MOSP - Macao Scientific Publishers

Research Article

Production and partial characterization of a thermostable amylase from ascomycetes yeast strain isolated from starchy soils

Bertrand Tatsinkou Fossi, Frédéric Tavea, Robert Ndjouenkeu*

Abstract: An amylolytic yeast strain was isolated from starchy soils (flour mills environment, flour market, cassava farms after harvesting and transformation of tubers) and its enzyme productivity and activity evaluated. The enzyme synthesis was optimum at 30°C when initial pH of fermentation medium was 4.5. After extraction and partial purification, the enzyme remained stable in a range of temperature and pH between 20°C-60°C and 2-8 pH respectively. The optimum enzyme activity was displayed at 70°C and pH 5.5 and 6.5. The thermostability of the enzyme was comparable to that of amylases from bacteria. Key word: Amylolytic yeast, amylase activity, thermostable amylase.[...] Read More.

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2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Genetic and nongenetic effects on the number of ovarian follicles and oocyte yield and quality in the bovine local (Oulmes Zaer), exotic breeds and their crosses in Morocco

A. Fassi Fihri, H. Lakhdissi, L. Derqaoui, Kh. Hajji, M. Naciri A. Goumari

Abstract: The effects of genetic and non genetic factors on the number of ovarian follicles and oocyte yield and quality in the bovine local breed (Oulmes Zaer), exotic breeds and their crosses in Morocco was investigated. In this study, females in very bad body conditions (BCS < 2) were not slaughtered and the average. The body condition scores (BCS) was 2.94 ± 0.89. Although some individual values were out of the normal ranges, mean values of total proteins, albumin, urea, -OH and GOT remain normal and were 77.83 ± 8.74 g/l, 32.4 ± 4.41g/l, 4.43 ± 2.13 mmol/l , 0.83± 0.48 mmol/l et 45.55 ± 11.95 UI/l, respectively. The mean number of ovarian follicles per cow (2-8 mm) was high (22.98 ± 8.41) whereas the oocyte yield (and 2.60 ± 1.53) was very low. The effects of genetic group, age and BCS on the number of follicles, oocyte yield and the quality were significant.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Cows, follicular population, oocyte yield and quality.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Hydrolysis of raw tuber starches by amylase of Aspergillus niger AM07 isolated from the soil

Omemu, A. M. *; Akpan, I ; Bankole, M. O. and Teniola, O. D.

Abstract: Eight Aspergillus niger strains which produced strong starch degrading amylase were isolated from the soil using a medium containing Remazol Brilliant Blue (RBB) starch as substrate. Amylase production was detected by the disappearance of the blue colour around the colony. Among the isolates, A. niger AM07 produced the largest clear zone (7.0mm) on Remazol Brilliant Blue (RBB) agar plate and also gave the highest amylase yield (806 U/ml) in solid-state fermentation process, hence it was selected for further studies. The crude amylase preparation of A. niger AM07 had temperature and pH optima activities at 60o C and 4.0 respectively. The optimum substrate concentration was 3 %. The action of the crude amylase of A. niger on raw tuber starches of yam, cassava, sweet potato and cocoyam were studied in comparison with the well known maize starch which is a cereal starch. The crude amylase was able to hydrolyze all the raw starches tested. Hydrolysis was significantly (p[...] Read More.

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2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Identification of over producer strain of endo- -1,4-glucanase in Aspergillus Species: Characterization of crude carboxymethyl cellulase

Habib Onsori ,*, Mohammad Raza Zamani, Mostafa Motallebi, Nosratollah Zarghami

Abstract: Cellulases are a group of hydrolytic enzymes capable of degrading cellulose to smaller sugar components like glucose units. These enzymes are produced by fungi and bacteria. The aim of this research was to identify a Aspergillus species with over production of endo- -1,4-glucanase. Properties of endo- -1,4-glucanase/carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) from a culture filtrate of the Aspergillus sp. was also studied. Aspergillus sp. (R4) was selected as over producer of endo- -1,4-glucanase among 13 different species. SDS-PAGE activity staining with 1% Congo Red solution revealed three protein bands showing cellulolytic activity. The molecular weights of these proteins were estimated to be approximately 18.5, 23 and 28 kD. Also, conservative region of endo- -1,4-glucanase coding gene was studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplified fragments with 1204 bp and 399 bp were confirmed by restriction pattern with HindII and PstI enzymes.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Aspergillus sp., Endo- -1, 4-glucanase, CMCase, SDS-PAGE, PCR.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Evaluation of microbial systems for bioremediation of petroleum refinery effluents in Nigeria

Ojumu, T.V., Bello, O.O., Sonibare, J.A. and Solomon, B.O.*

Abstract: The potential of various organisms to catabolize and metabolize organic compounds has been recognized as potentially effective means of disposing of hazardous wastes. Phenolic compounds has long been recognized as one of the most recalcitrant and persistent substance in petroleum refinery effluents. This is a cause of some concern because of the high toxicity and of this compound. Bioremediation of phenolic compounds has been recognized as a potential solution for the disposal of phenolic compounds due to its scale ability, cost effectiveness and simplicity. The two species of Pseudomonas, P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescence were studied for their bioremediation potential on Refinery effluent with respect to phenol biodegradation in a batch reactor. Phenol was degraded completely by the two species. While P. aeruginosa completely mineralize phenol at the 60th hour of cultivation, only 75% (23 mg/l) of phenol was degraded by P. fluorescence; complete degradation was achieved at the 84th hour of fermentation. There was highly positive correlation between phenol biodegradation and the microbial growth. (r = +0.994 and r = +0.980 at P[...] Read More.

