MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

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The differential impact of various assessment parameters on the medical studentsâ€™ performance in the professional anatomy examination

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: This study was designed to assess the convergent validity of the professional anatomy (a multifaceted examination) with other markers of success (the various interactive assessment components of the curriculum) in determining the overall performance of third-year medical students. The aim was to isolate area of academic weakness among the students and to readjust the curriculum content to balance the weakness. A total of 66 third year medical students with records of their grades in the various assessments criteria were analyzed. Parameters on the average End-in course assessment, Short Essays Question (SEQ), Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQ), and Practical (Steeple-chase) were considered. The Practical significantly correlated with overall performance (r = 0.89, P< 0.01). The Practical, MCQ, SEQ and End incourse showed an overall rank order of relative performance in assessment tasks and therefore indicate that, in general, students performance in the Professional examination was better than in the End-incourse examination.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Assessment, curriculum, Professional examination.

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Behaviour assessment in ontario mathematics classrooms

Tess Miller, Dr. D. Klinger, Dr. L. Shulha

Abstract: Curriculum reform in Ontario secondary schools proposed that the assessment of student achievement be separated into academic achievement and non- academic achievement or the behaviours that can influence academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to explore teachers’ assessment practices of non-academic achievement in Ontario’s grade 9 Academic and Applied mathematics programs. A questionnaire was distributed to grade 9 mathematics teachers attending a provincial mathematics conference. Analysis revealed that teachers were not engaging in this area of assessment as much as they felt they should and that the assessment of homework, in particular, was still being incorporated into a student’s academic score.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Assessment, mathematics, learning skills, learning behaviors/behaviours.

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Primary Teachers Perceptions of Classroom Assessment Practices as Means of Providing Quality Primary/basic Education by Botswana and Nigeria

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: More than any other of its aspects, assessment plays a central role in determining the quality of education. Quality of primary/basic education (QoE) can be viewed as the extent to which the process of education at the primary education level maximizes desirable outcomes in terms of cognitive, affective and psychomotor behaviour of the learners. Given human resources demand for development in the society some cognitive skills are more desirable than others. Hence education, to meet the skill demand of the society must ensure the development of such desirable skills among learners. Since teachers are the key executors in the processes of ensuring the development of these skills, their perception as to the level to which each of such skills differ in enhancing quality of primary/basic education, and the level to which current assessment practices ensure the development of each of these skills are important in any attempt to contribute solution to the problem of quality in basic education in Africa. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which primary school teachers in Botswana and Nigeria perceive the six levels of Bloom’s cognitive behaviour as being different in the extent to which they enhance quality in basic education and the level to which their current classroom assessment practices involve items that measure each of these levels of cognitive behaviour. Survey data from 191 primary school teachers from Gaborone district in Botswana, and 300 similar teachers from Delta State in Nigeria were analysed using repeated measure ANOVA to test related hypotheses. The main finding was that there is a significant discrepancy between the level to which, in the perception of the teachers, each of Bloom’s level of cognitive behaviour enhances quality of education and the level to which their classroom assessment practices are able to provide for the development of such behaviour among learners. The results were discussed and recommendations made on how to enhance quality in primary/basic education through classroom assessment practices.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Primary/basic education, assessment, quality of education, Bloom taxonomy of human cognitive behaviour

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Learning social studies through mastery approach

Adeyemi B.A

Abstract: This study examined learning Social Studies by investigating the effectiveness of mastery approach on students’ performance in Social Studies of two groups of students drawn from Osun State College of Education, Ila- Orangun and University of Uyo, Ila-Orangun Study Centre which consisted of 200 level Social Studies students and 200 level degree Social Studies students. A unit of course peculiar to both NCE and Degree Students in Social Studies was taught. SOS 221 titled; Issues and Problems of National Development for NCE Students and SSE 225 titled; Issues and Problems of Modern Society was broken down and presented sequentially to learners at different levels; the difficulty of the learning task varied according to the level of learners involved. In all 60 students, 30 from each level were involved. The research design was the posttest only control group design, which allows research to be conducted without any pretest. Results showed a clear-cut conclusion on the effectiveness of mastery learning approach on students’ performance as students in the two categories performed better in Social Studies compared with conventional approach to learning. This result was found to be significant at the 0.05 level. Some deductions were made on the results and the need for further research work is advocated.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Learning, mastery approach, conventional approach, social studies.

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Children and Poverty in South Africa: The Right to Social Security

Pierre Du Plessis and Lloyd Conley

Abstract: Poverty is one of the major threats to the realization of children’s rights worldwide and in South Africa. Currently, 66% of South African children live in severe poverty. This places all other rights at risk; the rights guaranteed by the South African Constitution and by the UN Convention. Poverty and inequality in South Africa continue to worsen. These are particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as those infected and affected by HIV/ Aids, those living on the streets, children of farm workers and illegal immigrants. These children face discrimination, isolation and extreme hardship. The article wants to investigate the situation in South Africa and what the outcome is on the right to social security of the child.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Poverty, rights, social security, HIV/AIDS, street children.

