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V. Ravichandran*, G. Arunachalam, N.Subramanian and B.Suresh
Abstract: The plant Moringa concanensis Nimmo is a tree belongs to family Moringaceae locally known as Kattumurungai by tribal peoples of Nilgiris hill region in Tamilnadu. In view of its medicinal importance and taxonomic confusion, pharmacognostic studies, microscopical structure, morphological characters, chemical analysis and numerical values in epidermal study were carried out to supplement the necessary information for the systematic identification and authentication of this plant, as per WHO guidelines. Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical investigations of this plant were carried out and reported.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Moringa concanensis, moringaceae, microscopical characters pharmacognostical investigations, phytochemical studies.
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Nyunaï Nyemb, *, Manguelle-Dicoum Biyong Adèle, Njifutié Njikam and Abdennebi El Hassane
Abstract: The antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Ageratum conyzoides (AC) in the serum of male diabetic rats was evaluated using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays, by determination of malonadehydes, lipid hydroperoxydes and protein thiol groups. The plant extract was tested at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg on diabetic rats during three weeks of treatment; glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was used as positive control. Glycaemia of diabetic rats was also determined, at the beginning and at the end of the experimentation. The results showed that A. conyzoides did not have an incidence in serum protein thiols and serum malonaldehydes level. Nevertheless, the aqueous extract induced lowering of lipid hydroperoxides in the groups treated with 100 mg/kg (p 0.01) and 200 mg/kg (p 0.01) when compared to the negative control group. Power (FRAP) was also higher in the 100 mg/kg group. In addition, glycaemia was decreased at the ferric reducing antioxidant the third week in the group receiving 200 mg/kg (p 0.01) and 300 mg/kg (p 0.01). A. conyzoides had a positive effect on the oxidation-reduction system on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and improved glycaemia of diabetic rats. Keys words: Ageratum conyzoides, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, streptozotocin, diabetic rats.[...] Read More.
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K. L. Satpute, M. M. Jadhav, R. S. Karodi, Y. S. Katare, M. J. Patil *, Rukhsana Rub and A. R. Bafna
Abstract: Randia dumetorum Lamk., a plant widely used in the traditional medicinal systems of India, has been reported to possess antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. In present study, the attempt was made to screen immunomodulatory activity of methanol extract and its petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fraction of fruits of R. dumetorum. The effects of R. dumetorum on cell mediated and humoral components of the immune system in mice were observed. Administration of chloroform fraction at dose 100 mg/kg produced statistically significant results as evidenced by increase in humoral antibody (HA) titre (p < 0.05), delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response (p < 0.001).This fraction also enhanced the total WBC level in cyclophosphamide induced mylosuppression model (p < 0.001) at dose 100 mg/kg. Petroleum ether fraction and methanol fraction affected only cell mediated immunity. Present study, therefore reveals that drug holds promise as immunomodulatory agent.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Randia dumetorum Lamk, immunomodulatory, humoral immunity, delayed type hypersensitivity, myelosuppression.
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Luqman Aribidesi Olayaki*, Ibiyemi Olatunji-Bello, Ayodele Olufemi Soladoye, Olusegun Rabiu Jimoh, Olaide Ghazal and Martins Ighodalo
Abstract: Aqueous leaf extract of Cajanus cajan is consumed by pregnant women in our locality. However, its effect on pregnancy has not been studied. C. cajan is known to contain genistein and diadzein which are potent phytoestrogens. We studied the effect of aqueous leaf extract of C. cajan on litter size and serum progesterone in pregnant rats. Oral administration of C. cajan on timed-pregnant rats increased litter size from 7.2 ± 1.1 in the control gorup to 10.1 ± 1.5 (p < 0.01) and 10.6 ± 0.8 (p < 0.003) in 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively. Serum progesterone increased from 98.6 ± 3.5 ng/ml in the control group to 112.4 ± 5.3 ng/ml (p < 0.003) and 114.2 ± 3.7 ng/ml (p < 0.002) in the 100 and 200 mg/kg treated groups respectively. There was reduction in litter weight from 6.93 ± 0.2 g in the control group to 4.60 ± 0.3 g (p[...] Read More.
Keywords: Cajanus cajan, litter size, serum progesterone.
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S. B. Bhise and V. R. Salunkhe*
Abstract: Ashwagandha, Tulsi, Mulethi, Awala, Shatavari, Gokharu, Arjun, Giloy, Safed musli, Kalimirchi, Haldi, Jaiphal was used as an active ingredients and aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana as natural sweetener with nutraceutical in health dinks. The product was developed by treating concentrates of each crude drug with purified water. TLC profile, HPTLC method development and validation were carried out using Gallic acid as a standard. A new simple, sensitive, selective, precise and robust HPTLC method for analysis of Gallic acid in health drink was developed. Precoated silica health drink aluminium plate 60F-254 (20 × 10 cm) with 200 µm thickness was used as stationary phase while toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: ethanol (6: 4: 0.3: 0.4) system was developed as a mobile phase. Spectrum analysis showed the same Rf values and spectrum pattern of standard and sample. The method was validated by using accuracy, precision, linearity, robustness, ruggedness and recovery as applicable parameters. The developed method was quite good and most sensitive for the present products. The unpleasant and bitter taste of the product was masked by different concentrations of aqueous extract of Stevia. Sweetness potency was determined by taste evaluation method. 1% Stevia extract is sufficient to produce most palatable and acceptable sweet preparation.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Formulation, TLC profile, HPTLC method development, validation, gallic acid, health drinks, Stevia rebaudiana.