Keywords: Bioremediation, phenol, biodegradation, Pseudomonas, refinery effluents.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Study on transformation of cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene into cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis)

Lv lingling*, Lei Jianjun, Song-Ming, Li Liyun, Cao Bihao

Abstract: Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor (CpTI) gene was transferred into cauliflower by agrobacterium-mediated transformation method, and 14 transgenic cauliflower plants were obtained. Cotyledons and hypocotyls were used as explants. The putative transformants were assayed by PCR and Southern blotting analysis. The results indicated that CpTI gene was transferred into cauliflower successfully. The result of preliminary insect-resistant assay showed that the transgenic plants were more resistant to Pieris rapae than non-transgenic plants.[...] Read More.

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2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Effect of red and far-red light on inhibition of hypocotyl elongation in ecotypes of Betula pendula Roth

Berhanu A. Tsegay*, Jorunn E. Olsen, and Olavi Juntttila

Abstract: Plants sense the quality, quantity, and duration of light signals and use them to optimise their growth and development. These signals are perceived by special light receptors of which the phytochrome pigment system is one of the most important for photomorphogenetic responses. Using special diodes that emit monochromatic light, we studied the effect of red (R), far-red (FR) and R+FR combinations on hypocotyl elongation of latitudinal ecotypes of Betula pendula. Continuous R and FR inhibited hypocotyl elongation equally, but inhibition was higher when seedlings were irradiated by continuous R+FR. In all cases, inhibition increased with increasing irradiance, from 0.75 µmol m-2 s-1 to 76 µmol m-2 s-1. Moreover, seedlings treated by R or R+FR synthesised more anthocyanins than those exposed to FR. Accumulation of anthocynins increased with increasing irradiance up to about 19 µmol m-2 s-1.[...] Read More.

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2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Nodulation and growth response of Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. to increasing nitrogen (ammonium) supply under glasshouse conditions

S.A. Indieka and D.W. Odee*

Abstract: A glasshouse experiment was carried out to study the effect of ammonium -N on the nodulation, growth and N-uptake of Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. inoculated with an effective Mesorhizobium (S. sesban) strain. Ammonium-N was supplied twice weekly as 100 ml of nutrient solution at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg N/l. The seedlings were grown in pots with sterilized sand substrate and assessed at 5, 7 and 9 weeks after planting (WAP). Nitrogen supply significantly improved nodulation (number of nodules and nodule dry weight/plant) with treatment 100 mg N/l compared with 0 mg N/l at 5 and 7 WAP, thus indicating synergism for the N2-fixation symbiosis. However, with treatments ³ 200 mg N/l nodulation was either depressed or inhibited. Seedlings treated with 100-400 mg N/l generally exhibited better growth (shoot and root dry weight/plant) and N-uptake than the other treatments (0, 600 and 800 mg N/l). This study has demonstrated that S. sesban seedlings are tolerant to relatively high levels of N, and that treatment with 100 mg N/l (20 mg N per week) is necessary to stimulate an early and effective N2-fixing symbiosis.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Ammonium, improved fallow, Mesorhizobium, N2-fixation, nodulation, Sesbania sesban.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Recovery of herbicide-resistant Azuki bean [Vigna angularis (Wild.), Ohwi & Ohashi] plants via Agrobacterium- mediated transformation

Mutasim M. Khalafalla,*, Hany A. El-Shemy, Rahman S. Mizanur, Masayoshi Teraishi, Masayoshi Teraishi, Masao Ishimoto

Abstract: Transgenic azuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi] plants expressing the hygromycin phosphotransferase ( hpt), green fluorescent protein (sgfp) and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) genes were obtained by Agrobacterium- tumefacients - mediated transformation. A total of 210 epicotyl explants were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105, harboring the binary plasmid pZHBG on MS co-cultivation medium supplemented with 100 mM acetosyringone and 10 mg/l of BA. Following selection on MS medium with 15 mg/l of hygromycin, the regenerated adventitious shoots that formed on the induced calli were further screened for sgfp expression before transferred to rooting medium. 31 transgenic plants were obtained with transformation frequency of 14%. The presence of transgenes in transformed azuki bean plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and southern blot analysis. Transcription of the bar and hpt genes was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. sgfp- positive transgenic plants exhibited functional expression of the bar gene as determined by assaying for resistance to bialaphos applied directly to leaves. This result demonstrates the feasibility of introducing potentially useful agronomic traits into azuki bean through genetic engineering.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, bar gene, bialaphos, transgenic, Vigna angulazris.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Induction of callus and somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon explants of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth

Amoo, Stephen Oluwaseun* and Ayisire, Benjamin Erhinmeyoma

Abstract: To explore the potential for in vitro rapid regeneration of Parkia biglobosa, an endangered multipurpose woody angiosperm, cotyledon explants obtained from 7-day old aseptically germinated seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0.4-1.0 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Cotyledon explants were placed either with the abaxial surface facing up or down on the media. Induced calli were subcultured on media containing 0.8 mg/L Kinetin combined with different concentrations (0.2, 0.6 and 1.0 mg/L) of 2,4-D. Unlike in NAA, successful calli induction was observed in all concentrations of 2,4-D investigated. Callus production was only at the cut edges and on the abaxial surface of the explants. Induced calli turned friable, more nodular and with small protuberances on media containing 0.8 mg/L Kinetin combined with either 0.2 mg/L or 0.6 mg/L 2,4-D. The protuberances eventually developed into somatic embryos in an auxin-free suspension culture medium. The developed protocol established the potential to produce plantlets from cotyledon explants through somatic embryogenesis. It also offers itself as a highly efficient method for mass clonal propagation and conservation of P. biglobosa.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Parkia biglobosa, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, cotyledon explants.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Toxicity studies in rats fed nature cure bitters

Stanley O. Aniagu*, Florence C. Nwinyi, David D. Akumka, Gloria A. Ajoku, Sunday Dzarma, Kazeem S. Izebe, Matthew Ditse, Patrick E. C. Nwaneri, Charles Wambebe and Karynius Gamaniel

