MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

文章

Chemical composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic activities of the essential oil of Thymus Fallax Fisch. Mey

Ismihan Goze*, Ahmet Alim, Senay Akkus Cetinus, Nedim Durmus, Nilufer Vural and Hamdi Murat Goze

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate radical scavenging, antimicrobial and antiospasmodic activities in vitro and the composition of Thymus fallax Fisch. Mey. (labiatte) essential oil. The oil of T. fallax was analyzed by the GS-MS method. The sample was subjected to screening for possible antioxidant activity by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and -carotene-linoleic acid assays. Antimicrobial activities of the essential oil were determined on 9 micro-organisms using the agar-disc diffusion method. In rat ileum, direct effect of T. fallax essential oil was investigated on spontaneous contractions. GS/MS analysis of the oil resulted in the identification of 18 compounds, representing 92.41% of the oil; carvacrol (46.15%) was the main component. The essential oil exhibited strong antioxidant activity. It has antimicrobial activity on 8 of 9 microorganisms using the agar-disc diffusion method. T. fallax oil exhibited spontaneous contractions in rat ileum at 100% level at 0.1 mg/mL level. The essential oil of T. fallax has a strong antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antispazmodic activities as studied in our laboratory settings. T. fallax may therefore be regarded as a resourceful plant that can be used in the pharmaceutical and food industries.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Thymus fallax, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-spazmodic activity.

Full text

Download：2330

文章

Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory activity of leaves of Rivea hypocrateriformis

M. R. Brahmbhatt*, J. M. Patel , V. B. Patel and A. K. Saluja

Abstract: The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Rivea hypocrateriformis obtained by soxhlet extraction method was evaluated for analgesic action by Radiant Heat Tail Flick method and was tested for anti-inflammatory action by carrageenan induced paw edema. The ethanolic extract in doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg of Body weight showed 64.83 and 100% inhibition of paw edema, respectively at the end of three hours compared to that of standard Ibuprofen (87.04%). In the Radiant Heat Tail Flick model, the ethanolic extract at high dose 400 mg/kg of Body weight increased the pain threshold significantly after 30 min, 1, 2 and 4 h of administration. The ethanolic extract showed dose-dependent action in all the experimental models. The results were analyzed for statistical significance using two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnel’s test. A P value < 0.05 is considered significant.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Carrageenan induced paw edema, ethanolic extract Rivea hypocrateriformis, Tail flick method.

Full text

Download：1711

文章

Hypotensive effects of 3, 4- dihydroxybenzyaldehyde isolated from the stem bark of Musanga cecropioides

B.A. Ayinde*, E.K.I. Omogbai and D.N. Onwukaeme

Abstract: Previous works on the stem bark of Musanga cecropioides R. Brown (Moraceae) reported the hypotensive effects of aqueous extract at 10 - 40 mg/kg. This present work was carried out to examine the hypotensive effects of 3, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde isolated from the stem bark. Using pentobabitone sodium anaesthetized normotensive rabbits; the effects of the compound on blood pressure were tested at doses of 2.5 - 10 mg/kg. Also, the probable mechanism of action of the compound was examined using atropine, promethazine and the direct effect of the compound on isolated heart. At 2.5 mg/kg, the compound lowered the arterial blood pressure by 12.61 ± 2.45 mmHg. The blood pressure was further lowered by 17.88 ± 0.73 mmHg at 10 mg/kg. The hypotensive effect of the compound was observed to be unaffected by prior administration of either atropine (0.5 mg/kg) or promethazine (0.25 mg/kg). Similar to the mechanism of action of the crude aqueous extract, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde induced negative inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart as it dose-dependently reduced the force and rate of contractions of the heart from 0.5 - 2 mg/ml. The reductions observed at 1 mg/ml were effectively reversed by 10 g/ml adrenaline. However, the effects of 2 mg/ml were not reversed by administration of the adrenaline. The compound seems to be one of the constituents responsible for the hypotensive effect of the aqueous extract of M. cecropioides stem bark earlier reported.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Hypotensive effects, Musanga cecropioides, stem bark, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde.

