MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

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A taurine phenolic compound (TPC) protect from AAP hepatotoxicity through involvement of Nrf2/ARE pathway

Qiu Feng* and He Xiao-Jing

Abstract: Oxidative stress is a main contributor to the hepatotoxic effects of acetaminophen, the Nrf2/ARE pathway has been characterized as an important endogenous mechanism for combating oxidative stress. Taurine plays various important roles in a large number of physiological and pathological conditions in human body, such as the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects. It proves that phenol compound has antioxidant effect through involvement of Nrf2/ARE pathway. The taurine phenolic compound (TPC) we synthesized belongs to phenolic compounds and we have reported that a TPC protect from AAP hepatotoxicity. We thus hypothesize the protective effects of TPC in an acute chemical model of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through involvement of Nrf2/ARE pathway.[...] Read More.

Keywords: TPC, AAp, hepatotoxicity, Nrf2/ARE and hypothesis.

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Antibacterial screening of the root, stem and leaf extracts of Terminalia albida sc. elliot on selected pathogenic bacteria

S. M. Ayodele*, G. Alpheus and O. M. Iruaga

Abstract: The ethanol extracts of the root, stem and leaves of Terminalia albida were evaluated for their antibacterial activities using agar diffusion method to justify the ethno botanical uses of the plant parts by the traditional healers in Nigeria. The ethanol extracts of the root, stem and leaves were effective against the test bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis) at all the concentrations used (100 l- 500 mg/ml) . The root extract at 500 mg/ml is most effective against E. coli and K. pneumoniae, the stem extract at 500 mg/ml was most effective against P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis while the leaves extract at 500 mg/ml was most effective against P. mirabilis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) test of the root, stem and leaves extracts showed that the test organisms were inhibited at all concentrations. The root extract showed more inhibitory effect than the stem and leaf extracts. The results of this study validated the use of various parts of this plant in traditional medicine in many parts of Africa.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Terminalia albida, antibacterial screening, root, stem, leaves.

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Radioresistance analysis of Deinococcus radiodurans gene DR1709 in Escherichia coli

Shu Haiyan and Tian Baoming*

Abstract: Deinococcus radiodurans’ extraordinarily strong radiation resistance was attributed to its high Mn2+ content. DR1709 was one predicted Mn2+ transporter, but after it was disrupted, there were at least ten proteins whose expressions changed markedly, suggesting that the proteins which were expressed differently between the wild type and the mutant may play key roles in this bacterium’s radiation resistance, while DR1709 was only a switch to activate these proteins. To identify if this deduction was true or not, DR1709 was isolated from D. radiodurans and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21, whose genomic background is hugely different from that of D. radiodurans. Results showed that the transformed E. coli had higher resistance to and UV radiation than the original strain. After being treated with 150 Gy radiation, E. coli containing DR1709 had 70% survival fraction, while only 17% of the control cells can be found on LB plate. DR1709 had the ability to protect cells directly from being damaged by and UV radiations. E. coli containing DR1709 had higher Mn content than the initial strain. Although the transformed strain had higher survival than the original E. coli, its survival rate decreased with UV dose increasing. After being transformed with DR1709, E. coli BL21’s Fe content had not changed. DR1709 may be specific for Mn2+ and was not responsible for transporting Fe2+. Radiation resistance was controlled by multistep in D. radiodurans. Those genes whose expressions were different between the wild type and the DR1709-disrupted mutant were downstream of DR1709. These genes might also play some roles in radiation resistance, but such roles were much less than that played directly by DR1709.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Deinococcus radiodurans, DR1709, E. coli, Mn, radiation resistance.

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Production of bio-ethanol from Pectobacterium carotovorum induced soft rotten potatoes

Adarsha Ramesh, D. L. Asha and R. Balaji Raja*

Abstract: The potato is a tuberous crop that adapt readily to diverse climates. The potato contains vitamins and minerals that have been identified as vital to human nutrition as well as an assortment of phytochemicals, such as carotenoids and polyphenols. Pectobacterium carotovorum is the causative agent for the soft rot induced in potatoes across temperate and tropical regions. Production of ethanol from 10 potato cultivars which were rotten by soft rot (P. carotovorum induced) was effected. Ethanol yield of about 6 - 10 ml / 100 gm of potatoes was achieved. The effect of pH in the yield of ethanol was also determined in the ten cultivars by varying the levels of pH across the spectrum and it was found that pH had a considerable impact on bio-ethanol production. This method of ethanol production is easy and environmental friendly in nature.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Pectobacterium carotovorum, phytochemicals, carotenoids, polyphenols, potatoes.

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Antibacterial activity of cyanolichen and symbiotic cyanobacteria against some selected microorganisms

R. Shyam Kumar*, N. Thajuddin and C. Venkateswari

Abstract: Lichen (Collema auriforme) collected from Kolli Hills of Tamil Nadu, India and two symbiotic cyanobacteria (Aphanocapsa sp. NTK28, and Nostoc sp. NTK29) were taken for screening antibacterial activity. Alcohol and acetone were used as solvents for extraction of compounds from lichen and symbiotic cyanobacteria. Four clinical isolates of Pseudomonas sp., Escherischia coli, Klebsiella sp., and the Gram positive organism Staphylococcus sp. were used as test organisms. Solvent extracts of lichen showed antibacterial activity against three test organisms. Alcohol extract of lichen showed no inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas sp. Other organisms like E. coli, Klebsiella sp. and Staphylococcus sp. were highly susceptible to alcoholic extract even at low concentration. Solvent extracts (alcohol and acetone) of cyanobacteria did not show any significant effect on the selected bacterial strains.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Lichens, cyanolichens, cyanobacteria, antibiotic, antibacterial activity.