Abstract: Graded doses of Nature Cure Bitters (NCB) were administered daily (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o) to rats for 28 days and the effects on body weight, organ weight, clinical signs, gross pathology, haematology, histology and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. The relative weights of the heart, liver and testes of treated rats were unaffected in contrast to a significant increase in the relative weights of the lungs, kidneys and spleen. The packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentrations were significantly reduced whereas total leucocyte counts and glucose levels were remarkably increased. A significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase occurred in all the groups but alanine aminotransferase and albumin levels were significantly elevated. NCB elicited hypo-cholesterolaemic effects in addition to lowering urea, uric acid, BUN and total protein concentrations. Histological findings did not reveal any treatment-related effects. The calculated therapeutic index was >37.5. These preliminary results suggest that NCB was not likely to produce severe toxicological effects on organ weights, haematological and biochemical indices when given at normal therapeutic doses.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Nature Cure Bitters, organ weight; pathology, haematology; serum biochemistry.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

The pattern of infection and in vivo response to Chloroquine by uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in northwestern Nigeria

Bello SO, *, Muhammad BY, Bello AY, Ukatu AI, Ahmad BM, Adeneye AA, Cherima JY

Abstract: The pattern of infection and in vivo response of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria to Chloroquine as first line drug and Quinine, Halofantrine or Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine as second line medications was evaluated at nested sentinel points, including Government and Private Practices, for three consecutive months. 559 cases were evaluated of which 22.5% failed on Chloroquine therapy. The age range of P. falciparum malaria cases was 4 months to 48 years, with a mean and median age of 9.2 and 3 years, respectively. There were significantly more female patients than male. Also, ages 5 years and below accounted for 63.2% of cases and as a group had an increased risk of treatment failure with Chloroquine compared to older patients. In general, male patients also had a higher relative risk of treatment failure on Chloroquine. Patients treated in Government practices were more likely to fail than those treated in Private practices. All cases of failure to Chloroquine treatment responded to Quinine, Halofantrine or Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum malaria, Chloroquine, resistance.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Pitfalls in the routine diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus

C.S.S. Bello and A. Qahtani

Abstract: Two hundred isolates of Presumed Staphylococcus aureus from routine clinical specimens, collected from two government hospitals in Abha, Saudi Arabia, had their identity verified. We used the tube coagulase test as our gold standard. Twenty (10%) of the isolates were mis-identified. Reliance by the two laboratories on DNase test, Mannitol fermentation reaction and improper performance of the coagulase test, were responsible for the mis-diagnosis.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, diagnosis, pitfalls.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Activity staining method of chitinase on chitin agar plate through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Vipul Gohel, Pranav Vyas and H.S. Chhatpar*

Abstract: A method for detection of chitinase activity on chitin agar plate after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is described. Different staining dyes such as calcofluor white M2R, fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine B, ruthenium red and congo red were separately incorporated in chitin agar plates. After running polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the gel was transferred onto chitin agar plate containing different dyes for the activity staining. Thin layer of acetate buffer (0.2 M, pH 5) was pored on the gel, which helps faster diffusion of the enzyme from gel onto the plate. After incubation of about 7 h, bands of chitinase were visible by daylight or UV light. The method is very sensitive since it can detect even 0.5 units of chitinase. Thus, this method is sensitive, rapid, user-friendly, reliable and cost effective.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Activity staining, chitinase, dyes, sensitivity, stability.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Effect of Nauclea latifolia leaves aqueous extracts on blood glucose levels of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Gidado, A., Ameh, D.A.* and Atawodi, S.E.

Abstract: In Northern Nigeria, different parts of Nauclea latifolia (family: Rubiaceae) are prescribed as remedy for diabetes mellitus. This study was designed to evaluate the hypoglycemic property of aqueous extract of the leaves of the plant in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous extracts at (200 mg/kg bw.) significantly lowered glucose levels (p[...] Read More.

Keywords: Nauclea latifolia, hypoglycaemic activity, alloxan-induced diabetes.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Stability of yam starch gels during processing

N’Guessan Georges Amani*, Alphonse Kamenan Agnès Rolland-Sabaté, and Paul Colonna

Abstract: To evaluate their aptitude to be used as functional ingredients, twenty one varieties of yam starches of Côte d’Ivoire were submitted to different technological stress such as high temperature treatment, long term freezing and refrigeration, high speed shearing and acidic treatment, in comparison with commercial modified starches. The gel of “kangba” starch (D. Cayenensis-rotundata) is the most stable during thermal processing. The cultivar “Daminangba” ( D. alata) which present the clearest gel (63 % of clarity) is also the most stable during refrigeration with a low syneresis (26%) at 4°C.The “Esculenta 7” cultivar (D. esculenta) shows the weakest value of syneresis at -20°C. The gel of D. dumetorum species is the strongest under acidic condition with 8% of viscosity decrease from pH 7 to pH 3, whereas the “Bodo” cultivar ( D. alata) gel shows good resistance to shearing with 31% fall of viscosity from 160 rpm to 900 rpm on the RVA. The “Sopèrè”, “Lopka” and Kponan cultivars (D. Cayenensis–rotundata) present the strongest viscosities in all the technological treatments.[...] Read More.

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2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Retention of -carotene in frozen carrots under varying conditions of temperature and time of storage

Debjani Dutta, Utpal Raychaudhuri, Runu Chakraborty*

Abstract: Carrots were blanched and stored in a freezer to study the retention of - carotene. Retention was found to be better in 3 min blanched samples than in 5 min ones. There was an increase in -carotene content in carrots after 5 days at all storage temperatures: 0, –8, –14, and –18oC. Decrease was found to be insignificant compared to the initial value even after 80 days of storage time at –18oC and for 3 min blanch time.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Carrots, -carotene, blanching, freezing, activation energy, storage time.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Export papaya post -harvest protection by fungicides and the problems of the maximal limit of residues

DEMBELE Ardjouma*, Traore Sory Karim, KONE Mamadou, COULIBALY Dotana Ténébé

Abstract: The post-harvest maturity of papaya fruits is influenced by several environmental factors including temperature, light and ventilation of the surrounding wall. The maturity, presence and attacks or rots, and the accumulation of fungicide residues in the papaya was evaluated on papaya fruits treated with different fungicide. Thiabendazole-treated fruits did not rot 21 days after treatment and this fungicide was the most satisfactory with detected residues lower than the European Union’s 2000/48/EC guideline.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Post-harvest, papaya, fungicides, phytotoxic, thiabendazole, residues maximal limit.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Histopathology of the gill and liver tissues of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus exposed to lead

OLOJO, E. A. A. *, OLURIN, K. B., MBAKA, G. and OLUWEMIMO, A. D.

