MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

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Comparative diagnosis of ovine brucellosis using single step blood-PCR with old and new serological tools

Salama M. Abdel Hafez, Khaled A. Abd El-Razik*, Hany M. Hassan and Ibrahim Gad

Abstract: Brucellosis is an important disease affecting mainly sheep and goats. Diagnosis based on isolation of Brucella organisms from the suspected animals is the golden standard but has a limited sensitivity, expensive and unpractical to apply on a large scale in control campaigns. Accordingly, the indirect diagnosis of disease based on serological tests is the method of choice in the eradication programs. In this study, a single step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to diagnose brucellosis using sheep whole blood and compared its sensitivity and specificity against some of the most commonly used serological techniques and modified ones. Three hundred apparently healthy ewes were randomly chosen from different governorates of Egypt. Sera were tested against Rose Bengal test (RBT), Serum Agglutination test (SAT), ELISA using both the whole Brucella antigen (W-ELISA) and the periplasmic protein antigen (P-ELISA). Results showed that 39% of the blood samples were positive to the PCR test, Meanwhile 29.3, 27.0, 28.7 and 28.3% were positive to the previous serological tests respectively. We recommend the use of this blood PCR assay for accurate diagnosis of ovine brucellosis especially in the early stage of infection, which is difficult to achieve by the applied serological tests.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Ovine brucellosis, Blood PCR, RBT, SAT, ELISA.

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Thermo-alkaliphilic halotolerant detergent compatible protease(s) of Bacillus tequilensis MTCC 9585

Imran Khan, Puja Gupta and Jyoti Vakhlu*

Abstract: An extra-cellular thermo-alkaliphillic protease producing Bacillus was isolated from the soil and identified to be Bacillus tequilensis MTCC 9585 by microscopic, colony morphology, biochemical and 16S ribotyping. B. tequilensis MTCC 9585 produces protease up to 21 h of growth but interestingly 90% of the protease production occurred, just after 6 h of growth. The organism grew as well as and produced enzyme at wide pH (5 to 12) and temperature range (4, 25, 37 and 50°C), though optimum temperature and pH for the growth of the Bacillus were 37°C and pH 7.0. Optimum pH for enzyme activity coincided with optimum pH for enzyme production at pH 10. Optimum temperature for enzyme activity was 60°C and the enzyme stayed stable over the period of 270 days (9 months) at 10°C. Metal ions like Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ increased the enzyme activity whereas Cu2+, Zn 2+ inhibit the activity slightly. Wash performance and stain removal efficiency increased when partially purified enzyme was used in conjunction with selected detergent. B. tequilensis can be a potential candidate for use in detergent industry because: of couple of reasons such as (i) 90% of the protease is produced only after 6 h of growth (economically viable), (ii) it’s activity in wide pH and temperature range (iii) it’s stability over the period of 9 months at 10°C indicating good shelf life and (iv) detergent compatibility.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Bacillus tequilensis, alkaline protease, pH, temperature, detergent compatibility.

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Metaproteomic evaluation on the microbial community functions in a mesoscale cyclonic eddy perturbation

Yong-Yu Zhang*, Zheng-hao Chen, Zhuo Zhen and Jun Yang

Abstract: Eddy pumping is a process by which mesoscale eddies induce isopycnal displacements that lift nutrient-replete waters into the euphotic zone, driving a set of biogeochemical processes in the ocean. To investigate the potential effect of physical processes on the microbial community functions, the microbial community metaproteomic profiles were determined in a cold-core cyclonic eddy in the South China Sea (SCS). The significant differences of metaproteomic patterns accurately predicted their distinct functional responses to environmental changes caused by the mesoscale cyclonic eddy perturbations. From the protein gel profiles, 11 proteins were successfully identified by MALDI TOF MS/MS, including nitrogen regulatory proteins, ribosomal proteins and substrate transport proteins, etc, which implied the metabolic responses of the microbial populations to the nutrients change within the cyclonic eddies. These results highlight the potential of metaproteomics for studying complex microbial consortium in the ocean and contributed to our understanding of the biological consequences of a mesoscale cyclonic eddy in the SCS.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Cyclonic eddy, metaproteomics, microbial community.

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Effects of lactic acid, fumaric acid and chlorine dioxide on shelf-life of broiler wings during storage

Canan HECER and Metin GULDAS*

Abstract: In this study, effects of chlorine dioxide (0.3 and 0.5%), lactic acid (0.5 and 1.0%) and fumaric acid (0.5 and 1.0%) on the shelf-life of broiler wings were investigated. The samples were dipped into the experimental solutions for 10 min. and stored at +4°C for 9 days. Microbiologically, the counts of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), total psychrophilic bacteria (TPB) and ESCHERICHIA COLI were determined and pH values were measured. Compared to the control samples, the TAMB counts were reduced approximately as 13% with chlorine dioxide, 13.5% with lactic acid and 10.5% with fumaric acid. The most effective bacterial reduction on E. COLI was observed in the samples treated with 1.0% of lactic acid as 56 and 1.0% of fumaric acid as 34%. Statistically, the changes determined in the TPB counts were not significant (P>0.05), however they increased as 6 and 7% during the storage. Throughout the storage, the bacterial growth was reduced parallel to the concentration of the chemicals increased. The shelf-life of broiler wings was prolonged 4 days by the experimental solutions. Neither off-flavor nor a negative effect was observed on the sensorial properties by the panelists due to chemical applications.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Broiler, chlorine dioxide, lactic acid, fumaric acid, antimicrobials.

