MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

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Inactivated autogenous vaccine associated with hemotherapy and application of Thuya occidentalis in the homeopathic treatment of canine oral papillomatosis - a case report

Dra. Rachel Siqueira de Queiroz Simões Marins*

Abstract: Oral mucosal tropism also has been documented in humans, canines, primates and wild mammals. The effectiveness of combined therapy has shown greater success in the treatment of cutaneous papillomatosis and oral mucosal lesions. Autogenous vaccine, homeopathy and immunotherapy have been employed in the treatment of the cutaneous lesions and oral mucosal papillomatosis in different species. In the present study, we reported about papillomavirus clinical infection in canines. Based in the clinical analysis, the surgical removal from warts lesions biopsies on the oral mucosal of the canines was carried out. Oral biopsy specimens were confirmed papilloma by the histological examination and the canines were treated by electrocautery. One of them, showed warts again and association of therapy was indicated. Inactivated autogenous vaccine derived from fresh warts, immunotherapy and homeopathy with Thuya occidentalis by orally was applied. The regression of warts was observed after the application of combined treatment and the animal presented no new injuries during the two years of monitoring the clinic case. Keywords: canine papillomavirus, oral mucosa lesions, homeopathy, hemotherapy, autogenous vaccine.[...] Read More.

Keywords: canine papillomavirus, oral mucosa lesions, homeopathy, hemotherapy, autogenous vaccine.

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Clinicopathologic and epithelial regression study in cutaneous warts of bovines infected by papillomavirus

Rachel Siqueira de Queiroz Simões Marins*; Prof. Carlos Eurico Pires Ferreira

Abstract: Multiple tumor samples were collected from 32 bovines (BOS TAURUS TAURUS x BOS TAURUS INDICUS), of both sexes, bearers of pedunculated cutaneous flat and/or mixed papillomatosis. The samples were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin solution and submitted to histothecnique by inclusion in paraffin for hystopatologic analysis and used in the preparation of an autogenous inactivated vaccine for treatment. The objective of the present work is to show the clinical pathological finding and the classic cytomorphologic alterations associated with the infection of bovine papillomavirus and to accompany the epithelial lesion regression after three doses of vaccine. This vaccine program applied was effective not presenting any new injury in the 16 animals vaccined after the experimental period.[...] Read More.

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Antitubercular drug discovery: the molecular modification as promise tool

Luiz Antonio Dutra, Thais Regina Ferreira de Melo, Chung Man Chin, Jean Leandro dos Santos

Abstract: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by etiologic agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. “It has been reported that rates of incidence is increasing and each year around 8.9-9.9 million new cases are detected”. The current TB therapy presents several problems such as long-term therapy, drug resistance, no-compliance to therapy and few therapeutic sources to treat the disease. The discovery of new drugs safer and more efficient is urgent. The molecular modification is an important tool that allows discovering new compounds that can be win these challenges. In this work, we summarize the main strategies useful to obtain a new anti-tubercular drug. Keywords: Tuberculosis; antitubercular drugs; new drugs; molecular modification.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Tuberculosis; antitubercular drugs; new drugs; molecular modification.

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Antimicrobial activity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) oil against microbes of environmental, clinical and food origin

Bhoj Raj Singh*, Vidya Singh, Raj Karan Singh and N. Ebibeni

Abstract: Out of the 1114 strains belonging to 29 genera and 105 species of microbes (molds, yeasts and bacteria) isolated from different sources [clinical cases, environment (water, air, soil, droppings of lizards and birds), food and healthy animals], 38.2% were sensitive to lemongrass oil discs containing 50 µg oil/disc. All molds, yeasts, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Morganella morganii, most of the Bacillus spp. strains (84.3%), aeromonads (78%), Edwardsiella spp. (73.9%), 53.6% pseudomonads, 53.1% streptococci and 50% of Budvicia aquatica and Leminorella ghirmontii strains were sensitive to lemongrass oil (LGO). On the other hand, all Hafnea alvei, Laclercia adecarboxylata, Xenorhabdus luminescens and majority of Salmonella enterica (98.3%), Citrobacter spp. (93.7%), Providencia spp. and Kluyvera cryocrescens (83.3%), Enterobacter spp. (78.2%), Proteus spp. (78%), Escherichia spp. (77.7%), enterococci (73.7%), Serratia spp. (75%) and Erwinia ananas (75%), Pragia fontium (70.6%), staphylococci (69.8%) and Klebsiella spp. (62.7%) strains were resistant to LGO. MIC of LGO for sensitive strains (tested against discs containing 50 µg LGO) varied from 1 µg to 32 µg /ml while none of the resistant strains had MIC[...] Read More.