Abstract: An investigation on the effect of the heavy metal, lead (Pb) on the gill and liver of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus was carried out in the laboratory. One hundred and sixty (160) fingerlings of the fish were exposed to continuous exposure to sub-lethal concentrations (0.006 mg/l and 0.008 mg/l) of lead for a period of three weeks. The liver and gill of fish were removed every 9 days for histological examination. The results showed that the degree of distortion of the gills and liver was proportional to the exposure periods and concentration of the metals was found to be dose and time dependent.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Lead, Clarias gariepinus, histopathology, gill, liver.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Microbial control of caged population of Zonocerus variegatus using Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium sp.

O.E. FAGADE, S.A. BALOGUN and C.J. LOMER

Abstract: Microbial control of caged populations of Zonocerus variegatus was carried out using indigenous fungal entomopathogens isolated from the grasshopper’s cadaver. Bioassay response indicated a dose-dependent mortality coupled with drastic reduction in food consumption among spores infected grasshoppers. Lethal time (LT50) of 4.6 days for 103 spores/ml and 3.8 days for 107 spores/ml of oil formulation of Beauveria bassiana were observed. While Metarhizium sp recorded LT 50 of 9.0 days and 2.8 days for 103 and 107 spores/ml, respectively. The results obtained were discussed in relation to use of the isolates in the control Z. variegatus infestation in forest agro-ecosystem of south west, Nigeria.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Microbial control, entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Zonoccrus variegatus, Metarhizium sp.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Review

Antioxidant potential of African medicinal plants

S.E. Atawodi

Abstract: Cellular damage or oxidative injury arising from free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) now appears the fundamental mechanism underlying a number of human neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, inflammation, viral infections, autoimmune pathologies and digestive system disorders. Free radical are generated through normal metabolism of drugs, environmental chemicals and other xenobiotics as well as endogenous chemicals, especially stress hormones (adrenalin and noradrenalin). Accumulated evidence suggests that ROS can be scavenged through chemoprevention utilizing natural antioxidant compounds present in foods and medicinal plants. Africa is blessed with enormous biodiversity resources, but plagued with several diseases, including those with ROS as the etiological factor. In this review, research on the antioxidant potential of medicinal plants of African origin between 1965 and September, 2004 is considered. Keywords: Medicinal plant, antioxidant activity, chemoprevention, neurodegenerative diseases, Africa.[...] Read More.

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2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Review

Application of biotechnology for the improvement of Nigerian indigenous leaf vegetables

Opabode, J.T*. and O.C. Adebooye

Abstract: Nigeria is endowed with many indigenous leaf vegetables (ILVs) species, which spread across the estimated cultivable land area of 71.2 million hectares. These ILVs provide food, income, employment and herbal medicine to the population. Uncollected and uncharacterized germplasm, pests, diseases, anti-nutritional factors, recalcitrant seed, seed dormancy and perishable produce militate against the realization of potentials of the ILVs. This paper discusses biotechnological applications such as meristem culture, in vitro selection, zygotic embryo culture, somatic embryo genesis, protoplast culture, anther culture and genetic engineering that can solve improvement and production problems associated with some selected ILVs. Among the problems envisaged in the application of these biotechnological techniques are lacks of resources, selections of crop for research, attitude of government and weather conditions.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Indigenous leaf vegetables, biotechnology, production problems.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Review

Crop protection strategies for major diseases of cocoa, coffee and cashew in Nigeria

T. O. Adejumo

Abstract: A great percentage of people in the developing countries are engaged in agriculture, but the yields of their produce are low due to diseases that plague their crops. In Nigeria, crop protection measures that are cheap, simple, cost-effective and sustainable are desirable to combat Phytophthora pod rot (black pod) and cocoa swollen shoot virus diseases of cocoa, coffee leaf rust and coffee berry diseases, inflorescence blight disease of cashew in order to make farming profitable and sustainable. Disease control strategies include the use of resistant cultivars, chemicals, biological, botanicals, cultural, physical controls and application of biotechnology, each of which is discussed in this paper.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Crop protection, cocoa, coffee, cashew, diseases.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Isolation and characterization of micro satellites in Bambusa arundinacea and cross species amplification in other bamboos

Sumitra Nayak and Gyana Ranjan Rout*

Abstract: Isolation and characterization of microsatellites was analyzed in Bambusa arundinacea and cross species amplification in other bamboos. Six microsatellites, three polymorphic and three monomorphic, were characterized in a bamboo species, Bambusa aruninacea belonging to the family Poaceae. The numbers of alleles per locus ranges form 2 to 6. Allelic diversity ranges from 0.128 to 0.789. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values for two loci were > 0.3, as an indicator of polymorphic allele. Cross species amplification has been tested in other 18 bamboo species. Monomorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have been found to be cross amplified in most of the tested species while polymorphic ones in only three to four species. Utilization of the SSR loci in genetic diversity study of B. arundinacea and other cross amplified bamboo species is discussed.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Bambusa arundinacea, microsatellite marker, cross species amplification, population study, species identification.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Short Communication

Isolation and characterization of a Coffea canephora ERF-like cDNA

José Bustamante-Porras, Michel Noirot, Claudine Campa, Serge Hamon and Alexandre de Kochko*