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Genetic polymorphism at the leptin gene in Iranian Holstein cattle by PCR-RFLP

Ali Sharifzadeh* and Abbas Doosti

Abstract: Leptin is a protein, which involved intricately in the growth and metabolism of animals and which plays an important role in the regulation of feed intake, energy metabolism, growth and reproduction of cattle. We used the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique to screen for DNA polymorphisms of the leptin gene in 112 Iranian Holstein cattle (Bos taurus) in Karaj Animal Breeding Center. PCR was carried out between exon 2 (intron 2). A strategy employing polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify a 422 bp from semen DNA. Digestion of polymerase chain reaction products with Sau3AI revealed two alleles: allele A was 390, 32 fragments and allele B was 303, 88 and 32 (only 303 fragment visible on the gel). Three patterns were observed and frequencies were 60.71, 37.5 and 1.79% for AA, AB and BB, respectively. This polymorphism could be further evaluated for marker-assisted selection and developed PCR methodology would expedite screening for large numbers of animals required for such studies.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Leptin, polymorphism, restriction fragment length polymorphism.

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Distribution of pathogen in the Bohai sea in spring and summer

Peng Zaiqing*, Zhuang Zhixia, Huang Rongfu and Lu Zhiqiang

Abstract: The aquicultural pathogen Vibrio spp. is popular and harmful to mariculture animals and even resulted in human enterogastrtis. However, little is known about the abundance and distribution of marine pathogen in Bohai Sea. In the present study, the distributions of the typical pathogens, including Escherichia Coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio harviyi, were investigated using protein micro array method from the Bohai Sea samples, which collected in spring and summer in 2005, respectively. The results showed that: (1) Temporally, the tested typical pathogens were more abundant in summer than in spring, as supported by the total pathogenic Vibrios averaged 3.05 × 104/L in spring while 2.48 × 105/L in summer; (2) Spatially, in summer, pathogenic Vibrios in Bohai Bay was 4.87, 10.52 and 7.15 times higher than that in Liaodong Bay, Laizhou Bay and Central Bohai Sea, respectively (p = 0.034, 0.013 and 0.012, respectively). (3) Total pathogenic Vibrios in coastal area was 4.68 times higher than that in central area (p = 0.0279 < 0.05), showing a decline trend in abundance. (4) All the pathogenic Vibrios varied between spring and summer, with greatest variance in V. fluvialis. Both V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi had no significant variances. Bohai Bay was heavily polluted and relatively not fit for mariculture. V. fluvialis dominated in Bohai Sea and was a possible major pathogen of vibriosis.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Bohai sea, protein micro array, pathogenic Vibrio.

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Poliomyelitis eradication remains a challenge in Africa

Georges Anicet Dahourou,* and Souleymane Sawadogo,

Abstract: During the last two decade, twelve wild type 1 poliovirus genotypes have been characterized in Africa. Several distinct clusters have been identified within some of them and appeared to be segregated geographically. This distribution could represent newly emerging genotypes and independent sustained circulation of these lineages or cross border transmission between countries of a single genotype followed by a different natural evolution in each country. Concurrent circulation of more than one poliovirus genotype was seen in Nigeria, Togo, Central Africa Republic and South Africa. The present study which has generated a meaningful overview of the endemic circulation of wild type 1 poliovirus in Africa, could be a basis for further evaluation of the impact of mass vaccination campaigns on wild type 1 poliovirus.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Poliovirus; poliomyelitis, poliovirus, molecular epidemiology.

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Impact of multi drugs resistant bacteria on the pathogenesis of chronic suppurative otitis media

Ihsan E. Alsaimary*, Ahmed M. Alabbasi and Jassim M. Najim

Abstract: One hundred twenty patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in Basrah, 65 (54.2%) males and 55 (45.8%) females, with male: females ratio (1.2:1) and 60 individual without otological problems as control group were included in this study, which done during the period between March 2009 and January 2010. This includes the collection of aural swab samples, culturing of samples, identification of causative agent’s species and antibiotic sensitivity. Gram’s negative bacteria were the commonest microorganism comprises (60%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was common causative agent (19.04%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%) and Klebsiella spp. (14.3%). Mixed infection was found in high percent (74%), in which P. aeruginosa and other microorganisms were more common. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed that P. aeruginosa was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin +clavulanic acid and gentamicin, while other is appeared resistant, S. aureus was sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, erthomycin, cephalexine and it is resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, klebsiella species were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin +clavulanic acid, gentamicin, while resistant to tetracycline.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., chronic suppurative otitis media, aural swab, antibiotic sensitivity, gram’s negative bacteria, otological.

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Comparative degradation of sawdust by microorganisms isolated from it

J. A. Lennox*, C. Abriba, Bello N. Alabi and F. C. Akubuenyi

Abstract: Microorganisms isolated from sawdust have been demonstrated to be effective in its degradation. Eight bacteria and eight fungi were isolated from wet decaying sawdust. These were tested for their capability to degrade sawdust. Among the bacteria, C ellulomonas sp. was found to be the most effective degrading agent based on its high percentage degradation (18.3%). This was followed by Micrococcus sp. (16.0%) and Pseudomonas sp. (14.6%), Cytophaga sp. and Bacillus sp. had the lowest percentage degradation of 0.2 and 7.7%, respectively. The fungi, Penicillium sp. had the highest percentage degradation of 14.3%, followed by Mucor sp. (13.3%) and Trichoderma sp. (9.5%). Asp. ergillus sp. and Absidia sp. had the lowest percentage degradation of 4.3 and 6.5%, respectively. This report shows that indigenous microorganisms possess the capacity to degrade sawdust.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Degradation, sawdust, utilizing, autochthonous microorganisms.

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