and at home. Secondly, all students should be encouraged to take pride in achievement and reach full potential, both as students and as athletes. Finally, Schools should diversify sports activities to ensure that all students’ needs in sports are catered for.[...] Read More.

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Developing countries and education, work and productivity

*Ronnie B. Jani, Joel Hood Joffe and Gavin Phillip

Abstract: By education, it is meant a Euro-American system of knowledge creation and dissemination which developed first in Europe and America but spread to developing countries through colonization. Although the developing world had its systems of education before the arrival of the colonizers, the advertised attractions of modern education were that, the new education had the potentials of providing modern employment and producing goods and services that guarantee a good life. These assertions have not held true, especially in developing countries; which, suggests that the assumed links among education, work and productivity are not that automatic but depend on working out carefully isolated political and socio-economic factors and on continuous strategizing schemes. The provision of answers to the following questions would constitute the beginning of the establishment of a firm relation among education, work and productivity in developing countries: What are those areas of the national life that offer opportunities for productive work? What are the needs of developed countries in industrial raw materials, in leisure, in arts and aesthetics and in learning that developing countries can respond to and satisfy? And What are the needs of other developing countries in industrial raw materials, leisure, arts and aesthetics and learning that another developing country can satisfy? Keywords: Education, work, productivity, developing countries.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Education, work, productivity, developing countries.

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Rural development and poverty reduction in Rwanda: The place of Cooperative Association

*Otengo Nebanda, Syda Bahati and Rebecca Anite

Abstract: This study examined cooperative association as a tool for rural development and property reduction in Rwanda. Case study of cooperative Abahuzamugambi ba Kawa based in Maraba sector, Huye District in southern province . The sample population comprises the members, management, and Board of the Abahuzamuyambi ba kawa. The research questionnaire was used to gather data from members, management and the populace. The research questions focused on the principles of cooperative identity, participation and decision making, internal and external communications, organisational and leadership development, the relationship between the cooperative’s leadership, the initiatives of people to lift themselves out of poverty, the knowledge would support poor people own development. The findings of the study is on the rural cooperatives association and the need for education programming in the areas of cooperative member ownership and ways in which to increase participation in decision making.The cooperative associations have proven to be the best means to realise developmental goals, and poverty reduction working in a humble way at grassroot levels. Cooperatives association can participate directly in agriculture and industry thus creating employment and increasing productivity, which are the major causes of poverty.It is also deduced that, cooperatives associations help farmers to market firms products. The cooperative Abahuzamugambi ba Kawa was set up in Maraba sector to collect coffee from farmers and fructify it on behalf of members. This has contributed to the economic well-being of members as well as people within that area.This research only tried to articulate the cooperative association as a tool for rural development and poverty reduction in Rwanda. When all strategies have been tried, and we expecting fully result; cooperatives association as a tool to reduce poverty and improve rural development have to employ. So far, we have been getting good result from it. Keywords: Cooperative, Association, Rural Development, Poverty Reduction, Strategies.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Cooperative, Association, Rural Development, Poverty Reduction, Strategies.

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Relationship between students position in classroom and school performance

*Miguel M. Malif, Guido Sabastiao U. Cardoso and Drauzio Silva Meirelles

Abstract: We analyzed whether the position of students in classroom is correlated with academic performance, and which factors might be involved. The sample consisted of 16 classrooms in a school year bimester, each one with around 30 students. Each student's position was registered in classroom maps and the reasons for the students' seat choice were gathered by a questionnaire. School performance and classroom absences of each student were collected directly from the teachers' register notebook. We found that better performances of students at school correlate with lower percentages of absence and choices of seating positions closer to the board. Moreover, the main reason to sit in a front position was motivation for learning. We suggest that school performance is associated to students’ position in the classroom because both are affected by the student motivation for learning. As a consequence, changing students' position in the classroom without increasing their motivation is not likely to improve school performance.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Classroom, seating position, academic performance, motivation.

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Prevalence of women matriculation in Argentinean Medical schools: Identification of possible reasons underlying an apparently broader phenomenon

*Torcuato L. Francis, Florencio Zoran Bucay and Bernardo Milstein

Abstract: This paper examines reasons of potential relevance concerning the increase of female matriculation through a poll, applied to 130 female and 75 male students, among 500 admitted ones at two Argentinean medical schools (2003-2005), both of them relevant in what concerns to their dimensions and standards. This poll was qualitatively combined with an interview performed to 52 gender equated students among the 205 participants.Majority of females (82%) and males (80%) firstly thought of Medicine at the age of 15±1 years and 16±1 years old and made their final decision for it when aged 16±1 years (85% females) and 17±1 years (84% males). For making this decision, females reported that their higher influence from final decision was from persons close to them and mass media (39% versus 52%, p[...] Read More.