Abstract: ERFs (Ethylene-Responsive Element Binding Factors) are members of a transcription factors family unique to plants. They contain a well-conserved segment, which interacts specifically with sequences containing AGCCGCC motifs (GCC box) located in the promoter region of genes activated during biotic or environmental stress in plants. A cDNA corresponding to an ERF gene has been isolated from a Coffea canephora fruit cDNA library. The cDNA was 1,317 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 987 bp. The predicted polypeptide showed a great similitude with equivalent proteins from others plant species. The binding domain shows 98.3% identity in amino acids sequence with Lycopersicon esculentum ERF. This transcription factor may possibly be involved in differential cell growth or in fruit ripening process. Although it was not possible to isolate it from a leaf cDNA library, its presence in such library was confirmed.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Ethylene, coffee, Coffea canephora, transcription factor, ERF.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Characteristics of fermentation yeast isolated from traditional Ethiopian honey wine, ogol

Teramoto Y.*, Sato R., and Ueda S.

Abstract: Indigenous honey wine, known locally as ogol, was collected in a village of the Majangir ethnic group in Southwest Ethiopia, and the procedure for ogol fermentation was investigated. A fermentation yeast was first isolated from ogol and identified as being a strain of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Honey wine made with S. cerevisiae ET99 contains 16.5% (v/v) ethanol; the acidity and pH were 6.0 and 3.8, respectively. Volatile ester and higher alcohol were detected by gas chromatography. A relatively higher amount of propan-1- ol (43 mg/l) was found in the honey wine than in those made with wine yeast W4 and sake yeast K7. The aroma characteristics of honey wine made with yeast ET99 were acceptable, as determined by organoleptic tests, and were found to be applicable to ethanol fermentation.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Honey wine, ogol, indigenous alcoholic beverage, fermentation, Saccharomyces, Ethiopia.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Production of bioemulsifier by an unusual isolate of salmon/red melanin containing Rhodotorula glutinis

Oloke J. K.* and Glick B. R.

Abstract: An unusual isolate of Rhodotorula glutinis was obtained. The yeast produces a spore and a crystalliferous protein per cell. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the parasporal crystals contained polypeptides with a molecular mass of approximately 55, 47, 40, 36 32.5, 30 and 25 kD. The yeast also produces a salmon/red pigment at late stage of exponential growth, which has physical and chemical properties that are consistent with it being a form of melanin. The organism has been used to produce bioemulsifier with emulsion index of 80% when tested against kerosene and crude oil. The bioemulsifier has been shown to be capable of eliminating about 76% of crude oil pollutant. The colonial and mycelia forms of Rhodosporidium toruloides and Rhodosporidium sphaerocarpum have been successfully isolated from the unusual organism.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Bioemulsifier, rhodotorula glutinis, teleomorph, Rhodosporidium toruloides.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Utilization of petroleum hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas sp. and transformed Escherichia coli

Emtiazi, G., Shakarami, H., Nahvi, I. and Mirdamadian, S. H.

Abstract: Our previous studies showed that the biodegradation of petroleum oil by a pseudomonas isolated from a petroleum -contaminated soil was instable. In this work, it is shown that when the isolates are immobilized on Perlite, they are more stable for oil degradation. Although the isolate did not have any chemotaxis to octadecane, dodecane and octane but utilize octadecane and dodecane better than octane and it did not utilized hexane, benzene, kerosene, pentane, heptane or thiophenol. The generation time for degradation of petroleum oil, dodecane and octadecane was 20, 22, and 25 h respectively. This phenotype was not transformed to Pseudomonas by conjugation even with lysozyme treatment, however the petroleum oil and octadecane utilization were transformed to Escherichia coli by lysozyme treatment. The transformed E. coli lost the ability to use octadecane after three subcultures on nutrient broth and 34 generations. Keywords: Petroleum, transformation, chemotaxis, biodegradation, immobilization.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Petroleum, transformation, chemotaxis, biodegradation, immobilization.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Urinary schistosomiasis in a rural community in Edo state, Nigeria: Eosinophiluria as a diagnostic marker

Nmorsi OPG*, Egwunyenga OA, Ukwandu, NCD, Nwokolo NQ

Abstract: The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in Ikpeshi, a rural community of Edo State, Nigeria showed that 195(65%) out of 300 volunteers harboured Schistosoma haematobium ova in their urine. Eosinophiluria was markedly significant > 5 eosinophilic leucocyturia/hpf and reported among 250 (83.3%) inhabitants. Of these, ova were absent in 55 (22.0%) of urine samples but had other associated urinary symptoms namely; proteinuria or haematuria or both. Eosinophiluria among the inhabitants with light infections as described by < 50 ova/10ml was 15.83 ± 15.98 x 109/L while heavy infections ( >50 ova/10ml of urine) was 107 ± 76.20 x 109/L. In all, the eosinophiluria showed a positive correlation with the S. haematobium ova excreted in their urine (r = 0.40046, p < 0.05). The sensitivities of the urinary symptoms are eosinophiluria (100%), proteinuria (56.0%), haematuria (80.0%), specific gravity (84.0%) and turbidity (76.0%). The eosinophiluria with the a relatively highest sensitivity can complement the use of ova in urine as a diagnostic marker especially in sub clinical cases and other periods when egg laying capacity of this fluke are suppressed or absent.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Eosinophiluria, urinary schistosomiasis, urinary symptoms, rural community, Nigeria.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Review

Implicating roles of animal reservoir hosts in the resurgence of Gambian trypanosomosis (Sleeping Sickness)

