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Babajide, J. M * and Atanda, O.O
Abstract: A survey was conducted to determine the quantity of local preservatives (‘Abafe’ Piliostigma thonnigii and ‘Agehu’ Khaya ivorensis leaves) used for parboiling yam and the anti-microbial effect of the leaves on dry- yam ‘Gbodo’. Although, the study revealed that 23 g of abafe, 13 g of agehu and a combination of 12.8 g of abafe and 12.3 g of agehu will be required for 1 kg of yam, there were wide ranges between the quantities of yam as well as the quantities of local preservatives used by the processors. Futhermore, there were reduction in the microbial loads of samples parboiled with the leaves (singly or combined) respectively, immediately after processing and after 3 months of storage compared with the control. Thus, P. thonnigii leaves had bactericidal while K. ivorensis leaves had fungicidal effect on the microorganisms encountered during processing and storage of Gbodo.[...] Read More.
Keywords:  Quantitative survey, anti-microbial, Piliostigma thonningii, Khaya ivorensis, dry-yam.
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Chatti Abdelwaheb*, Lamouri Imen and Landoulsi Ahmed
Abstract: The vehicles usually involved in salmonellosis outbreaks are meat, eggs, poultry and milk. Recently, Salmonella outbreaks were reported in some vegetables such as tomatoes and unpasteurized juice. After inoculation of Salmonella zanzibar onto food samples, growth and survival of S. zanzibar in orange juice and salami were monitored. Our results showed that S. zanzibar is able to grow and survive in orange juice and also in salami. However, growth in salami was more important than in the case of orange juice. Storage at 4°C caused a difference in the survival curve when compared to samples (also juice and salami) incubated at room temperature. The present study demonstrated that orange juice and salami can provide a favorable environment for survival and growth of S. zanzibar in spite of their low pH values.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Salmonella, orange juice, salami, survival, refrigeration.
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T. Durai Anand*, C. Pothiraj, R. M. Gopinath and B. Kayalvizhi
Abstract: The effect of oil-pulling on the reduction of total count of bacteria was determined. There was a remarkable reduction in the total count of bacteria. The process of oil- pulling reduced the susceptibility of a host to dental caries. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of sesame oil against dental caries causing bacteria was determined. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus were found to be moderately sensitive to the sesame oil.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.
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G. Essono*, M. Ayodele, A. Akoa, J. Foko, S. Olembo, and J. Gockowski
Abstract: A survey was carried out to monitor during a two -month period the incidence of Aspergillus in samples of stored cassava chips traditionally produced in southern Cameroon. Seventy- two samples associated with two forms of chips (cassava balls and cassava pellets) were collected in two locations (Yaoundé and Ebolowa) and 13 Aspergillus species were isolated. In both locations, Aspergillus versicolor was seldom isolated, whereas A. flavus and A. clavatus were most frequently isolated. The level of recovery of isolates obtained was not affected by location and form of chips, but by the duration of storage (P < 0.01) and the moisture content (P < 0.05) . Five core species were identified, which formed more than 70% of the total isolates associated with the samples analyzed. These were A. clavatus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger and A. ochraceous. Correlation coefficients computed between pairs of these species based on total isolation figures for the two locations showed that some were significantly associated. A. clavatus, A. niger and A. ochraceous were positively related to one another in a significant way. Similarly, significant correlations, positive or negative, were observed between the moisture content and all core Aspergillus species. The larger number of these toxigenic fungi isolated raises concerns on the potential of stored cassava products as a natural substrate liable to mycotoxin formation.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Aspergillus species, Cameroon, Cassava chips and Survey.
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文章
Denoj Sebastian, K. F. Zuhara* and K. Sekaran
Abstract: To correlate the prevalence of TORCH (Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex) infections with incidence of abortion in pregnant women in the Malabar area of Kerala, in order to establish basic knowledge for future pregnancy care. Patients attending the Institute of Maternity and Child Health, Calicut Medical College, Kerala were subjected for the study. Seventy one miscarriage cases and thirty normal pregnant women were studied through their medical, clinical, and serological data. Results were analyzed using person’s chi-square test. This study showed that general population of Malabar area has an infection susceptibility of 32.3% to Toxoplasma gondii, 9.6% to Rubella, 3.2% to CMV (Cytomegalovirus) and 61.3% to HSV (Herpes simplex virus) infections. This was revealed through the estimation of TORCH specific IgG. IgM specific to TORCH agents was also studied in abortion cases and was observed as T. gondii- 50.7% (p[...] Read More.
Keywords: Miscarriage, abortion, TORCH infection.
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Aiyegoro O. A.*, Igbinosa O. O., Ogunmwonyi I. N., Odjadjare E. E., Igbinosa O. E. and Okoh A. I.