Full text

Download：1747

文章

Pharmacognostic study of male leaves of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. with special emphasis on microscopic technique

Saurabh Singh, Lalit Machawal* and M. G. Chauhan

Abstract: Today sophisticated modern research tools for evaluation of the plant drugs are available but microscopic method is one of the simplest and cheapest methods to start with for establishing the correct identity of the source materials. Pharmacognostic investigation of the fresh, powdered and anatomical sections of the leaves of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. was carried out to determine its macro-and microscopical characters and also some of its physical constants. Externally, the leaves possess a cordate base, a sinuate and dentate margin, acute to acuminate apex and both surfaces are very rough with rigid hairs surface. Internally, its shows the presences of an anomocytic stomata, unicellular, both glandular and simple covering trichomes are scattered as such throughout or attached with the cells of the epidermis. Majority of the glandular trichomes are with 4 to 5 celled uniseriate stalk and unicellular head very few are short and with uni- to bi-cellular stalk and uni- to multi-cellular head especially from that of petiole region. Simple covering multicellular uniseriate thick walled trichomes are of various sizes and usually of the cells of both simple and glandular trichomes are often embedded with cystolith. Phytochemical studies of the powdered leaves revealed the presences of alkaloids, resins, glycosides, flavonides and some carbohydrates. The pharmacognostic profile of the leaves will assist in standardization for quality, purity and sample identification.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Trichosanthes dioica, pharmacognostic standardization, male leaf morphology.

Full text

Download：1756

文章

Argyreia speciosa Linn. f. : Phytochemistry, pharmacognosy and pharmacological studies

Ashish J. Modi*, S. S. Khadabadi, U. A. Deokate, I. A. Farooqui, S. L. Deore and M. R. Gangwani

Abstract: Many herbal remedies have been employed in various medical systems for the treatment and management of different diseases. The plant, Argyreia speciosa Linn. f. (Syn: Argyreia nervosa) belongs to family convolvulaceae has been used in different system of traditional medication for the treatment of diseases and ailments of human beings. It is reported to contain various alkaloids, glycosides, falconoid glycoside and steroids. It has been reported as antimicrobial, antidiarrhoeal, hepatoprotective, nootropic, anticonvulsant, central nervous system, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, nematicidal, aphordiasic, immunomodulatory, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Many isolated constituents from A. speciosa lack the reports of pharmacological activities, which support its further pharmacological studies.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Argyreia speciosa, pharmacognosy, pharmacology, traditional uses.

Full text

Download：1791

文章

In vitro evidence of anti-infective activity of crude aqueous extract obtained by boiling ripe stem-bark of Bridelia ferruginea Benth

H. O. Dada-Adegbola*, O. A. Oluwatoba, O. E. Adebiyi and A. N. Odikagbue

Abstract: The prevalence of multiple antibiotics resistance has prompted efforts to explore for more efficacious antimicrobial agents. The extract obtained by boiling the bark of Bridelia ferruginea Benth. is used traditionally for treating oral thrush called ‘Efu’. For this reason the in-vitro effectiveness and range of activities of crude extract obtained by boiling, ripe-stem-bark of Bridelia ferruginea have been carried out. The extract was tested against various microorganisms collected from clinical specimens. Bacterial isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, and other Candida species were tested for susceptibility using 0.5 McFarland turbidity standards of pure isolates on Mueller Hinton agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar. Ditches of 6 mm diameter were made on the media and 0.1 mls (9 drops) of the extract was added to each. For bacterial isolates, 3 or 4 standard antibiotic discs were added for comparison. The zone of inhibition around the extract ranged between 10 - 24 mm in diameter for bacterial and 14 - 25 mm for Candida (fungus). These results led to validate the activity both for fungal and bacterial agents of the crude extract obtained by boiling of the ripe stem bark of B. ferruginea as used traditionally.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Bridelia ferruginea, boiling, fresh, stem bark, Candida, bacteria.

Full text

Download：1642

文章

Physico-chemical analysis of XIMENIA AMERICANA.L seed oil and structure elucidation of some chemical constituents of its seed oil and fruit pulp

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: In this study, fixed oil was extracted from the seeds of XIMENIA AMERICANA. The study covered the percentage yield, physical and chemical properties of the extracted oil. The highest oil obtained was 51% w/v. The physical properties of the oil were found to be reactive index (1.477), density (0.9376 g/ml), boiling point (157°C) and viscosity 42 at 70°C and 227.58 at 25°C. The chemical properties of the oil were : iodine value (47.59), acid value (0.2805), peroxide value (30), saponification value (11.43), ester value (9.82), and the ratio value (35.009). The molecular weight of the major component of the oil was 604. The major component of the oil (C40H76O3) was identified as methyl-14,14- dimethyl – 18-hydroxy heptatriacont-27,35-dienoate [CH3OCO(CH2)12C(CH3)2(CH2)3CHOH(CH2)8CH=CH(CH2)6CH=CHCH3]. A compound was isolated from the fruit pulp, and purified using column and thin layer chromatography, with a molecular weight of 578, molecular formula (C35H62O6) and was identified as dimethyl - 5- Methyl – 28,29 - dihydroxy dotriacont-3,14,26 - triendioate. These compounds were not reported before from X. AMERICANA seeds or fruit pulp[CH3OCOCH2CH=CHCH(CH3(CH2)8CH=CH(CH2)10CH=CH(CHOH)2(CH2)2COOCH3].[...] Read More.