J. N. Abenga* and I. A. Lawal

Abstract: Gambian trypanosomosis (Sleeping Sickness) is a complex and debilitating disease of man. For many years the disease has been ravaging in several parts of sub-saharan Africa despite decades of therapeutic control. Although animal reservoir hosts are believed to be associated with the disease, not much evidences have been established to prove the true existence of animal reservoir hosts for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and the zoonotic nature of Gambian Sleeping Sickness. This paper reviews recent evidences based on molecular and other biotechnologies leading to the identification of mammalian hosts as reservoirs of T. b. gambiense and the roles of such hosts in transmission and resurgence of sleeping sickness in sub-Saharan Africa.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Gambian trypanosomosis, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, animal reservoir hosts, biotechnologies.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Effect of metal ion concentration on the biosorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by Caladium bicolor (wild cocoyam)

Michael Horsfall Jnr* and Ayebaemi I. Spiff

Abstract: The influence of initial metal ion concentration of the batch sorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ onto a low -cost biosorbent was investigated. The experimental results were analysed in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. According to the evaluation using Langmuir equation, the monolayer sorption capacity obtained were 49.53 and 65.50 mM/g for Pb2+ and Cd2+, respectively The data further showed that, sorption of the two divalent metals onto the biomass increased with increase in initial metal ion concentration until monolayer coverage is attained. The thermodynamic assessment of the metal ion – Caladium bicolor biomass system indicates the feasibility and spontaneous nature of the process and Go was evaluated as ranging from –4.55 to –6.63 KJ mol-1 and –4.02 to –6.09 KJ mol-1 for Pb2+ and Cd2+ sorption, respectively. The order of magnitude of the Go values indicates an ion-exchange physisorption process. Keywords: Phytoremediation, cocoyam, adsorption, water treatment, heavy metals removal.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Phytoremediation, cocoyam, adsorption, water treatment, heavy metals removal.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Role of bioinoculants in development of salt-tolerance of Vicia faba plants under salinity stress

G. H. Rabie* and A. M. Almadini

Abstract: Through biological inoculation technology, the bacterial-mycorrhizal-legume tripartite symbiosis in saline conditions was documented and the effects of dual inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense (NFB) and Arbuscular mycorrhizal (Am) fungus Glomus clarum on the host plants (Vicia faba) in pot cultures were investigated at five NaCl levels (0.0 – 6.0 dSm-1) in irrigating water. Am faba plants showed decreases in salinity tolerance, % of mycorrhizal infection and higher accumulation of proline with increasing levels of salinity. Am infection significantly increased tolerance of salinity, mycorrhizal dependency, phosphorus level, phosphatases enzymes, nodule number, nitrogen level, protein content and nitrogenase enzymes of all salinized faba plants in comparison with control and non-Am plants either in the absence and presence of NFB. In shoot system of non-Am plants, Na+ concentration was increased while the concentrations of K+, Mg+ and Ca+ were decreased with raising salinity stress. In Am plants, K+/Na+ , Mg+/Na+ and Ca+/Na+ ratios were higher than that of non-Am plants at all salinity levels. The Na+ level in shoots of Am plants showed slight increase with raising salinity meanwhile, K+ and Ca+ concentrations showed noticeable increases especially at higher salinity levels. The results clearly showed that the inoculation of NFB to Am plants had potentiality to increase the effects of Am fungi under salinity stress. This study provides evidence for benefits of NFB to Am fungus in the protection of host plants against the detrimental effects of salt. If so, bacterial- Am-legume tripartite symbioses could be a new approach to increase the salinity tolerance of legumes plants under salinity conditions.[...] Read More.

Keywords: legumes mineral nutrition, mycorrhiza, nitrogen fixing bacteria, symbioses.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Callus proliferation and somatic embryogenesis in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Ikram-ul-Haq

Abstract: Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration are fundamental to tissue culture biotechnology in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cv. Coker 312. Callus proliferation was considered best on MS1a (2.0 mg/L NAA; 0.1 mg/L ZT; 0.1 mg/L KT) when 6 weeks old callus was cultured from MS1b (0.1 mg/L 2, 4- D; 0.5 mg/L KT) medium, there is no need to select embryogenic calli for somatic embryogenesis, as all of them were converted to somatic embryos. NH4NO3 play an important role in differentiation of callus into somatic embryos but is lethal for embryos just after two weeks. However, KNO 3 is less efficient for somatic embryo induction but is best for embryo maturation. By this procedure 56.51% cotyledenary embryos were developed within 5 weeks. Of that, 82.05% cotyledenary embryos were developed not only into normal plantlets, but rooted simultaneously when cultured on MS (with 0.05 mg/L GA3) medium. A complete plant of Cocker-312 could be regenerated through somatic embryogenesis within 4 to 5 months.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum L,plant regeneration, Coker 312, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, in vitro regeneration.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Response of Musa species to macro-propagation. II: The effects of genotype, initiation and weaning media on sucker growth and quality in the nursery

Baiyeri K. P.

Abstract: Sucker plantlets of five Musa genotypes were derived from sword-sucker-corms using ricehull and sawdust as initiation media. Plantlets initiated were transferred to three weaning/rooting media formulated with ricehull (RH), sawdust (SD) and poultry manure (PM). Weaning media and genotypes had significant (P[...] Read More.

Keywords: Sucker-plantlets, weaning media, genotypic responses, growth quality.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Response of Musa species to macro-propagation. I: Genetic and initiation media effects on number, quality and survival of plantlets at prenursery and early nursery stages

Baiyeri, K. P.* and Aba, S. C.

Abstract: Ricehull and sawdust were evaluated as Musa sucker plantlet initiation media using five genotypes as test plants. Sword-sucker-corms whose apical dominance was physically destroyed were planted and evaluated for plantlet production during a period of about five months. The number, quality and pattern of plantlets produced and their survival were studied. Results showed that initiation media had statistically similar effects on most parameters measured. However, number of days to the emergence of the second and third plantlets was significantly (P[...] Read More.