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G. Arunachalam*, Paromita Bag and D.Chattopadhyay
Abstract: We have evaluated the phytochemical and bioactive nature of the leaves of Mallotus peltatus (Geist.) Muell. Arg. var acuminatus and Alstonia macrophylla Wall ex A. DC, the two major ethno medicines of the Onge, Nicobarese and other tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, on the Bay of Bengal, India. Three major compounds were isolated from the polar fractions of the methanol extracts of A. macrophylla leaf namely β-sitosterol (fraction A), ursolic acid (fraction B) and β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside (fraction C), along with a minor fraction containing alkaloid and fatty acids. On the other hand polar fractions of methanol extract of M. peltatus leaf yielded two major compounds, ursolic acid (fraction A) and β-sitosterol (fraction B), along with a minor fraction containing fatty acids. The earlier studies reveal that both the extracts have antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activities, but the present study showed that the activities are due to fractions A and B of both the plants. Moreover, the extracts of both the plants had significant dose dependent antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity at nontoxic concentrations. It can be thus concluded that the terpenoid and - sitosterol, along with other minor constituent of the bioactive parts had a dose dependent therapeutic efficacy, justifying their use. However, further study can help to elucidate their mechanism of action.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Ethnomedicine, Alstonia macrophylla, Mallotus peltatus, pharmacology and phytochemistry, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory activity.
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Mohamed Gaber, Abdalla M. Khedr*, Ahmed S. El-Kady
Abstract: A new, rapid, sensitive and selective method for the spectrophotometric determination of xipamide in pure and dosage forms is proposed. The method is based on the reaction of xipamide with Fe(III), Cu(II), La(III), UO2(II), Th(IV) and ZrO(II) ions to form stable colored complexes. The formed complexes have maximum absorbance at 500, 390, 335, 445, 325 and 333 nm for Fe(III), Cu(II), La(III), UO2(II), Th(IV) and ZrO(II), respectively. Optimum conditions for determination, stoichometry and stability of the formed complexes have been determined. Beer's law is obeyed up to concentration range 54.64-1995.75 µg ml-1 of xipamide with apparent molar absorptivities ranging from 0.43 x 103-7.20 x 103 l mol-1 cm-1. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the determination of xipamide in pure form and representative pharmaceutical formulations with high precession and good accuracy. Keywords: Xipamide; Spectrophotmetric determination; Fe(III), Cu(II), La(III), UO2(II), Th(IV) and ZrO(II); complexation.[...] Read More.
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*Nwankwo, N. Emeka, Egbuonu A.C. Cemaluk
Abstract: The leaf of the African Mistletoe (Loranthus micranthus Linn) parasitic on Kola acuminata in Nsukka, Eastern Nigeria was studied. The crude petroleum ether extract (CPE) and ethanol extract of the CPE residue (EER) of Loranthus micranthus Linn were subjected to phytochemical and antimicrobial evaluation. Results of the phytochemical screening showed that EER had proteins, carbohydrates and reducing sugars while CPE had none of these metabolites. Flavonoids was absent, while tannins, steroids, saponins and terpenes were present in CPE and EER. Results of the antimicrobial activity revealed that CPE, EER and even standard antibiotic, gentamycin did not elicit any activity against A. niger and C. albicans. CPE and EER were active against S. aureus, S paratyphyi, B. subtilis and K. spp. Furthermore, the highest inhibition was noted in CPE (25.00) against S. aureus while the least was observed in EER (14.00) against P. aeruginosa. Altogether, the study suggests that CPE and EER extracts of leaf of Loranthus micranthus Linn parasitic on Kola acuminata in Nsukka area of Eastern Nigeria may serve as source for therapeutic compounds, thereby justifying its use in alternative medicine and potential for development into orthodox drugs.[...] Read More.
Keywords: Phytochemical, antimicrobial, pharmafood, Loranthus micranthus Linn, Kola acuminata.
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Elena Villamañán, Yolanda Larrubia, Margarita Ruano, Marta Gallego, Manuel Vélez, Alicia Herrero, Rodolfo Álvarez-Sala
Abstract: Some adverse drug reactions are due to hypersensitivity reactions. Drug allergy related errors in a handwritten treatment compared with those in an electronic prescribing system, characteristics of reported allergies and economic impact were analyzed. Prospective, observational study was carried out in two phases. 1st Phase (manual prescriptions), errors due to drug allergy were detected when pharmacists registered allergies and then warned the physician. 2nd Phase (electronic prescription) physicians registered allergies and entered treatments in a computerized physician order entry. The program warned avoiding prescription error. 3,682 patients were included. In phase 1, the incidence of prescription errors due to drug allergy was 13.7%, while in phase 2, it was 1.5% (p[...] Read More.
Keywords: Computerized prescription order entry; drug allergy; prescription errors.
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Mukti Pada Bag, Subhas Chandra Mahapatra, Pavuluri Srinivasa Rao, Debajyoti Chakrabarty
Abstract: A study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potentials of three commonly available, aquatic weeds namely, lemna (Lemna minor), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Crassipes ) and azolla (Azolla pinnata) for ascertaining their suitability as complementary fish feed with the aim to reduce the cost of traditional feeds. Three isonitrogenous (30% crude protein approximately) and isocaloric (4.0 kcal g−1 approximately) diets were formulated including lemna, water hyacinth and azolla as principal ingredient. Three groups of juvenile fish of fifty (50) number per group (Average wt.5.5 g;Average length 4.5 cm) were fed with three different types of feeds with lemna meal (LNM), water hyacinth meal (WHM) and azolla meal (AZM) for 90 days duration. Significant difference (P[...] Read More.
Keywords: Aquatic weed, Complementary fish feed, Isonitrigenous, Isocaloric, Juvenile fish, Protein efficiency ratio.
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