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Density functional theory (DFT) study of C7 Si5 Ge3 cluster as a novel material for vitamin C nano carrier

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: In the present study, structural properties of C7 Si5 Ge3 cluster and interaction between this cluster and vitamin C have been studied extensively utilizing density functional theory (DFT) employing B3LYP exchange correlation. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) properties are calculated by using density functional method (B3LYP) with 6-31G, 6-311G* and cc-pvdz as basis sets. Also natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis has been performed for C7 Si5 Ge3 cluster and C7 Si5 Ge3 inside vitamin C. Our results indicate that vitamin C can form stable bindings with C7 Si5 Ge3 cluster through oxygen (O) active site. Thus, we arrive at the prediction that the C7 Si5 Ge3 cluster can be implemented as a novel material for drug delivery applications.[...] Read More.

Keywords: C7 Si5 Ge3, vitamin, nano, nuclear magnetic resonance, natural bond orbital, density functional theory.

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Identify potential chronic heart failure related transcription factors by network analysis

Wu Gang*, Xie Qiang#, Cheng Mian, Jiang Xuejun, Yang Bo and Huang He

Abstract: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by diminished cardiac output and pooling of blood in the venous system. Using transcriptome data, we constructed a regulation network to identify the potential genes that related to heart failure. In the network, some of transcription factors and its’ target genes have been proved to be related to heart failure in previous study. According to the regulation network, we found some new transcription factors and target genes, which have not been proved to be directly related with; we also found MYC, TP53 and ETS2 regulate each other. Our work demonstrated that regulation of network analysis is useful in identification of the candidate genes in heart failure.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Chronic heart failure, transcription factors, regulation network.

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The effect of Ivermectin pour-on administration against natural Nematodirus spathiger infestations and prevalent rate of that in cattle

Khayatnouri Mirhadi*, Garedaghi Yagoob and Safarmashaei Saeid

Abstract: These days one of the real problems that cause the prejudice-economy in animal farms yearly is parasitic disease. For that reason and to prevent these problems the use of antiparasitic drugs is necessary. Ivermectin is a broad spectrum antiparasitic agent and is in different dosage forms such as injection, oral and pour-on. The aims of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin pour-on administration against natural Nematodirus spathiger nematode infections in cattle and also to determine the prevalent rate of this parasite in Tabriz area. In this study, 120 heads of male and female hybrid cattle were used for LPG (larves per gram of feces) feces test. Willis method was applied for feces test and Stoll method was used for counting nematode larvae (LPG). After confirming worm contamination and counting N. spathiger nematode larves in feces in infected animals, ivermectin (0.5 mg/kg) pour-on was administrated. Feces test was repeated in 1, 7, 21 and 28 days after treatment. Results showed that total prevalence of N. spathiger nematode infections was 33.33% in cattle of Tabriz area. The effects of ivermectin pour-on on N. spathiger nematode were 13.37, 44.96, 83.69 and 99.1% in 1, 7, 21 and 28 days respectively. In conclusion, because the effect of this drug against N. spathiger nematode was >99% (p[...] Read More.

Keywords: Ivermectin, pouron administration, Nematodirus spathiger, cattle.

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In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract from selected species of Cephalopods on clinical isolates

Pasiyappazham Ramasamy, Namasivayam Subhapradha, Alagiri Srinivasan, Vairamani Shanmugam, Jayalakshmi Krishnamoorthy and Annaian Shanmugam*

Abstract: Bioactive substances from marine biota have been found useful as special tools in pharmacological and biomedical research. In the present study, the in vitro antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic extracts of six species of cephalopods (Sepia kobiensis, Sepiella inermis, Sepioteuthis lessoniana, Octopus aegina, Octopus aerolatus, Octopus dollfusi) from Cuddalore (Southeast coast of India) was studied. The antimicrobial activity was screened against 10 species of clinically isolated human pathogenic bacteria namely Vibrio chlolerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pnemoniae, Vibrio alginolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parehaemolyticus, Streptococcus sp., Streptococcus pnemoniae, Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli and five fungal strains such as Alternaria alternata, Candida tropicalis, Pencillium italicum, Fusarium equisetii and Candida albicans. Different concentrations such as 25, 50, 75 and 100% were prepared and tested against the microbial strains for their inhibitory activities, using the disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanolic extract of cephalopods ranged from 60 to 100 mg/ml. The results were discussed in the light of positive and negative control apart from the concentrations tested. Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, cephalopods, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), pathogenic microorganisms.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, cephalopods, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), pathogenic microorganisms.