Keywords: Musa genotypes, plantlets initiation media, survival in nursery.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Anther culture response in indica rice and variations in major agronomic characters among the androclones of a scented cultivar, Karnal local

Bidhan Roy, Asit B. Mandal*

Abstract: Effect of organic adjuvants, synthetic plant hormones and diverse carbon sources in influencing anther culture response in five indica rice genotypes (IR 72, Mansarovar, Taraori Basmati, Pusa Basmati and Karnal local 95) were assessed. Androgenic callus induction as well as green plantlet regeneration was more when callus was induced on N6 fortified with 100 mg L-1 YE. However, coconut water (5 and 10% concentrations from Pink Dwarf variety) encouraged green plantlet regeneration only in Karnal local 95. High callus induction was observed with synthetic hormones in comparison to the control set. However, green plantlet regeneration was observed when callus induction medium (CIM) was supplemented with 2, 4-D and IBA in Taraori Basmati and Karnal local 95. Among the varieties Pusa Basmati and Karnal local 95 showed better callus inductions on N6 supplemented with 6% maltose. Maximum callus induction was observed in Pusa Basmati and Karnal local 95 when 6% sucrose or maltose were used as carbon source. Total plantlet regeneration was cent percent in Taraori Basmati when CIM was supplemented with maltose (6%). Maximum green plants were obtained when CIM was added with maltose (6%) for Karnal local 95. Plantlet regeneration in the present study was found to be very low. Androgenic plantlets derived from the scented indica rice, Karnal local 95, were evaluated under field condition to assess variability among segregating A2 generation. Overall mean values in respect of some major agronomic characters viz. plant height, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, spikelet sterility (%) and grain yield per plant were reduced except number of panicles per plant. High CV was observed for filled grains per panicle, grains yield per plant and number of panicles per plant suggesting the existence of high variation among the androclones for those characters. Positive selection deems to be improvising those characters. The frequency distribution for number of panicles per plant and panicle length varied largely among the androclones in both direction of the parental mean. Whereas, all the androclones were found to be shorter than the parent and low yielder too. This study elucidates that the genetic modulation through exploitation of androclonal variation is a feasible proposition in scented indica rice.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Scented rice, anther culture, androclonal variation, genetic improvement.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Short Communication

Photoperiodism in Digitaria exilis (Kipp) Stapf accessions

A.A. Aliero and J.A. Morakinyo*

Abstract: Three varieties of Digitaria exilis namely, white mbulus, jakashale and red dapys were grown in planting chamber and the effect of photoperiod on flowering was investigated. The photoperiods were eleven, twelve and thirteen hours. Highly significant differences (p[...] Read More.

Keywords: Digitaria exilis, photoperiods, flowering.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Short Communication

Somatic embryogenesis in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from apical meristem tissues from â€˜zebiaâ€™ and â€˜lokoâ€™ landraces

Somatic embryogenesis in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from apical meristem tissues from ‘zebia’ and ‘loko’ landraces

Abstract: The shoot apical meristem from young suckers were used as sources of explants for initiation of culture using MS basal medium which contained 2,4-D. This was incubated at 27oC in the dark. Callogenesis was observed as early as the second subculture. Continuous subculture of the callus in the establishment medium at about the third subculture from calls production, resulted in somatic embryo formation. The somatic embryos were then transferred to MS medium without hormones under light where they matured after about two subcultures and developed into shoots. The shoots produced roots when transferred to a medium which contained NAA at 0.1 mg/L.[...] Read More.

Keywords: somatic embryogenesis, date palm, in vitro, micropropagation.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Short Communication

Quantitative trait loci for head-bug resistance in sorghum

M. Deu, A. Ratnadass*, M. A. Hamada, J.L. Noyer, M. Diabate† & J. Chantereau

Abstract: QTLs were mapped in F2 progeny derived from a cross between the head-bug resistant sorghum cultivar Malisor 84- 7 and susceptible S 34. The phenotypic evaluation was conducted in Mali. The mapped population consisted of 217 F2 plants, with 345 homologous and heterologous RFLP probes and 49 microsatellite markers tested. Eighty-one RFLP markers revealed polymorphism between the two parents, and 14 microsatellite markers gave usable amplification products. A genetic map including 92 loci distributed over 13 linkage groups, and covering a total distance of 1160 cM was built. Three significant and seven putative QTLs were detected and placed on the map.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Head-bug, Eurystylus oldi, sorghum, resistance, RFLP, microsatellite, QTL.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Effect of cultural conditions on xylanase production by Streptomyces sp. (strain Ib 24D) and its potential to utilize tomato pomace

Rifaat Rawashdeh, Ismail Saadoun* and Amjad Mahasneh

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of some cultural conditions on the xylanase enzyme production by Streptomyces sp. (strain Ib 24D) and to investigate its potential to produce xylanase utilizing tomato pomace as a substrate. Xylanase activity was detected using the dinitrosalicylic acid assay method. The crude enzyme was maximally active at pH 6.5 and 60°C. The maximal enzyme production was obtained when oat spelt xylan was used as a carbon source. When tomato pomace was used as carbon and nitrogen source, the maximal xylanase production was 1447 U/ml. SDS-PAGE and zymogram analysis revealed one band of 58 kDa with xylanolytic activity. The Streptomyces sp . (strain Ib 24D) was able to produce a considerable amount of xylanase with high levels of activity at a broad ranges of pH and temperature, in addition to its ability to utilize tomato pomace as a carbon and a nitrogen source.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Agricultural wastes, biodegradation, Streptomyces sp., xylanase.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Short Communication

Isolation and Identification of a Brevibacterium linens strain degrading p-nitrophenol

Debananda Ningthoujam

Abstract: A bacterium was isolated from garden soil in basal salts medium containing p-nitrophenol (PNP). Subsequent subcultures in basal salts agar, nutrient agar plates and agar slants by streaking led to isolation of pure colonies. The pure culture could degrade up to 300 mg/L PNP in presence of yeast extract. It was Gram positive rods, mostly single, catalase-positive, hydrolyzing strach and casein but not urea. Gelatin liquefaction was positive whereas acid production from carbohydrates was negative. It showed tyrosine clearing and had meso-DAP as the characteristic cell wall amino acid. On the basis of the morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests the organism was identified as Brevibacterium linens. To our knowledge, this is the first report of any Brevibacterium strain able to degrade PNP.[...] Read More.