Keywords: Matriculation, feminine, medical schools, Argentina

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Lifelong education as a way of launching a culture of peace in Nigeria in the Twenty-first century

Lehlohonolo Mixwell Merwe

Abstract: The factors that went into the making of Nigeria are not the types that could naturally promote peace. Despite this initial daunting obstacle in the way of peace, successive governments have tried various strategies aimed at fostering peace in Nigeria. For example, many political restructurings of the country have been undertaken since 1960; many political settlements have equally been reached between governments and warring parties on the one hand and among feuding communities themselves on the other hand; yet, peace continues to elude the country. This unfortunate situation persists mainly because lifelong education is yet to be employed as a strategy for establishing a culture of peace in the country. Lifelong education which is education which begins at birth and continues throughout life is unfortunately not yet being promoted by Nigeria. It is here recommended, that lifelong education should henceforth be treated as national educational need through the establishment of viable lifelong education infrastructures, through the promotion of culture fairs across the country and through the promotion of tours that seek to bring greater knowledge of Nigeria to the largest number of Nigerians. Keywords: Culture of peace; lifelong education; nationhood; lifelong education strategies.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Culture of peace; lifelong education; nationhood; lifelong education strategies.

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Scientific processes for the progress and validation of academic-success barrier battery

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: The paper discussed the scientific processes for the development and validation of the Academic-Success Barrier Battery (ASB2) for measuring and remediating students’ self created obstacles to their academic-success. The sample for the study was 1,200 randomly selected secondary school-going adolescents in Nigeria, comprising males and females. Their ages ranged between 12 and 21years, with a mean of 16.5years. The internal consistency for the 14 subscales ranged between .6600 and .8770, while the Cronbach alpha (α) was between .7709 and .9317 for the subscales; and the coefficient of the full scale was .7975. The significant inter-factor correlation coefficient obtained attested to the construct validity of the scales. The relevance of the inventory to psychologists, school counselors, all kinds of researchers and other stakeholders were discussed.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Academic-Success, battery, reliability, validity, internal consistency.

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Confucius' style of teaching and education

*Liam J. Claflin, woody Cyrus Tatum and Sam K. Evans

Abstract: A Chinese proverb has it that, “learning colors a man more than the deepest dye”, and indeed learning and education is critical. Here, in this paper, the practitioner-academician author examines the various teaching methods and ways of Confucius or Master Kung. Interestingly here, various vital don’ts of teaching, and in fact, several gems of teaching methods, done the Masterly way, are highlighted. The teaching methods, just to mention a few, discussed are to be the role model, to deliver and teach according to the students’ needs, learn from others, generate stimulation and exude influence as well as to love all and serve all. Keywords: Confucius, learning, teaching; example; common mistakes in learning and teaching.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Confucius, learning, teaching; example; common mistakes in learning and teaching.

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Customer-driven entities: Identifying the needs in higher education

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Abstract: Many institutions of higher education are hesitant to consider themselves as customer-driven entities. It is common to view the student as the customer but this notion is not universally accepted. This paper reviews the debate in the education and marketing literature about students as customers and reveals the difficulty in using the word customer to describe the student/university relationship. The author argues that the debate must move away from identifying the customer and focus on the university as a service provider. An emerging perspective on market orientation suggest that strategic insights may be gained when firms take into account their customers’ view on the organization’s level of market orientation. Even the suggestion of the term customer can arouse many emotions, preconceptions, and misconceptions. The idea that students are partners in developing and delivering quality education threatens the historic, traditional academic role of faculty as purveyor of knowledge. Nevertheless, one fact has been proven over and over again. Customer-driven organizations are effective because they are fully committed to satisfying and anticipating customer needs. The future success of colleges and universities will increasingly be determined by how they identify and satisfy their various customers. This paper accentuates the subject by initially reviewing a number of theoretical viewpoints as to why a customer perspective should be sought when assessing organizational phenomena such as market orientation. The findings showed that all the proposed relationship were significant. The result further demonstrated that service quality acts as a partial mediator where customer satisfaction was not derived completely by service quality. This paper eventually concludes by elaborating the various conclusions derived from the study. Keywords: Customer-driven, higher education, students, quality, faculty, academic, organisation, Universities[...] Read More.

Keywords: Customer-driven, higher education, students, quality, faculty, academic, organisation, Universities

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