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Isolation and evaluation of antibacterial activity of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus bulgaricus from yogurt

Maria Tufail, Shahzad Hussain*, Farnaz Malik, Tahira Mirza, Ghazala Parveen, Shazia Shafaat, Amina Wajid, Rashid Mahmood, Rafique A. Channa and Alia Sadiq

Abstract: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) commonly used in food, as starter cultures are known to produce antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocins and have great potential as food bio-preservatives. Yogurt is a probiotic dairy product having Lactobacillus bulgaricus as natural source for fermentation. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin, produced by Lactobacillus bulgaricus isolated from yogurt and tested against pathogenic organisms. The identification of the culture was based on characteristics of the strains of Lactobacillus spp. on the basis of microscopy (morphology), Gram straining, growth at 37 and 45°C, fermentation of different carbohydrate sources and growth in MRS broth. On the basis of all of the identification tests, one strain isolated from the yogurt was identified as L. bulgaricus. Culture supernatants were obtained from the sixty out of hundred isolates of Lactobacillus spp. exhibited varying degrees of inhibitory activity against strains of Bacillus subtilis, ATCC #6633, Escherichia coli, ATCC, #10536, Salmonella typhi, ATCC# 19430, Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC #6538, Vibrio cholerae, ATCC #25870. Specifically, Vibrio cholerae was found most sensitive to bacteriocin, exhibiting maximum zone of inhibition 18.3 mm.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus bulgaricus, bacteriocin, yogurt, antimicrobial activity, Pakistan.

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Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from mobile phones of food handlers in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria

*Y.U. Dabai, A.H. Kawo and R.M. Aliyu

Abstract: This research was aimed to determine the incidence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from mobile phones of food handlers in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi state Nigeria, using aseptic swab technique. Hundred swab samples from mobile phones of food handlers were collected. Bacteria Isolated were enumerated using pour plate method and overall mean aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts of 2.70x106CFU/ml was obtained. Bacterial isolates (n=111) belonging to three genera; S. aureus (n=88) Escherichia coli (n=19) and Salmonella spp (n=4) were identified. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates indicated that the highest sensitivity of 40mm against S. aureus was ciprofloxacin, 30mm against E. coli and Salmonella spp has 26mm. However, Salmonella spp was resistance to nitrofloxacin and chloramphenicol with 0.0mm. The highest zone of inhibition was recorded against ciprofloxacin with 30 and the least resistant drug was chloramphenicol with 0.0mm respectively. The findings are of public health concern since mobile phone may serve as a vehicle for transmission of various bacterial diseases. Since using mobile phones become day to day activities, food vendors and other common people should be sensitized to adhere to infection control measures, such as hand washing, to avoid possible cross-contamination between mobile phones and food items. Keywords: Antibiotic susceptibility, S. aureus, Mobile phones, zone of inhibition, food handlers. Full Length Research Paper Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria [h1] isolated from mobile phones of food handlers in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria *Y.U. Dabai1, A.H. Kawo2 and R.M. Aliyu3 1Department of Public Health And Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, U[h2] smanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria. 2Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria. 3Department of microbiology, Faculty of Science, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria. Accepted 23 May, 2019 This research was aimed to determine the incidence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from mobile phones of food handlers in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi state Nigeria, using aseptic swab technique. Hundred swab samples from mobile phones of food handlers were collected. Bacteria Isolated were enumerated using pour plate method and overall mean aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts of 2.70x106CFU/ml was obtained. Bacterial isolates (n=111) belonging to three genera; S. aureus (n=88) Escherichia coli (n=19) and Salmonella spp (n=4) were identified. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates indicated that the highest sensitivity of 40mm against S. aureus was ciprofloxacin, 30mm against E. coli and Salmonella spp has 26mm. However, Salmonella spp was resistance to nitrofloxacin and chloramphenicol with 0.0mm. The highest zone of inhibition was recorded against ciprofloxacin with 30 and the least resistant drug was chloramphenicol with 0.0mm respectively. The findings are of public health concern since mobile phone may serve as a vehicle for transmission of various bacterial diseases. Since using mobile phones become day to day activities, food vendors and other common people should be sensitized to adhere to infection control measures, such as hand washing, to avoid possible cross-contamination between mobile phones and food items. Keywords: Antibiotic susceptibility, S. aureus, Mobile phones, zone of inhibition, food handlers. [h1]Change to lower case “i” [h2]Add U Full Length Research Paper Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from mobile phones of food handlers in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria *Y.U. Dabai1, A.H. Kawo2 and R.M. Aliyu3 1Department of Public Health And Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria. 2Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria. 3Department of microbiology, Faculty of Science, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria. Accepted 23 May, 2019 This research was aimed to determine the incidence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from mobile phones of food handlers in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi state Nigeria, using aseptic swab tech

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