Keywords: p-Nitrophenol, nitroaromatics, (bio) degradation, isolation, Brevibacterium.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Short Communication

Activity of essential oil and phenolic acid extracts of pepperfruit (Dennetia tripetala G. Barker; Anonaceae) against some food-borne microorganisms

B. O. Ejechi* and D. E. Akpomedaye

Abstract: A previous report showed that the essential oil and phenolic acid extracts of pepperfruit (Dennetia tripetala) inhibited the growth of tomato-rot fungi. The study was subsequently extended to other food-borne microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa., Proteus sp., Escherichia coli., Enterococcus faecalis., Serratia sp., Bacillus sp., Clostridium sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus) isolated from food products. All the isolates were susceptible to the extracts with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 1.0-4.0 mg/ml. The essential oil inhibited the food-borne organisms better (MIC: 1.0-2.5) than the phenolic acid (MIC: 1.5-4.0). The challenge organisms in fresh, boiled or roasted beef, treated with the extracts were either not detected, declined significantly in number (p0.05) after 7 days. A role for pepperfruit extracts in natural food protection is further indicated.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Essential oil, pepperfruit, dennetia tripetala, phenolic acid, food-borne microorganisms.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Increase of nisin production by Lactococcus lactis in different media

Angela Faustino Jozala, Letícia Célia de Lencastre Novaes, Olivia Cholewa, Dante Moraes, Thereza Christina Vessoni Penna*

Abstract: Nisin production related to the growth conditions of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ATCC 11454, the effects of various media components and concomitant release of nisin into the media, were studied through transfers (five times). Nisin production was assayed by agar diffusion using Lactobacillus sake ATCC 15521 as the sensitive test organism. The expression of nisin was strongly influenced by the addition of skimmed milk to both MRS and M17 broth, with the highest production obtained after the second and the fifth transfers, respectively, with maximum expression after 36 h of incubation.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Nisin, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus sake, bacteriocin, milk.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Methods of preparation and nutritional evaluation of dishes consumed in a malaria endemic zone in Cameroon (Ngali II)

Roger PONKA*, Elie FOKOU, Rose LEKE, Martin FOTSO, Jacob SOUOPGUI, Mercy ACHU BIH and Félicité MBIAPO TCHOUANGUEP

Abstract: This study deals with the description of the methods of preparation and determination of the nutritional potential of dishes consumed by Cameroonians living in a rural area, which is a malaria endemic zone, called Ngali II. The dishes consumed are prepared from leguminous seeds, seeds of the Cucurbitaceae family (egusi seeds), green leafy vegetables, tubers, cereals unripe bananas and plantains. The contents in moisture, ash, proteins, lipids, crude fibres and carbohydrates were determined by standard AOAC methods. The results obtained are expressed in percentage f.w for moisture and percentage d.w for ash, proteins, lipids, crude fibres and carbohydrates. The moisture content ranges from 57.77-86.17; ash, 0.66-14.74; proteins, 1.49-37.25; lipids, 0.26-54.98; crude fibres, 1.43-17.82 and carbohydrates, 3.51-95.76. This study revealed that a higher consumption of dishes made from leguminous seeds, egusi seeds, green leafy vegetables, and low consumption of tubers, unripe bananas and plantains will lead to a good nutritional balance. Keywords: Dishes, preparation, nutritional potential, malaria.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Dishes, preparation, nutritional potential, malaria.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Research Article

Temperature effect on dextransucrase production by Leuconostoc mesenteroides FT 045 B isolated from Alcohol and Sugar Mill Plant

Mariana CORTEZI, Rubens MONTI and Jonas CONTIERO*

Abstract: Temperature (23 to 31°C) and sucrose concentration (3 and 4%) effects on dextransucrase production by Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B 512 (F) and Leuconostoc mesenteroides FT 045 B were studied. The conditions in all fermentations were: total reaction volume 2 L, 132 rev. min-1, 0.5 vvm and pH 6.0. The optimum temperature for enzyme yield for strain NRRL B 512 (F) was 23°C, where at 8-h fermentation was possible to achieve 49.3 DSU/mL. When FT 045 B strain was utilized, 3.2 DSU/mL was obtained at temperature 23 to 25 °C.[...] Read More.

Keywords: Dextran, dextransucrase, Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B512 (F), Leuconostoc mesenteroides FT045 B, temperature, enzyme activity.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Short Communication

Studies on the extraction and characterization of thermostable ï¡-amylase from pericarp of Borassus indica

Studies on the extraction and characterization of thermostable a-amylase from pericarp of Borassus indica

Abstract: Thermostable a-amylase was extracted and characterized from the fruits (pericarp) of Borassus indica. Analysis on the influence of various physico-chemical parameters on the extracted enzyme revealed a Vmax of 0.793 and a Km of 0.022. The optimum temperature was found to be 370C at pH 4.5. The stability studies on enzyme activity envisaged that the enzyme is stable up to 800C and retained its activity over a wide range of pH (4.0 – 8.5). Significant enhancement in the enzyme activity was observed in the presence of metal ions like Manganese and Strontium and an insignificant decrement in the presence of Sodium ions.[...] Read More.

Keywords: a-Amylase, Borassus indica, enzyme activity.

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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Short Communication

Identification of metallo-lactamase from a clinical isolate at Saint Camillle medical Center of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Identification of metallo-b-lactamase from a clinical isolate at Saint Camillle medical Center of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Abstract: A metallo-b-lactamase was identified from a clinical sample. The host bacteria was identified to be Chryseobacterium indologenes. This preliminary characterization of the enzyme is reported here.[...] Read More.

Keywords:

2005, 4(1), 1-6;

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