Keywords: Lemongrass oil, Antimicrobial activity, Microbes

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Testicular toxicity of B-success herbal supplement in male albino rats

Ejeatuluchukwu Obi, Afonne Onyenmechi Johnson, Orish .E. Orisakwe*

Abstract: The effects of B success, a herbal supplement on the reproductive organs of male albino rats were investigated. The herbal product was given orally to three dose groups of five male rats each, namely 315, 630, 945mg/kg/body weight (b.w) for 90 days and were fed AD LIBITUM with rat chow, the control group received only deionised water. Afterwards, the rats were bled-sacrificed. The testes were excised and weighed, and their protein and DNA determined. Also epididymal sperm count (ESC), testosterone and lead in blood were determined. There was a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in absolute and relative weights, DNA and protein levels of the testes, and in ESC and testosterone in all the treated animals when compared with the control. Testicular tissues of all the treated animals showed dose dependent spermatocytic arrest. The present work suggests that the high lead content of B Success herbal supplement may be responsible for the testicular toxicity of this herbal supplement.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Testis, lead, B Success, herbal supplement, spermatocyte, testicular toxicity.

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Screening of Annona squamosa extracts for antibacterial activity against some respiratory tract isolates

*M. Yusha’u, D. W. Taura, B. Bello, N. Abdullahi

Abstract: Annona squamosa (L.) leaves were extracted with ethanol using percolation method and the extract obtained was partitioned in chloroform and distilled water at a ratio of 1:1 using 30ml volume. The extract and fractions were tested for antibacterial activity against clinical respiratory tract isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus species, Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and α-haemolytic Streptococci using disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution techniques. The extract and fractions were also screened for the presence of plant secondary metabolites using standard procedures. Sensitivity test results showed that water fraction of the plant was active on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae (10 mm) at 50µg/disc concentration while ethanolic extract of the plant was active against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Proteus species at 200µg/disc concentration with zone diameter formed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 mm) being wider than that formed in response to standard Augmentin disc (06 mm). The results of phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, reducing sugars, steroids and tannins in either the ethanolic extract, fraction(s) or both. Keywords: Screening, Annona squamosa, Extracts, Biological activity, Disc diffusion, Broth dilution, Bacteria, Clinical isolates, Secondary metabolites.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Screening, Annona squamosa, Extracts, Biological activity, Disc diffusion, Broth dilution, Bacteria, Clinical isolates, Secondary metabolites.

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Effect of ethanolic extract of ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE leaves on haematological and biochemical parameters of albino rats

Full Length Research Paper

Abstract: Medicinal plants are used in the treatment and management of most diseases worldwide. One of such diseases is diabetes. It is a metabolic disorder characterized by lack of insulin or inadequate supply of insulin. It affects one quarter of the world’s population as reported by World Health Organization. ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE parts are used in the management of diabetes hence the need to study its effect on the biochemical and haematological parameters. The ethanolic extract of A. OCCIDENTALE leaves at 2000, 4000 and 6000mg/kg B.W were administered on albino rats for a period of 42 days (i.e. 6 weeks) and haematological and biochemical parameters investigated. The packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell values fluctuated during the study period. However, there was no significant difference compared to the control. There was initial increase in white blood cell values for all the groups but fluctuated for the remaining period of study. The liver enzymes (ALT and AST) and protein levels significantly decreased. However, the creatinine and urea levels increased during the study period. The results indicate that A. OCCIDENTALE leaves at doses examined had significant (P[...] Read More.