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Effectiveness of early childhood education programme in preparing pre-school children in their social-emotional competencies at the entry to primary one

Mary W. Kariuki, Micah C. Chepchieng, Stephen N. Mbugua and Owen N. Ngumi

Abstract: The foundation of an individual’s optimum or less than optimum development is laid down during the early years of life, particularly during the age between birth and six years. This age covers pre-school education. This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of Early Childhood Education programme in preparing Pre-school children in their social-emotional competencies at primary one entry. Simple random sampling was used to pick on three provinces: Rift Valley, Central and Eastern and then three districts, Nakuru, Nyeri and Embu. Proportionate sampling was used to select sample schools which were then picked using random numbers. The total number of subjects for the study was 378 (240 pre-school teachers, 120 Pre-school Managers 18 Pre-school Trainers). Questionnaires, focus group discussion and document analysis were used for data collection. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive analysis showed that majority of teachers felt that the Pre-school children were not as prepared in social –emotional skills as they were in academic skills. Analysis of variance results indicate significant variations in the perceptions of the pre-school staff on social-emotional importance (F=5.078 p[...] Read More.

Keywords: Social-emotional skills, academic, skills, competencies, preparedness, pre-school, education, early childhood.

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Developing functional literate citizens in South Western Nigeria

Clement Olusegun Olaniran Kolawole and Tunji A. Adepoju

Abstract: This paper examines strategies of developing functional literate citizens in Western Nigeria because it is believed that the problems of unemployment in the area are caused by the non-functional literacy programmes that have been on for long. The aim of the study is to promote the teaching of functional literacy to adults and those who are out of the formal school system so that they can effectively tackle their unemployment situation and then solve their socio-economic problems.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Functional literacy, basic literacy, unemployment, literacy development, western region, gainful employment.

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The effectiveness of using blended learning for teaching English language vocabulary for 1st grade students at Al Tafila Directorate of Education

Dr. Amaal Al Masri

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of using blended education strategy in teaching English language vocabulary among first-grade students in public schools at Al-Tafila Directorate of Education. The researcher used quasi-experimental approach in conducting this study, as the experimental group, which consisted of (46) students, were taught by the blended learning method, and the control group, which consisted of (46) students, were taught by the traditional method. The researcher also applied a pre and post achievement test, and the results of the study revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the pretest, whereas, statistically significant differences were found at the level of (0.01) in favor of the experimental group in the post-test. The study recommended the importance of using blended learning in teaching English vocabulary at the elementary level. Keywords: Teaching Strategies, Blended Learning, Students’ Achievement, Elementary Stage.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Teaching Strategies, Blended Learning, Students’ Achievement, Elementary Stage.

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Teachersâ€™ opinions on the incorporation of environmental education in the Nigerian primary school curriculum

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: This paper presents the report of a research carried out in Kwara Sate of Nigeria to seek the opinions of teachers on the incorporation of Environmental Education (EE) in the Nigerian Primary School Curriculum. The descriptive survey method was employed for the study. 200 teachers were selected through stratified random sampling technique to cater for variables of gender, type of school, qualification and experience. The sampled teachers responded to a 36 items researcher – made questionnaire. Two research questions were raised and four hypotheses were formulated for the study. Frequency counts and percentages of responses were used to answer the research questions while the SPSS computer software X2 statistic was used to test the hypotheses. The result of the findings indicated that: teachers were aware of the incorporation of EE in the Nigerian Primary School Curriculum and they have been teaching it; variables of gender and type of school did not affect the opinions of teachers but experience and qualification did affect the opinions of teachers significantly on the incorporation of EE in the Nigerian Primary School Curriculum. Based on the findings, it was recommended that teachers, who are the implementers of any curriculum should be given the opportunities to undergo refresher courses, seminars and workshops that will expose them to new innovations in the curriculum. EE should be explicitly introduced into the Nigerian Curriculum at the tertiary levels; EE should also be taught through the mass media throughout the country.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Environment, Primary School Curriculum, Teachers, Awareness, Afforestation, Land reclamation.

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Lecturer and student sensitivity to academic dishonesty intervention approaches in the University of Ilorin, Nigeria

Olasehinde-Williams, Olabisi

Abstract: This paper presents the report of a survey of staff and students’ expression of preference for, and willingness to engage in three approaches to curbing the menace of academic dishonesty in the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. The study also explored the possible connections between gender and the respondents’ responses. The sample comprised 87 staff and 232 final year undergraduate students, randomly drawn from five faculties in the university; and data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire patterned after Hinman’s (2000) ‘Police‘, ‘virtues‘ and ‘prevention‘ approaches to curbing academic dishonesty. The study employed frequency counts, percentages and the chi-square statistics to establish the degree of significance of observed differences between the responses of staff and students with regard to preference and engagement for each approach. Findings of the study showed that while the ‘Police’ approach was the most preferred by staff, the students expressed preference mostly for the ‘Virtues’ approach; significant differences existed between the staff and students in the degrees of their expressed willingness to engage in the ‘Police’ and ‘Virtues’ approaches; however, gender had no significant influence on respondents’ preference for or willingness to engage in any of the three approaches. The implications of the findings for integrated approach to curbing academic dishonesty and for instituting academic integrity policy in Nigerian universities were highlighted.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Academic dishonesty, curbing approaches.

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