Keywords: Ximenia americana, seeds, oil, fruit pulp.

Full text

Download：1735

文章

TLC phytochemical screening in some Nigerian Loranthaceae

O. M. Wahab, A. E. Ayodele* and J. O. Moody

Abstract: The phytochemical screening of specimens of the family Loranthaceae collected from the field was carried out with a view to ascertaining chemical constituents present and determining their importance in the taxonomic delimitation of the taxa. Thirty field collections from various localities were screened for secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, terpenoids and ketones using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Most of the samples tested slightly positive for alkaloids, anthraquinone-related compounds, terpenoids and terpenoid-related compounds but ketonic compounds were of rare occurrence in all the samples. The chemical profile was useful in separating the collections of Phragmanthera from the other two genera while the collections of Globimetula were found embedded in Tapinanthus. The secondary metabolites obtained however showed the relative affinity of the Nigerian species of Tapinanthus. It is concluded that chemical characters may only be used as supporting evidence in the identification and delimitation of the taxa.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Loranthaceae, mistletoes, Nigeria, taxonomy, phytochemistry.

Full text

Download：1654

文章

Acylated triterpenoidal saponins and cytokinins from Gleditsia aquatica

Ehab A. Ragab*, Mohammed Hosny, Hazem A. Kadry and Hassan A. Ammar

Abstract: Two new bisdesmosidic triterpenoidal saponins acylated with one and two monoterpenoid units; aquaticoside A and B (1 and 2), two new cytokinins, aquaticine A and B (3 and 4), and one known cytokinin; adenosine (5), were isolated from the fruits of Gleditsia aquatica. Their structures were established by means of extensive 1D and 2D NMR studies and chemical degradation. Cytotoxicities (ED50) of various extracts and isolated pure saponins (1 and 2), were measured against various tumor cell lines. The isolated pure saponins (1 and 2), showed the most potent cytotoxicities with ovary adenocarcinoma (MDAH 2774, NIH: OVCAR-3), uterus mesodermal tumor (SK-UT-1), skin malignant melanoma (G-361) and colon colorectal adenocarcinoma (LS 174 T) cell lines.[...] Read More.

Keywords: NMR, acylated triterpenoidal saponins, cytokinins, Gleditsia aquatica.

Full text

Download：1597

文章

Pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of Rhizophora mangle L., as a potential antiulcerogenic drug: Chemical composition of active extract

Luz María Sánchez Perera*, Arturo Escobar, Caden Souccar, Ma. Antonia Remigio and Betty Mancebo

Abstract: Rhizophora mangle L. is a vegetal species widely distributed in Cuba and other Caribbean countries. This species is characterized by several ethnobotanical activities as antiseptic, astringent, as well for treating skin ulcers. In the present work, we describe a pharmacological, toxicological and chemical evaluation of this plant by its use in human medicine for the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers. The acute gastric ulcer’s models were: acute gastric ulcers induced by ethanol; indomethacin; pyloric ligation; stress and immobility in cool in mice. The antisecretor effect of the extract was evaluated by pyloric ligation model. Other pharmacological tests were planned with the freeze - dried extract of R. mangle, as part of the evaluation on other systems to known secondary or adverse effects. These tests included the activity of the antiulcer active extract on intestinal transit, activity over arterial pressure, ileum activity and absorption of glucose in gut. The chemical profile of this extract by fatty acids was studied by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Some toxicological studies (genotoxicity) were carried out. The aqueous extract of R. mangle bark showed gastroprotective, antisecretor effects, and it induced a recovery of PGE2 levels in doses-dependence manner comparable of knowledge antiulcerogenic medicaments. No effect was observed by arterial pressure in rats and the intestinal transit was inhibited by R. mangle. The intestinal motility was stimulated. Antiulcer active extract inhibit the glucose absoprtion in gut. This extract presented 4% of saturated and not saturated long chain’s fatty acids (C10:0 at C24:0). No toxicological signs were obtained by this extract.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Rhizophora mangle L., antiulcer, intestinal transit, arterial pressure, ileum activity, absorption of gluocose in gut, chemical composition, genotoxicology.

Full text

Download：1552

Search Filter