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Pharmacological justification for the ethnomedical use of Datura Stramonium stem-bark extract in treatment of diseases caused by some pathogenic bacteria

M. H. Shagal*, U.U. Modibbo, and A. B. Liman

Abstract: Phytochermical screening and antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of the stem-bark of Datura stramonium was carried out. The extraction with the two solvents (water and ethanol) was carried out at room temperature. The phytochemical investigations include saponins, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides. The antimicrobial activity was investigation on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella spp, Eschericia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Neisseria gonorrhea. The results revealed the presence of saponins, steroids, alkaloids, and glycosides in both the extracts. Flavonoid was present only in the ethanol extract. The antimicrobial activity revealed that ethanolic extract showed more antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract. It showed some activities against all the tested bacteria except Neisseria gonorrhea. The aqueous extract only showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: Datura stramonium, alkaloids, Microbes, antimicrobial activity, ethanolphytochemical screening.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Datura stramonium, alkaloids, Microbes, antimicrobial activity, ethanolphytochemical screening.

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Evaluation of response to loading doses of clopidogrel therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

Kheria Saade, *Manal El-Hamamsy, Mona Hamdy, Ahmed Magdy Mohamed

Abstract: Clopidogrel resistance plays a key role in ischemic recurrence after Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The cytochrome P450 (CYP)–dependent conversion of Clopidogrel to its active metabolite may contribute to the variability in antiplatelet effect of Clopidogrel. To evaluate the response to 600 mg Clopidogrel loading dose versus 300 mg loading dose in patients undergo PCI. A total of 51 patients categorized to two groups: Group I consisted of 11 males (64.7%) and 6 females (35.3%) received 300 mg loading does, while Group II consisted of 28 males (82.4%) and 6 females (17.6%) received 600 mg Clopidogrel loading does. Detection of Clopidogrel response was assessed by measuring of the platelet aggregation percentage and CYP2C19 *2 assay in both groups. Clopidogrel resistance was defined by an arbitrary cut off value of ˂10% with respect definition as compared to control value. The percentage of Clopidogrel response among the studied patients was 29.2% for 300 mg Clopidogrel and 70.8% for 6oo mg Clopidogrel loading dose. In non or poor response to Clopidogrel group 10 patients (37%), were resistance to 300mg dose and 17 patients (63%) were resistance to 600mg Clopidogrel dose. Clopidogrel resistance groups were more likely have CYP2C19 genotype (CYP2C19*1.CYP2C19*2) (GA). There were highly significant association between good response group, non and poor response groups as regarding to genotype CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*1 (GG) carriers and CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*2 (GA) carriers. Platelet aggregation after 600mg Clopidogrel in both CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*1 (GG) carriers and CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*2(GA) carriers is statistically non significant with basal aggregation, before PCI and after PCI, while significant with day after PCI and highly significant with inhibition percentage before PCI. Platelet aggregation after 300mg Clopidogrel in both CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*1 (GG) carriers and CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*2(GA) carries is a statistically non significant with basal aggregation, before PCI, day after PCI, and after PCI, while significant with inhibition percentage before PCI. There was no variable individual response to the anti platelet effect of the standard dose (300mg) and higher loading dose (600mg) Clopidogrel therapy, but a variable individual response to Clopidogrel between patients carries CYP2C19*1.CYP2C19*2 (GA) genotype and carries CYP2C19*1.CYP2C19*1 (GG) genotype. Keywords: Clopidogrel, loading dose, cardiology, clinical pharmacy[...] Read More.

Keywords: Clopidogrel, loading dose, cardiology, clinical pharmacy

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Identification and spectrophometric determination of hydroquinone levels in some cosmetic creams

P. O. Odumosu* and T. O. Ekwe

Abstract: Hydroquinone, a dihydroxylated benzene derivative is used therapeutically as a topical agent for the treatment of certain skin conditions. Ten (10) cosmetic creams containing hydroquinone were randomly sampled based on consumer demand from the open market in Jos, Plateau State. The labels on the packages noticeably did not indicate the levels of hydroquinone present. The creams were subjected to colour and chromatographic test for identification, as well as assay by UV spectrophotometry. All ten (10) creams sampled, gave positive results to the test for hydroquinone. The level of hydroquinone was below 2% for seven of the creams, between 2 - 5% for two and above 5% for one. (The upper limit for cosmetic creams is 2 and 5% for therapeutic use). This study shows that despite the potential health hazards of hydroquinone, cosmetic products containing this agent are available for sale in the open market with inadequate warning on the labels.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Spectrophotometric analysis, hydroquinone, cosmetics.

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