Abstract: This study was carried out in order to determine the incidence of urinary tract infection in children and adolescents, identify the uro-pathogens responsible for the infection and study the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the uro-pathogens. Clean voided mid-stream urine samples were collected in sterile universal bottles from 301 children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 18 years at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital complex (OAUTHC) Ile-Ife, Nigeria from December 2005 – July 2006. Culture plates with bacteria counts greater than or equal to 1x105 cfu-ml-1 were taken as positive, thus indicative of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). The bacteria isolates were identified based on colony morphology characteristics, Gram stain reaction and biochemical tests using API 20E kits. The identified bacteria were then tested in vitro with standard antibiotics disc to determine their antibiotics sensitivity patterns. The result of this study shows that 36 (11.96%) of the 301 patients studies had UTI. Of the 124 females examined, 28 (22.4%) had positive urine culture while 8 (4.56%) of the 177 males had significant bacteriuria. A total of 36 bacterial isolates were obtained. Escherichia coli constituted the predominant organism and was responsible for (52.77%) of the cases of UTI. This was followed by Klebsiella sp. (25%), Proteus mirabilis (13.89%), Streptococcus faecalis (5.56%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.78%). The antibiotics sensitivity test revealed a high level of resistant to cotrimoxazole, amoxicillin and colistin as more than 60% of the isolates were resistance to these. This study highlights the presence of multi-resistance P. aeruginosa and poor compliance of the pathogens in vitro to antibiotics commonly used in treating UTI. It is therefore suggested that appropriate antimicrobials be administered to reduce the risk of multiply resistance organisms developing and avert ineffectiveness of antibiotics. Prompt therapeutic intervention is also essential to prevent cases of asymptomatic UTI from becoming symptomatic with resultant damage.[...] Read More.
Keywords: UTI, uro-pathogens, antibiotic sensitivity.
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文章
F. M. Bin Jasass
Abstract: Procedures for dipping of chicken carcasses in trisodium phosphate (TSP), lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) were evaluated to determine their effectiveness for reducing E. coli NCTC 10538 and aerobic total counts on the chicken meat surfaces. Chicken portions were dipped in a suspension of E. coli (7 log CFU/ml) for 20 s and kept for 90 min to allow E. coli to get attached to the chicken surface. The chicken portions were then dipped in 8, 10, and 12% concentration of TSP, 1, 2, and 3% concentration of LA, and 0.5, 1, and 1.5% concentration of AA for 20 s each followed by dipping in tap water for 20 s. A sterile template 4 x 4 cm was placed on the chicken surface and then swabbed by swab cotton. The number of E. coli and aerobic total counts were enumerated. The reduction of E. coli on chicken meat surfaces dipped in 8, 10 and 12% of TSP decreased E. coli by 0.5, 1.2 and 1.6 log CFU/ cm2, respectively. The reduction of E. coli on chicken meat surfaces dipped in 1, 2 and 3% LA was 0.5, 1.8 and 2.1 log CFU/cm2 respectively. The reduction of E. coli on chicken meat surface dipped in 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of AA had decreased the E. coli counts of 0.7, 1.1 and 1.4 log CFU/ cm2, respectively. The results showed that LA was more effective against E. coli and aerobic total counts than TSP and AA.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Trisodium phosphate, Lactic acid, Acetic acid, E. coli, Aerobic count, Quality, Chicken, Poultry.
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Doughari, J. H.*, Elmahmood, A. M. and Manzara, S.
Abstract: The bioactive compounds of root extracts of Carica papaya L. were extracted, using water and organic solvents, and were investigated for antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacteria using the cup plate agar diffusion method. The aqueous extracts did not show significant activity, but the organic extracts had significant activity with the methanol extracts demonstrating the highest activity against the test bacteria. The extracts demonstrated higher activities against all the gram-negative bacteria than the gram-positive bacteria tested, with the highest activity (14 mm zone of inhibition) demonstrated against Salmonella typhi. Increase in temperature enhanced the activity of the extracts, while alkaline pH decreased the activity. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extracts ranged between 50-200 mg/ml. Preliminary phytochemical analyses showed that the extracts contain alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides and phenols. Carica papaya may be used for the treatment of gastroenteritis, uretritis, otitis media, typhoid fever and wound infections.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Carica papaya L., antibacterial activity, phytochemical analysis, antibiotics.
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文章
M. Sridevi and K. V. Mallaiah*
Abstract: Rhizobium isolates from root (Sesbania procumbens) and stem nodules (S. rostrata and S. procumbens) of Sesbania species were shown to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in culture supplemented with L-tryptophan. Production of IAA was maximal after 72 h of incubation when the bacteria reached stationary phase of growth. The cultural requirements were optimized for maximum IAA production. The effect of carbon (1%) and nitrogen sources (0.1%) revealed that glucose and potassium nitrate were best promoters for IAA production over controls. The effect of different concentrations of EDTA revealed that 0.2 gml-1 EDTA increased IAA production. Among the three isolates, maximum amount of IAA was produced by the Rhizobium isolate from S. procumbens. The IAA from this isolate was extracted, purified and identified by thin layer chromatography.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Rhizobium species, Indole acetic acid, Sesbania species, Rhizobium-legume symbiosis.
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文章
Matofari, J. W., Shitandi, A.*, Shalo, P. L., Nanua, N. J., Younan, M.
Abstract: This study was undertaken to conduct a baseline risk analysis of raw camel milk with special emphasis on Salmonella enterica serovars. Cross-sectional studies were designed to investigate the prevalence of S. enterica serovars in a major camel milk production zone of Kenya. A total of 196 samples were assessed for possible presence of S. enterica. The samples included composite milk from the individual camel udders, bulk milk from collection and market centres, faeces, soil and water samples. Of the 196 samples tested, 43% (84/196) were found to contain Salmonella species. Out of the 84, only 31% (26/84) was positively identified as S. enterica. S. enterica was found in all the sample categories that repre-sented the camel milk production environment. The results suggest that raw camel milk contamination by S. enterica was influenced by post-harvest handling of the product rather than camel infection by the pathogen. It was concluded that a need exists to formulate better regulation strategies for the safe handling of camel milk on rural Kenyan farms.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Camel milk; Salmonella enterica, Milk safety, Kenya.
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